IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 

Volume 45,  Number 1, Feb 1998           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



1. 1.     Chwan-Hwa Wu, J.D. Irwin, "Multimedia and multimedia communication: a tutorial," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 4-14, Feb 1998.  Full Text Link

Abstract : This paper presents, in a tutorial fashion, the important features of multimedia technology. The specific areas addressed are multimedia and compression standards, computer networks, multimedia transport, and some specific applications employed by industry to date. Multimedia and the effective and efficient communication of multimedia using compression and networks are fused together in this tutorial in an attempt to demonstrate the tight coupling which exists between these two interrelated technologies. First, the techniques and properties inherent in both multimedia and compression standards are presented. Then, the important characteristics of the major local and wide area networks are summarized. Next, the communication techniques for the transport of video and video conferencing are discussed. The new strategies employed to connect homes through cable TV and the telephone companies, as well as the new Ethernet technologies, are also described. Finally, some modern applications of multimedia communication derived from the automotive industry are used to describe the use of this technology in design, manufacturing, and sales

1. 2.     R.R. Rao, Tsuhan Chen, R.M. Mersereau, "Audio-to-visual conversion for multimedia communication," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 15-22, Feb 1998.  Full Text Link

Abstract : Although humans rely primarily on hearing to process speech, they can also extract a great deal of information with their eyes through lipreading. This skill becomes extremely important when the acoustic signal is degraded by noise. It would, therefore, be beneficial to find methods to reinforce acoustic speech with a synthesized visual signal for high noise environments. This paper addresses the interaction between acoustic speech and visible speech. Algorithms for converting audible speech into visible speech are examined, and applications which can utilize this conversion process are presented. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to animate a natural-looking talking head using acoustic speech as an input

1. 3.     Qingwen Hu, S. Panchanathan, "Image/video spatial scalability in compressed domain," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 23-31, Feb 1998.  Full Text Link

Abstract : Image/video compression is widely used in various applications with the advent of the Joint Photographic Expert Group (JPEG), Motion Picture Expert Group (MPEG), and H.261 standards. Hence, most visual data are stored in the compressed format. Spatial scalable encoding of visual data has several applications, including browsing visual databases, querying multimedia databases, interactive multimedia communications, etc. We propose two novel techniques, namely, format compatible (FC) discrete cosine transform (DCT) and format modified (FM) DCT to implement image/video spatial scalability directly in the DCT compressed domain. The FC-DCT technique can be used to manipulate the standard bit streams, such as JPEG, MPEG, etc., while the FM-DCT technique can be employed in a variety of applications which require fast processing. In contrast to the traditional spatial-domain techniques, the compressed-domain techniques remove the unnecessary decompression and recompression procedures, thus, they have the advantages of reduced computational complexity and storage requirements. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DCT-domain techniques can achieve a comparable performance at a much lower computational complexity compared to the spatial-domain techniques

1. 4.     R.T. Harding, Chwan-Hwa Wu, "A method for quantization scale factor selection in MPEG2 video sequence encoding using a bilayer fuzzy expert system," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 32-37, Feb 1998.  Full Text Link

Abstract : This paper presents a method for intelligent selection of the quantization scale factor used for varying bit rate and quality in the MPEG2 video encoding standard. The goal is to select the quantization scale factor, above which noticeable quality degradation occurs. This method uses a bilayer fuzzy logic system to aggregate measurements taken on the block level. The rulebases are designed around the characteristics of the human visual system (HVS). A qualitatively sensitive quantization scale factor can be chosen by taking advantage of the HVS characteristics

1. 5.     M.S. Moellenhoff, M.W. Maier, "DCT transform coding of stereo images for multimedia applications ," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 38-43, Feb 1998.  Full Text Link

Abstract : One form of multimedia finding increasing utility in factory automation is stereo imaging. Its uses include remote operation, telepresence, and object positioning. Stereo imaging, with doubled frames, requires high data-rate collection and transmission. Image compression techniques can be utilized to reduce the transmission bandwidth and/or storage space requirements of the stereo pair. This paper develops image compression techniques specific to stereo imaging and compares the performance with nonstereo methods. Disparity compensated residual image coding exploits the redundancy between the two images in a stereo pair. Stereo residuals possess special features that can be exploited within a discrete cosine transform (DCT) image coding framework. Use of these features results in several decibels of performance enhancement across a range of scene types. This approach provides its best performance below 0.75 b/pixel bitrate for 8-b grayscale imagery and below 2 b/pixel for 24-b color imagery

1. 6.     M.Y.M. Chiu, K.-H.A. Yeung, "Partial video sequence caching scheme for VOD systems with heterogeneous clients," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 44-51, Feb 1998.  Full Text Link

Abstract : Video on demand (VOD) is one of the key applications in the information era. A hinge factor to its widespread use is the huge bandwidth required to transmit digitized video to a large group of clients with widely varying requirements. This paper addresses issues of heterogeneous clients by proposing a program caching scheme called the partial video sequence (PVS) caching scheme. The PVS caching scheme decomposes video sequences into a number of parts by using a scalable video compression algorithm. Video parts are selected to be cached in local video servers based on the amount of bandwidth that would be demanded from the distribution network and central video server if it was only kept in the central video server. We also show that the PVS caching scheme is suitable for handling vastly varying client requirements

1. 7.     Chung-Ju Chang, Chih-Hen Lin, Dah-Sheng Guan, Ray-Guang Cheng, "Design of a power-spectrum-based ATM connection admission controller for multimedia communications," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 52-59, Feb 1998.  Full Text Link

Abstract : This paper proposes a power-spectrum-based connection admission controller design in asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switches for multimedia communications. The controller contains a power-spectrum-indexed table for managing multimedia call requests, where traffic characteristics of call requests are described by the power spectrum. The power-spectrum can be obtained from the claimed traffic parameters of peak rate, mean rate, and peak rate duration; the power-spectrum has been shown to have a dominant effect on system performance. The results show that the proposed power-spectrum-based connection admission control method achieves higher system utilization and lower call-blocking probability than the equivalent-capacity allocation method

1. 8.     P.C. Ting, M.C. Yuang, "Dynamic multithreshold rate control mechanisms for supporting  ABR  traffic in ATM networks," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 60-68, Feb 1998.  Full Text Link

Abstract : Existing feedback-based rate control schemes supporting the available bit rate (ABR) service in ATM networks mostly employ a single static buffer threshold at each switching node as the forewarning of congestion. We first propose a continuous-based adaptive rate control mechanism, which employs, logically, an infinite number of thresholds. Each node periodically determines the precise permitted rate of immediate upstream nodes based on a simple fluid model aimed at satisfying both loss-free and starvation-free criteria. The scheme achieves high utilization and low (zero) cell-loss probability under highly bursty (deterministic) traffic, but at the expense of a drastic increase in signalling overhead due to frequent adjustment of permitted rates. To reduce overhead, we further propose a so-called stepwise-based rate control mechanism adopting a limited number of movable thresholds, referred to as the threshold set. The threshold set shifts up (down) reflecting the increase (decrease) in departure rates. Compared to continuous-based control via simulation, stepwise-based control is shown to be efficient and accurate using a reasonably low number of thresholds. Moreover, we also display simulation results, which demonstrate that the stepwise-based mechanism outperforms existing single-static-threshold-based schemes in terms of cell-loss probability and link utilization

1. 9.     M.C. Yuang, J.C. Liu, "QTS: a QOS-guaranteed transport system for broad-band multimedia communications," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 69-77, Feb 1998.  Full Text Link

Abstract : We propose a quality-of-service (QOS)-guaranteed transport system (QTS), which offers various QOSs at the transport layer for broad-band multimedia communications. The QTS, composed of a bandwidth allocator and a transport protocol module, supports three classes of applications requiring different bit rates, delay sensitivity, and loss sensitivity. The bandwidth allocator intelligently manages the allocation of transport-layer bandwidth at the expense of imposing inevitable blocking of delay-sensitive application connections. The transport protocol module of the QTS performs rate-based flow control for delay-sensitive applications based on transfer rates predetermined by the bandwidth allocator. In addition, the module accomplishes error control only for loss-sensitive applications. As a result, by providing guaranteed rates and reducing the error control overhead, the QTS offers satisfactory bounded delays and jitter for delay-sensitive applications, while incurring minimal throughput degradation for loss-sensitive applications. Finally, we demonstrate the superiority of the QTS over transmission control protocol (TCP) via simulation results in terms of maximum and mean system delays and delay jitter

1. 10.     J.R. Espinoza, G. Joos, "State variable decoupling and power flow control in PWM current-source rectifiers," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 78-87, Feb 1998.  Full Text Link

Abstract : Pulsewidth modulated (PWM) current-source rectifiers (CSR), among other alternatives, offer marked improvements over thyristor line-commutated rectifiers as a source of variable DC power. Advantages include reduced line current harmonic distortion and complete displacement power factor control, including unity displacement power factor operation. However, due to nonlinearities of the PWM-CSR model, their control has usually been carried out using direct line current control in a three-phase stationary frame (abc). This paper proposes the application of a nonlinear control technique that introduces more flexibility in the control of the rectifier and results in a more straightforward approach to controller design. The proposed technique is based on a nonlinear state variable feedback approach in the rotating frame (dq). The approach allows the independent control of the two components of the line current (active and reactive) with the same dynamic performance, regardless of the operating point. The control strategy also eliminates the need for input damping resistors and rejects the effect of supply voltage variations. Furthermore, a space vector modulation (SVM) technique is used to maximize the supply voltage utilization. This paper includes a complete formulation of the system equations and a controller design procedure. Experimental results on a 2 kVA digital-signal-processor-controlled prototype confirm the validity of theoretical considerations

1. 11.     Tsai-Fu Wu, Yu-Kai Chen, "A systematic and unified approach to modeling PWM DC/DC converters based on the graft scheme," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 88-98, Feb 1998.  Full Text Link

Abstract : A systematic and unified approach to modeling pulsewidth modulated (PWM) DC/DC converters based on the graft scheme is presented in this paper. With the graft scheme, the typical PWM switch-mode converters, such as buck-boost, boost-buck (Cuk), Sepic, and dual Sepic, can be generated from the two basic converters, buck and boost. The small signal models of these converters can, therefore, be derived by properly combining those of the buck and boost. Using the proposed approach can help to yield highly related dynamic models of the converters in a family and, in addition, physical insights into the converters can be readily identified. This has made the proposed modeling method valuable and viable

1. 12.     Chihchiang Hua, Jongrong Lin, Chihming Shen, "Implementation of a DSP-controlled photovoltaic system with peak power tracking," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 99-107, Feb 1998.  Full Text Link

Abstract : Photovoltaic systems normally use a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique to continuously deliver the highest possible power to the load when variations in the insulation and temperature occur. It overcomes the problem of mismatch between the solar arrays and the given load. A simple method of tracking the maximum power points (MPPs) and forcing the system to operate close to these points is presented. The principle of energy conservation is used to derive the large- and small-signal model and transfer function. By using the proposed model, the drawbacks of the state-space-averaging method can be overcome. The TI320C25 digital signal processor (DSP) was used to implement the proposed MPPT controller, which controls the DC/DC converter in the photovoltaic system. Simulations and experimental results show excellent performance

1. 13.     S.N. Vukosavic, M.R. Stojic, "Suppression of torsional oscillations in a high-performance speed servo drive," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 108-117, Feb 1998.  Full Text Link

Abstract : This paper deals with the problem of mechanical resonance in modern servo drive systems having the speed control loop bandwidth and resonance frequency above 100 Hz. To enable the extension of the range of stable gains in the presence of flexible coupling, a simple and straightforward modification of the speed loop controller is proposed in order to augment the performance of present speed controllers and to make them accordant with mechanical structure suffering from the compliance problem. This paper is comprised of the analytical considerations, straightforward design guidelines, and results of experimental verification obtained by an experimental setup with the elastically coupled 7-N m synchronous servo motor and mechanical resonance frequency of 160 Hz

1. 14.     T. Noguchi, K. Yamada, S. Kondo, I. Takahashi, "Initial rotor position estimation method of sensorless PM synchronous motor with no sensitivity to armature resistance," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 118-125, Feb 1998.  Full Text Link

Abstract : This paper proposes a new initial rotor position estimation method of a sensorless permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motor at starting condition, which has no sensitivity to the armature resistance. The method is based on saliency of the rotor and employs the alternating magnetic field which is excited by a current controller. The phase differences between the magnetizing current references and the voltage references make it possible to estimate the rotor direction accurately without motor parameters, except the ratio of direct axis and quadrature axis inductance. Also, the magnetic pole is evidently identified by detecting the voltage reference oscillation phenomena caused by magnetic saturation, which can be performed without motor parameters. The experimental result has proven that the estimation error was within -4.5 to +2.5 mechanical degrees, even though the armature resistance varied to 125% of the nominal value

1. 15.     V. Santibanez, R. Kelly, F. Reyes, "A new set-point controller with bounded torques for robot manipulators," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 126-133, Feb 1998.  Full Text Link

Abstract : In this paper, we propose a simple controller for set-point control of robot manipulators. The structure of this controller is composed by a saturated proportional-saturated derivative feedback plus gravity compensation. Such a control scheme has two practical features. First, for all desired joint positions, this controller delivers torques inside prescribed limits according to the actuator capability and second, the steady-state position errors owing to static friction can be arbitrarily reduced. In the case of absence of friction, we show global asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system. The performance of the proposed controller is illustrated via experiments on a two-degrees-of-freedom (2-DOF) direct-drive robot system

1. 16.     S. Mehta, J. Chiasson, "Nonlinear control of a series DC motor: theory and experiment," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 134-141, Feb 1998.  Full Text Link

Abstract : The control problem for a series DC motor is considered. Based on a nonlinear mathematical model of a series-connected DC motor, it is shown that the combination of a nonlinear transformation and state feedback (feedback linearization) reduces the nonlinear control design to a linear control design. To demonstrate its effectiveness, an experimental study of this controller is presented. These experimental results are also compared with a simulation of the closed-loop system. Finally, it is shown that a nonlinear observer (with linear error dynamics) for speed and load torque can be constructed based only on measurements of the motor current. Experimental results of this speed and load-torque estimator are also presented

1. 17.     H. Potlapalli, R.C. Luo, "Fractal-based classification of natural textures," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 142-150, Feb 1998.  Full Text Link

Abstract : Texture classification is an important first step in image segmentation and image recognition. The classification algorithm must be able to overcome distortions, such as scale, aspect and rotation changes in the input texture. In this paper, a new fractal model for texture classification is presented. The model is based on fractional Brownian motion (FBM). It is also shown that this model is invariant to changes in incident light; empirical results are also given. The isotropic nature of Brownian motion is particularly useful for outdoor applications, where the viewing direction may change. Classification results of this model are presented; comparisons with other texture measurement models indicate that the incremental FBM (IFBM) model has better performance for the samples tested

1. 18.     T.W.S. Chow, Yong Fang, "A recurrent neural-network-based real-time learning control strategy applying to nonlinear systems with unknown dynamics," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 151-161, Feb 1998.  Full Text Link

Abstract : In this paper, the authors present a real-time learning control scheme for unknown nonlinear dynamical systems using recurrent neural networks (RNNs). Two RNNs, based on the same network architecture, are utilized in the learning control system. One is used to approximate the nonlinear system, and the other is used to mimic the desired system response output. The learning rule is achieved by combining the two RNNs to form the neural network control system. A generalized real-time iterative learning algorithm is developed and used to train the RNNs. The algorithm is derived by means of two-dimensional (2-D) system theory that is different from the conventional algorithms that employ the steepest optimization to minimize a cost function. This paper shows that an RNN using the real-time iterative learning algorithm can approximate any trajectory tracking to a very high degree of accuracy. The proposed learning control scheme is applied to numerical problems, and simulation results are included. The results are very promising, and this paper suggests that the 2-D system theory-based RNN learning algorithm provides a new dimension in real-time neural control systems

1. 19.     Kit-Sang Tang, Kim-Fung Man, Zhi-Feng Liu, Sam Kwong, "Minimal fuzzy memberships and rules using hierarchical genetic algorithms," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 162-169, Feb 1998.  Full Text Link

Abstract : A new scheme to obtain optimal fuzzy subsets and rules is proposed. The method is derived from the use of genetic algorithms, where the genes of the chromosome are classified into two different types. These genes can be arranged in a hierarchical form, where one type of gene controls the other. The effectiveness of this genetic formulation enables the fuzzy subsets and rules to be optimally reduced and, yet, the system performance is well maintained. In this paper, the details of formulation of the genetic structure are given. The required procedures for coding the fuzzy membership function and rules into the chromosome are also described. To justify this approach to fuzzy logic design, the proposed scheme is applied to control a constant water pressure pumping system. The obtained results, as well as the associated final fuzzy subsets, are included in this paper. Because of its simplicity, the method could lead to a potentially low-cost fuzzy logic implementation

1. 20.     J. Teeter, Mo-Yuen Chow, "Application of functional link neural network to HVAC thermal dynamic system identification," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 170-176, Feb 1998.  Full Text Link

Abstract : Recent efforts to incorporate aspects of artificial intelligence into the design and operation of automatic control systems have focused attention on techniques such as fuzzy logic, artificial neural networks and expert systems. The use of computers for direct digital control highlights the recent trend toward more effective and efficient heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) control methodologies. Researchers in the HVAC field have stressed the importance of self-learning in building control systems and have encouraged further studies in the integration of optimal control and other advanced techniques into the formulation of such systems. Artificial neural networks can also be used to emulate the plant dynamics, in order to estimate future plant outputs and obtain plant input/output sensitivity information for online neural control adaptation. This paper describes a functional link neural network approach to performing the HVAC thermal dynamic system identification. Methodologies to reduce inputs of the functional link network to reduce the complexity and speed up the training speed are presented. Analysis and comparison between the functional link network approach and the conventional network approach for the HVAC thermal modeling are also presented

1. 21.     Young Ahn Kwon, "Computation of optimal excitation of a switched reluctance motor using variable voltage," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 177-180, Feb 1998.  Full Text Link

Abstract : This paper investigates the optimal excitation of a switched reluctance motor, such that overall drive efficiency is maximized under a variable supply voltage. The result presented in the paper exhibits the improved drive efficiency and the expanded range of operating torque and speed. Furthermore, the variable supply voltage may be utilized in reducing torque ripple

1. 22.     Kuo-Kai Shyu, Hsin-Jang Shieh, Sheng-Shang Fu, "Model reference adaptive speed control for induction motor drive using neural networks," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 180-182, Feb 1998.  Full Text Link

Abstract : A model reference adaptive speed control scheme using neural networks is presented. The robust observer-based model reference tracking control technique is used to establish the training patterns. Then, the trained neural networks are used as an adaptive speed controller to robustly track a reference model for an induction motor drive

1. 23.     A. Yoneya, T. Kondo, Y. Hashimoto, Y. Togari, "Two-valued PID controller," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 183-184, Feb 1998.  Full Text Link

Abstract : A discrete-time proportional integral derivative (PID) controller, the manipulated variable of which takes two values, i.e., ON and OFF, is proposed and analyzed. Oversampling technology is employed in the controller design. As to the structure of the controller, a cascade type and a built-in type are proposed. An experimental example is presented

1. 24.     M.R. Matausek, D.M. Miljkovic, B.I. Jeftenic, "Nonlinear multi-input-multi-output neural network control of DC motor drive with field weakening," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 185-187, Feb 1998.  Full Text Link

Abstract : A new multi-input-multi-output nonlinear control system, based on a simple and straightforward modification of the internal model control, is proposed. The nonlinear modified internal model control structure is completely defined by the inverse process model and guarantees the offset-free control. A feedforward neural network (NN) inverse model with one hidden layer and a small number of hidden neurons is successfully applied in a real-time control of the nonlinear process considered

 

Volume 45,  Number 2, Apr. 1998           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



2. 1.     Byungcho Choi, "Comparative study on paralleling schemes of converter modules for distributed power applications," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 194-199, Apr. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Three different paralleling schemes for multimodule converters are investigated. For each paralleling scheme, benefits and limitations are addressed for distributed power applications, and guidelines for designing the feedback controller are presented. Results of the analysis are verified by both frequency and time-domain simulations

2. 2.     A. Toba, T. Shimizu, G. Kimura, M. Shioya, S. Sano, "Auxiliary resonant commutated pole inverter using two internal voltage-points of DC source," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 200-206, Apr. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper presents a new auxiliary resonant commutated pole inverter that has series-connected batteries as the DC source. This inverter has two main switches and two auxiliary switches, and of all these devices achieve soft switching. The resonant operations are employed only during the commutating intervals; therefore, pulsewidth modulation (PWM) can be applied to the circuit. This circuit has the feature of using two internal voltage points of the DC source. Consequently, the circuit has the advantages of stability, simplicity in control, and high efficiency. The principle of the circuit operation and the experimental results are described in this paper

2. 3.     S.A. Chickamenahalli, J.J. Cathey, "A resonant-commutated-link variable-frequency converter," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 207-216, Apr. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A novel DC-link converter utilizing resonant commutation is presented. Since resonant commutation is accomplished, converter switches are thyristors (SCRs) with lower costs than forced commutated devices. Focus is on the variable-frequency operation of the converter, with potential application in variable-frequency custom power delivery or adjustable-speed motor drives. The converter operates with greater stored energy in the DC link, thus offering current holdup capabilities during a contingency which cannot be attained with a conventional resonant DC-link converter and achieves minimum switching losses without increased conduction losses. Harmonic elimination is achieved by employing sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation (SPWM) control of the converter. Simulation results and experimental validation of the resonant commutation of a low-voltage and low-power laboratory model are discussed. Work in progress and the scope of further work are discussed

2. 4.     Byoung-Kuk Lee, Bum-Seok Suh, Dong-Seok Hyun, "Design consideration for the improved Class-D inverter topology," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 217-227, Apr. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The characteristics and the superiority of the efficient snubber network for Class-D series resonant inverters are addressed in detail by comparison with conventional snubbers, i.e., the lossless capacitive snubber and the RC snubber, with respect to switching losses, overvoltage stresses, high-frequency resonant current stresses, and overall efficiency. Also, the optimal design scheme for it is considered and the analytical equations are derived in order to provide a straightforward and easy-to-design tool. The validity of the theoretical description is verified by testing on a 29-kHz MOSFET Class-D series resonant inverter rated at 1.2 kW

2. 5.     Jian Liu, Zhiming Chen, Zhong Du, "A new design of power supplies for pocket computer systems," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 228-235, Apr. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A new design of power supply based on the idea of switched capacitors, as applied to pocket computer systems, is presented. This new type of power supply is inductorless and, consequently, suitable for hybridization and even monolithic integration. The new design is also based on distinguishing characteristics of pocket digital computer systems, in which a switched-capacitor converter can work well, since minimal regulation is required. The new device may enable the pocket computer system to be powered by only one battery, resulting in a simple topology. Two switched-capacitor converters, +12 V/-12 V, +5 V and +5 V/+12 V, -12 V, are shown, respectively, as an example for demonstrating the basic principle and its performance. PSPICE simulation and laboratory models show good results for this new type of power supply

2. 6.     Min-Chin Lee, Jan-Bin Lio, Dan Y. Chen, Yie-Tone Chen, Yan-Pei Wu, "Small-signal modeling of multiple-output flyback converters in continuous conduction mode with weighted feedback," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 236-248, Apr. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A small-signal model of multiple-output flyback power converters is developed. From the model, closed-loop power converter performances, such as line regulation and load regulation, can be predicted. Based on the model, a design procedure for feedback compensation is suggested. The model is experimentally verified

2. 7.     Mu-Shen Lin, Wen-Jung Ho, Fu-Yuan Shih, Dan Y. Chen, Yan-Pei Wu, "A cold-cathode fluorescent lamp driver circuit with synchronous primary-side dimming control," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 249-255, Apr. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A novel synchronous primary-side dimming control scheme is proposed and tested for a cold-cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) driver circuit for liquid crystal display (LCD) backlight illumination display applications. This new control scheme features high efficiency, even-dimming sensitive adjustment, even-brightness control for a two-lamp system, less lamp flickering problems, stable feedback control and simplicity. An analysis of the circuit is given, from which a design example is presented

2. 8.     Rong-Jie Tu, Chern-Lin Chen, "A new space-vector-modulated control for a unidirectional three-phase switch-mode rectifier," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 256-262, Apr. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A unidirectional three-phase switch-mode rectifier that delivers sinusoidal input currents in phase with the corresponding input phase voltages is proposed and analyzed in this paper. In the proposed topology, three AC switches are placed before the bridge rectifier and, respectively, across two power lines. A simple control scheme combing space-vector modulation and hysteresis current control is presented. Sinusoidal input line currents are observed in experimental results

2. 9.     P. Verdelho, G.D. Marques, "DC voltage control and stability analysis of PWM-voltage-type reversible rectifiers," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 263-273, Apr. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A PWM voltage rectifier has useful characteristics on its DC and AC sides. On its DC side, a DC-link unidirectional voltage is obtained and bidirectional power transfer capability is possible by reversing the flow direction of the DC-link current. On its AC side, near sinusoidal current waveforms and AC four-quadrant operation can be obtained, leading to high-quality power being exchanged between the power converter and the mains. The use of AC filters becomes unnecessary. The rectifier DC voltage must be regulated to a constant value. In this paper, three solutions for the DC voltage control are presented. In the first solution, the DC voltage is controlled by acting upon the quadrature component of the power converter fundamental Park's voltages with relation to the mains voltages. Slow responses are necessary because of stability reasons. Also, load power variations produce both active and reactive power variations in the power converter AC side. To improve the DC voltage response, a second control solution is presented. The power converter currents in Park's coordinates must be controlled. The DC voltage is controlled by controlling the direct Park's current component and, thus, acting only on the active power of the converter AC side. Faster responses are achieved. In this case, load power variations do not produce reactive power variations in the converter AC side. The third control solution is a simplified version of this last one. Experimental results from a 2 kVA IGBT-based prototype showing good system dynamic performance are presented

2. 10.     M. Tomita, T. Senjyu, S. Doki, S. Okuma, "New sensorless control for brushless DC motors using disturbance observers and adaptive velocity estimations," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 274-282, Apr. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A brushless DC motor has been represented by a nonlinear equation. Therefore, it has been difficult to apply linear control theory to brushless DC motor systems. In this paper, to apply the linear control theory to brushless DC motor systems, the authors propose considering the nonlinear term of the equation as a disturbance and to realize a sensorless control of the brushless DC motor using both the disturbance observer and the adaptive velocity estimation. With proper pole locations of the disturbance observer, stability of the position estimation is guaranteed, and stability of the adaptive velocity estimation is also guaranteed by Popov's hyperstability theory. The experimental results show that the proposed method is very useful

2. 11.     Kichul Hong, Kwanghee Nam, "A load torque compensation scheme under the speed measurement delay ," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 283-290, Apr. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The average speed detection method involves a measurement delay, which can cause a serious instability problem to the unknown load torque observer. The instability can be cured by inserting an artificial delay into the torque-filtering path of the observer. Also, by utilizing the concept of the phase lead compensator, we propose a method of designing an arbitrary high-order low-pass filter (Q filter). Through the results of simulation and experiments, we show that our proposed method yields more robust and improved results than the conventional load torque observer

2. 12.     P. Koronki, H. Hashimoto, V. Utkin, "Direct torsion control of flexible shaft in an observer-based discrete-time sliding mode," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 291-296, Apr. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper presents a new speed control method for a two-mass system coupled by a flexible shaft. Two control loops are proposed; the outer angular speed control loop calculates the reference signal for the inner loop, where the torsion of the shaft is handled as a variable under control. In this paper, the observer-based discrete-time sliding-mode (ODSM) control implementation and experimental verification of direct torsion control is presented. The experimental system consists of a conventional DC servo gear motor with encoder feedback and inertia load coupled by a flexible shaft. The controller was implemented using a transputer as the computation engine

2. 13.     Chaio-Shiung Chen, Wen-Liang Chen, "Robust adaptive sliding-mode control using fuzzy modeling for an inverted-pendulum system," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 297-306, Apr. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : In this paper, a new robust adaptive control architecture is proposed for operation of an inverted-pendulum mechanical system. The architecture employs a fuzzy system to adaptively compensate for the plant nonlinearities and forces the inverted pendulum to track a prescribed reference model. When matching with the model occurs, the pendulum will be stabilized at an upright position and the cart should return to its zero position. The control scheme has a sliding control input to compensate for the modeling errors of the fuzzy system. The gain of the sliding input is automatically adjusted to a necessary level to ensure the stability of the overall system. Global asymptotic stability of the algorithm is established via Lyapunov's stability theorem. Experiments on an inverted-pendulum system are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed control structure

2. 14.     L.B. Gutierrez, F.L. Lewis, J.A. Lowe, "Implementation of a neural network tracking controller for a single flexible link: comparison with PD and PID controllers," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 307-318, Apr. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The objective of this paper is to show the results of the practical implementation of a neural network (NN) tracking controller on a single flexible link and compare its performance to that of proportional derivative (PD) and proportional integral derivative (PID) standard controllers. The NN controller is composed of an outer PD tracking loop, a singular perturbation inner loop for stabilization of the fast flexible-mode dynamics, and an NN inner loop used to feedback linearize the slow pointing dynamics. No off-line training or learning is needed for the NN. It is shown that the tracking performance of the NN controller is far better than that of the PD or PID standard controllers. An extra friction term was added in the tests to demonstrate the ability of the NN to learn unmodeled nonlinear dynamics

2. 15.     Pan-Mook Lee, Jun-Ho Oh, "Improvements on VSS-type self-tuning control for a tracking controller," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 319-325, Apr. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper points out that the VSS-type self-tuning controller of K. Furuta (see ibid., vol.40, p.37-44, 1993) can be improved by modifications of the sector with separate gains and the equivalent control algorithm. The controlled system is stable in the outside of the sector and ultimately bounded in the inside of the sector. The proposed VSS-type self-tuning controller prevents the fluctuation of the estimated parameters that can occur during the parameter adaptation. This controller, having reduced the switching sector, is actually applicable to the tracking control of discrete systems in the presence of parameter uncertainties

2. 16.     M. Vijay, C.S.R. Murthy, "Real-time simulation of dynamic systems on systolic arrays," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 326-332, Apr. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Systolic arrays have emerged as a powerful means for solving several computational problems of practical importance. This paper discusses the applicability of systolic arrays in the real-time simulation of dynamic systems. Systolic arrays are proposed for the simulation of dynamic systems which can be represented by a set of linear or nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Efficient techniques for solving the differential equations have been chosen in these systolic implementations, so that the real-time constraints can be satisfied, while maintaining both the stability and accuracy of the simulation. The complexity issues of the systolic implementations are also discussed. Conclusions are drawn regarding the efficiency and ease of using the systolic arrays, after comparison with the earlier solutions for this problem

2. 17.     K. Tanaka, T. Ikeda, "Absolute stability conditions in a fuzzy phase-lead compensation and their extension to MIMO systems," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 333-340, Apr. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper presents absolute stability conditions in a fuzzy phase-lead compensation and their extension to multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) systems. A theorem which realizes an effective phase-lead compensation is recalled. A so-called “transformation matrix” is derived in the theorem. A fuzzy phase-lead compensator (FPLC) is constructed by using the transformation matrix. The circle condition is employed to derive absolute stability conditions of feedback systems in a fuzzy phase-lead compensation. Next, a generalized class of FPLCs is defined, and its stability conditions are derived from the viewpoints of H∞ norm and quadratic stability. It is found that the stability conditions realize stability analysis not only for single-input-single-output (SISO) systems, but also for MIMO systems

2. 18.     A.M. Sabatini, A. Rocchi, "Sampled baseband correlators for in-air ultrasonic rangefinders," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 341-350, Apr. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Conventional in-air ultrasonic rangefinders for robotic applications employ inexpensive analog signal processing techniques, based on threshold methods, to perform range measurements. Digital signal processing techniques using correlation methods can provide more accurate measurements, at the expense of greater system complexity and cost. The authors propose using a modified second-order bandwidth sampling technique for making data acquisition concomitant with frequency shift of the sampled narrow-band signals from in-air ultrasonic transducers to their equivalent baseband representations. The reduction of the frequency-analyzing interval allows one to conceive sampled baseband correlators for multiple receiving transducers with a complexity comparable to that of analog receivers. They develop a procedure of sensor calibration that is based on a stochastic model of time-of-flight noise; the effect of the receiver noise on the ranging accuracy is, thus, evaluated separately from the effect, due to environmental changes of the speed of sound. The simulation study and the experimental results obtained with their demonstration system offer promise for multichannel sampled baseband correlators, the time-of-flight estimation accuracy of which is close to the theoretical Cramer-Rao (CR) lower bound for signals in additive white Gaussian noise

2. 19.     Wen-Chiang Huang, Chwan-Hwa Wu, "Adaptive color image processing and recognition for varying backgrounds and illumination conditions," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 351-357, Apr. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The paper presents a fuzzy-based method for recognizing color objects in a complex background under varying illumination. Fuzzy rules are generated using a fuzzy associative memory (FAM) training method to cope with chromatic distortion. The color model used is the hue, saturation, and value (HSV) color model. The authors propose a unique adaptive fuzzy system, motivated by the human vision system's color constancy, in order to accommodate varying background color and illumination conditions, as well as incorrect focus of the camera. This adaptive system can adjust the fuzzy rules dynamically based on the properties of surrounding pixels in order to make a decision. The proposed method is tested on a two-hour video tape captured by a GPSVan, in which real-world scenes may have incorrect video camera focus, color distortions, and varying illumination conditions. Experimental results are reported and analyzed

2. 20.     Song-Yi Lin, Chern-Lin Chen, "Analysis and design for RCD clamped snubber used in output rectifier of phase-shift full-bridge ZVS converters," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 358-359, Apr. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Detailed analysis and parameter design for a resistor-capacitor-diode (RCD) clamped snubber used in the output rectifier of phase-shift full-bridge zero-voltage-switching (PS-FB-ZVS) power converters are presented. Design equations and some properties of the clamped circuit are also highlighted

2. 21.     Che-Ming Lee, Chern-Lin Chen, "Speed sensorless vector control of induction motor using Kalman-filter-assisted adaptive observer," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 359-361, Apr. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This letter presents a new method of estimating rotor speed of an induction motor. The new method is based on an adaptive flux observer. A second-order Kalman filter is then employed to modify the estimated rotor flux. Experimental results show that the new method has better accuracy in following the speed command under heavy loads

2. 22.     C.S. Ng, T.S. Yeo, "Effects of interline coupling on bit error rate for high-speed digital signal propagation on PCB," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 362-364, Apr. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : In this letter, we investigate the effects of interline coupling on the bit error rate (BER) for various combinations of the physical parameters of two parallel microstrip lines. Numerical results based on two signal recovery methods, the impulse sampling method and the integrate-sample-and-dump method, are generated to aid printed circuit board (PCB) design for high-frequency applications

2. 23.     S. Valiviita, S.J. Ovaska, "Delayless acceleration measurement method for elevator control," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 364-366, Apr. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Accurate sensing of acceleration could provide improved performance for elevator control. Acceleration control is, however, seldom implemented, due to the unsatisfactory results of most acceleration measurement methods. We propose a polynomial predictive differentiator which delaylessly differentiates the available velocity signal. Polynomial prediction is justified, because the acceleration curve can be modeled accurately by a piecewise polynomial

 

 

Volume 45,  Number 3, Jun. 1998           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



3. 1.     J.W. Kolar, H. Ertl, F.C. Zach, "How to include the dependency of the R/sub DS(on/) of power MOSFETs on the instantaneous value of the drain current into the calculation of the conduction losses of high-frequency three-phase PWM inverters," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 369-375, Jun. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : In this paper, the conduction losses of power MOSFETs are calculated analytically for application in three-phase voltage DC-link pulsewidth modulation (PWM) power converter systems. Contrary to a conventional calculation, the dependency of the turn-on behavior on the drain current is considered in terms of a quadratic approximation. The derived relationships are represented graphically; they can be included directly into the dimensioning of the power transistors

3. 2.     Soon Yong Yang, Min Cheol Lee, Man Hyung Lee, S. Arimoto, "Measuring system for development of stroke-sensing cylinder for automatic excavator," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 376-384, Jun. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : In order to develop a stroke-sensing cylinder for automatic excavators equipped with Hall sensors of GaAs type, a measuring test facility is set up and used in investigating the design parameters. The measuring system itself is a kind of XZ table with two moving axes in X and Z directions, respectively, on which sensing parts, including Hall sensors, are installed. Furthermore, to attain a high precision of movement of the measuring system, a new sliding mode control is introduced, which diminishes chattering in the control loop by setting two dead zones along the switching line. The unknown parameters for sliding mode control are estimated by a signal compression method. The output signal from a Hall sensor was analyzed by using a measuring instrument. In particular, the detected signal according to the Hall sensor's movement on the piston rod, which has a magnetic scale, was investigated and the vertical distance between the Hall sensor and the piston rod, which gives direct effects on the detected signal, was obtained. Based on these results, the stroke-sensing cylinder was designed and fabricated

3. 3.     S.J. Chiang, K.T. Chang, C.Y. Yen, "Residential photovoltaic energy storage system," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 385-394, Jun. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper introduces a residential photovoltaic (PV) energy storage system, in which the PV power is controlled by a DC-DC power converter and transferred to a small battery energy storage system (BESS). For managing the power, a pattern of daily operation considering the load characteristic of the homeowner, the generation characteristic of the PV power, and the power-leveling demand of the electric utility is prescribed. The system looks up the pattern to select the operation mode, so that powers from the PV array, the batteries and the utility are utilized in a cost-effective manner. As for the control of the system, a novel control technique for the maximum power-point tracking (MPPT) of the PV array is proposed, in which the state-averaged model of the DC-DC power converter, including the dynamic model of the PV array, is derived. Accordingly, a high-performance discrete MPPT controller that tracks the maximum power point with zero-slope regulation and current-mode control is presented. With proposed arrangements on the control of the BESS and the current-to-power scaling factor setting, the DC-DC power converter is capable of combining with the BESS for performing the functions of power conditioning and active power filtering. An experimental 600 W system is implemented, and some simulation and experimental results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system

3. 4.     Jung-Goo Cho, Ju-Won Baek, Dong-Wook Yoo, Hong-Sik Lee, "Reduced conduction loss zero-voltage-transition power factor correction converter with low cost," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 395-400, Jun. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A new low conduction loss low-cost zero-voltage-transition (ZVT) power factor correction converter (PFC) is presented. The conventional PFC, which consists of a bridge diode rectifier and a boost converter (one active switch), always has three semiconductor conduction drops. The two-switch-type PFC, which was presented recently, reduces conduction loss by reducing one conduction drop, but the cost is increased because of one additional switch. The proposed PFC reduces conduction loss with one switch. Conduction loss reduction is a little bit less than that of the two-switch type, but it is achieved with low cost. Operation, features, and characteristics are comparatively illustrated and verified by the experimental results from a 2.5-kW 100-kHz laboratory prototype

3. 5.     D. Casadei, G. Serra, A. Tani, "Reduction of the input current harmonic content in matrix converters under input/output unbalance," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 401-411, Jun. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper deals with the performance evaluation of space-vector-modulated matrix power converters under input and output unbalanced conditions. Two control strategies of the input current displacement angle are presented and compared in order to emphasize their influence on the input current harmonic content. The first is based on keeping the input current vector in phase with the input voltage vector. In the second, the input current displacement angle is dynamically modulated as a function of positive- and negative-sequence components of the input voltages. In both cases, the harmonic content and the three-phase RMS value of the input current have been evaluated analytically. The input current harmonic spectrum is quite different for the two control strategies and can be related to the input and output unbalance. It has been verified that, in the usual case of balanced output conditions, using the second method, it is possible to eliminate the harmonic components of the input current. Some numerical simulations are presented to confirm the analytical results

3. 6.     K. Shinoda, T. Suetsugu, M. Matsuo, S. Mori, "Analysis of phase-controlled resonant DC-AC inverters with class E amplifier and frequency multipliers," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 412-420, Jun. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper presents a minute analysis and experimental results of phase-controlled resonant DC-AC inverters with class E amplifiers and frequency multipliers. The circuit is composed of two identical class E amplifiers or frequency multipliers, which are used as DC-AC inverters and connected in parallel. The two inverters are driven at the same switching frequency, and the overall output power of the circuit can be controlled by varying the phase shift between the drive voltages of the two inverters. The circuit can regulate the output voltage at a constant switching frequency. The measured efficiency was over 93% at an output power of 0.98 W and a switching frequency of 0.5 MHz for both of the inverters with amplifier and frequency doubler

3. 7.     B.K.H. Wong, Henry Shu-Hung Chung, "Steady-state analysis of PWM DC/DC switching regulators using iterative cycle time-domain simulation," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 421-432, Jun. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A new iterative technique for the steady-state analysis of pulsewidth modulated (PWM) DC/DC switching regulators is presented. The methodology is based on transforming the closed-loop regulator into an open-loop configuration. The steady-state solution is solved by two iteration loops. The first loop is to find the steady-state state variables when the power converter is at a fixed duty cycle. The circuit waveforms are obtained by a stepwise time-domain simulation method, which is based on using stepwise quadratic formulation of the circuit state variables with progressive analysis of the switches' states. The second iteration loop is to determine the steady-state duty cycle of the PWM modulator output, using an explicit “fictitious” ramp offset value as the error index. This two-loop iteration approach lessens the occurrence of the nonconvergence problem that is sometimes found in the single-loop iteration method. Furthermore, the advantages of this method include the following: (1) substantial improvement in speeding up the convergence to steady-state solution; (2) simplicity in requiring simple algebraic manipulations; (3) generality in determining valid topology without prior knowledge of the regulator operation; and (4) directness in determining the switching instants. Several examples illustrating the computational efficiency and the accuracy are presented and are verified with the available literature

3. 8.     S.A. Bortoff, R.R. Kohan, R. Milman, "Adaptive control of variable reluctance motors: a spline function approach," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 433-444, Jun. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper considers nonlinear adaptive control of a variable reluctance motor (VRM) in a low-velocity high-torque mode of operation. A simple dynamic model for the relationship among electric torque, rotor angular position, and phase currents is proposed. The model incorporates spline functions and a set of “Fourier” sinusoids and captures several experimentally verified VRM characteristics, including flux saturation effects. Based on this model, an adaptive controller is derived using the certainty equivalence principle. The controller provides asymptotic tracking of a desired rotor position trajectory. So-called “torque-sharing functions” are employed to smooth the commutation among phases and to increase the peak torque available from the motor, when compared to “hard” commutation that energizes only one phase at a time. Experimental results from a laboratory VRM provide motivation for the model and illustrate the controller's design and trajectory tracking performance

3. 9.     Hwi-Beon Shin, "New antiwindup PI controller for variable-speed motor drives," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 445-450, Jun. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The windup phenomenon appears and results in performance degradation when the proportional-integral (PI) controller output is saturated. A new antiwindup PI controller is proposed to improve the control performance of variable-speed motor drives, and it is experimentally applied to the speed control of a vector-controlled induction motor driven by a pulsewidth modulated (PWM) voltage-source inverter (VSI). The integral state is separately controlled, corresponding to whether the PI controller output is saturated or not. The experimental results show that the speed response has much improved performance, such as small overshoot and fast settling time, over the conventional antiwindup technique. Although the operating speed command is changed, similar control performance can be obtained by using the PI gains selected in the linear region

3. 10.     Seul Jung, T.C. Hsia, "Neural network impedance force control of robot manipulator," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 451-461, Jun. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The performance of an impedance controller for robot force tracking is affected by the uncertainties in both the robot dynamic model and environment stiffness. The purpose of this paper is to improve the controller robustness by applying the neural network (NN) technique to compensate for the uncertainties in the robot model. NN control techniques are applied to two impedance control methods: torque-based and position-based impedance control, which are distinguished by the way of the impedance functions being implemented. A novel error signal is proposed for the NN training. In addition, a trajectory modification algorithm is developed to determine the reference trajectory when the environment stiffness is unknown. The robustness analysis of this algorithm to force sensor noise and inaccurate environment position measurement is also presented. The performances of the two NN impedance control schemes are compared by computer simulations. Simulation results based on a three-degrees-of-freedom robot show that highly robust position/force tracking can be achieved in the presence of large uncertainties and force sensor noise

3. 11.     V. Ramachandran, "Evaluation of performance criteria of CNC machine tool drive system ," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 462-468, Jun. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The stability, steady-state error analysis, damping factor, and setting time of discrete data drives for computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools are analyzed to obtain the necessary information for the design of a practical system. The stability of the drive is reviewed using Jury's test and the Mitrovic criterion. The variation of damping factor and settling time with respect to system parameters are presented based on the Mitrovic criterion

3. 12.     Fan-Tien Cheng, Jeng-Shi Chen, Fan-Chu Kung, "Study and resolution of singularities for a 7-DOF redundant manipulator," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 469-480, Jun. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The singularity problem of a 7-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) redundant manipulator is analyzed, and a new resolution method is proposed. In this paper, the singularities are decoupled into the position singularities and the orientation singularity by the technique of workspace decomposition, then all singularity conditions for both cases are derived, and the new singularity avoidance (NSA) method is proposed. The NSA method resolves the escapable singularities which can be reconfigured into a nonsingular posture via self motion. Unlike some existing methods, the NSA method considers the position singularities and the orientation singularity separately. This method only needs to optimize two order-3 minors, one for the 3×4 Jacobian translational submatrix and the other for the 3×7 Jacobian rotational submatrix. Therefore, the computation for the optimization is greatly reduced. Three examples are presented to demonstrate the generality and efficiency of this new method

3. 13.     Kit-Sang Tang, Kim-Fung Man, Sam Kwong, Zhi-Feng Liu, "Design and optimization of IIR filter structure using hierarchical genetic algorithms," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 481-487, Jun. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A new genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed for digital filter design. This scheme utilizes a new hierarchical multilayer gene structure for the chromosome formulation. This is a unique structure, which retains the conventional genetic operations, while the genes may take various forms to represent the system characteristics. As a result, both the system structure and the parametric variables can be optimized in a simultaneous manner, without extra computational cost and effort. It has been demonstrated that this technique not only fulfils all types of filter performance requirements, but that the lowest order of the filter can also be found

3. 14.     T. Mita, M. Hirata, K. Murata, H. Zhang, "H∞ control versus disturbance-observer-based control," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 488-495, Jun. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : In the motion control field, a disturbance observer-based disturbance canceling control is often used as a robust control methodology. However, this method is nothing more than an alternative design of an integral controller, and the robust stability issue cannot be directly accounted for. In this paper, an extended H∞ control scheme is proposed as a new robust motion control method which achieves the disturbance cancellation ability and guarantees robust stability automatically

3. 15.     Guang Geng, G.M. Geary, "The control of input-constrained nonlinear processes using numerical generalized predictive control methods," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 496-501, Jun. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A generalized predictive control algorithm based on numerical methods has been developed to cope with some of the practical control problems, such as input constraints, rate limits, and nonlinearities of industrial processes. Using numerical methods, different cost functions can be minimized to achieve the desired control performance without any significant change to the control algorithm. The results from a system used for an air-handling plant are given, in order to demonstrate the potential of this algorithm

3. 16.     L.K. Wong, F.H.F. Leung, P.K.S. Tam, "Lyapunov-function-based design of fuzzy logic controllers and its application on combining controllers," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 502-509, Jun. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper presents the design of fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs) for nonlinear systems with guaranteed closed-loop stability and its application on combining controllers. The design is based on heuristic fuzzy rules. Although each rule in the FLC refers to a stable closed-loop subsystem, the overall system stability cannot be guaranteed when all these rules are applied together. In this paper, it is proved that if each subsystem is stable in the sense of Lyapunov (ISL) under a common Lyapunov function, the overall system is also stable ISL. Since no fuzzy plant model is involved, the number of subsystems generated is relatively small, and the common Lyapunov function can be found more easily. To probe further, an application of this design approach to an inverted pendulum system that combines a sliding-mode controller (SMC) and a state feedback controller (SFC) is reported. Each rule in this FLC has an SMC or an SFC in the consequent part. The role of the FLC is to schedule the final control under different antecedents. The stability of the whole system is guaranteed by the proposed design approach. More importantly, the controller thus designed can keep the advantages and remove the disadvantages of the two conventional controllers

3. 17.     K. Kobayashi, K.C. Cheok, K. Watanabe, F. Munekata, "Accurate differential global positioning system via fuzzy logic Kalman filter sensor fusion technique," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 510-518, Jun. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The ability to determine an accurate global position of a vehicle has many useful commercial and military applications. The differential global positioning system (DGPS) is one of the practical navigation tools used for this purpose. However, the DGPS has limitations arising from slow updates, signal interference, and limited accuracy. This paper describes how vehicle rate sensors ran be used to help a DGPS overcome these limitations. The theoretical background for the sensor fusion is based on the principle of Kalman filtering and a fuzzy logic scheme. Validity of the method was verified by using experimental data from an actual automobile navigating around an urban area. The results demonstrated that the path of the automobile can be continuously traced with high accuracy and repeatability, in spite of the limitations of the DGPS

3. 18.     S. Ben-Yaakov, I. Zehser, "PWM converters with resistive input," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 519-520, Jun. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : An average modeling methodology is proposed for deriving pulsewidth modulation (PWM) programming rules that cause DC-DC converters to look resistive at the input terminals. The method can be useful in the design of active power factor correctors that do not need to sense the input voltage

3. 19.     E.A. Vendrusculo, J.A. Pomilio, "Soft commutation in capacitive idling converters," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 521-522, Jun. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The capacitive idling converters derived from the Cuk, SEPIC, Zeta, and flyback topologies allow soft commutation of power switches without the need for additional circuitry, making it possible to increase the switching frequency while maintaining high efficiency

3. 20.     Jong-Woo Choi, Seung-Ki Sol, "Design of fast-response current controller using d-q axis cross coupling: application to permanent magnet synchronous motor drive," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 522-524, Jun. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A new current controller, which has both fast transient response in the transient state and high accuracy in the steady state, is proposed. In this scheme, a reference modification part is incorporated with the generally used synchronous frame proportional integral (PI) controller for the fast transient response. Through experimental results, it is observed that the proposed controller has much less transient time than the conventional synchronous PI regulator
3. 21.     Tsai-Fu Wu, Te-Hung Yu, Yong-Jing Wu, "A microprocessor-based toggle-control lighting system," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 525-528, Jun. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Analysis, design, practical consideration, and implementation of a microprocessor-based toggle-control lighting system are presented. The system is primarily configured with a power factor corrector (PFC), a square-wave voltage generator, a manually controlled toggle switch, and two relays. Toggling the toggle switch can select a different number of lamps in operation, resulting in a mutual dimming feature. A fluorescent lamp lighting system with this specific ballast gains the merits of lower system cost and more flexibilities in lighting fixture design, as compared to conventional systems

 

Volume 45,  Number 4, Aug. 1998           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



4. 1.     Ching-Tsai Pan, Jenn-Jong Shieh, "A family of closed-form duty cycle control laws for three-phase boost AC/DC converter," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 530-543, Aug. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : In this paper, a basic closed-form duty cycle control law is first derived for the proposed AC/DC converter to achieve clean sinusoidal input current, adjustable DC voltage, controllable power factor and bidirectional power flow capability, and fixed switching frequency, without using any current sensor. Then, a second dead-band scheme is derived from the previous basic form to achieve the same function and to reduce switching loss and thermal stress. Similarly, a four-switch scheme is also derived to provide a new operation mode to enhance the reliability of the converter. Modified control laws of the above family are also considered to handle the effect of unbalanced input voltage. It is very interesting to see that a unified theory can be used to give the above family of duty cycle control laws under both balanced and unbalanced input voltage. Some simulation and experimental results are presented for verification

4. 2.     E. Dallago, G. Sasone, M. Storti, G. Venchi, "Experimental analysis and comparison on a power factor controller including a delta-sigma processing stage," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 544-551, Aug. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Monolithic ICs allow simple and cheap single-phase power factor correction (PFC) systems to be implemented. They contain an analog multiplier, the transfer characteristic of which may be nonlinear. In this paper, the delta-sigma (ΔΣ) modulation technique is applied to fully implement the algebraic operations of a PFC system's multiplier block. A ΔΣ multiplier prototype was breadboarded and inserted in a PFC control loop based on a commercial IC. The experimental results regarding the AC line current distortion are reported and compared with those obtained from the built-in analog multiplier of the IC. The benefits on the total harmonic distortion (THD) on the AC side are highlighted

4. 3.     Gun-Woo Moon, Chung-Wook Roh, Jun-Young Lee, Myung-Joon Choo, "Magnetic-coupled high power factor converter with low line current harmonic distortions for power factor correction and fast output response," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 552-558, Aug. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A new magnetic-coupled high power factor converter (MCHPFC) with a single switch/single stage is proposed. The proposed converter gives good power factor correction, low current harmonic distortions, and tight output voltage regulation. The prototype shows that the IEC555-2 requirements are met satisfactorily with nearly unity power factor. A proposed MCHPFC is particularly suited for low-power-level power supply applications

4. 4.     S. Valiviita, S.J. Ovaska, "Delayless method to generate current reference for active filters ," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 559-567, Aug. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Active power filters are used to eliminate AC harmonic currents by injecting equal but opposite compensating currents. Successful control of active filters requires, among other things, an accurate current reference. In this paper, we introduce a multistage adaptive filtering system which generates the current reference delaylessly and accurately. Our filter structure combines a low-pass prefilter and an adaptive predictive filter, making it possible to extract the sinusoidal active current from the distorted waveform without harmful phase shift, even when the frequency and amplitude alter simultaneously. Although active filters are typically used to compensate for the supply harmonics, where the fundamental frequency remains almost constant, we will show that our filter structure can also be applied in applications where the frequency alters rapidly

4. 5.     J. Leyva-Ramos, J.A. Morales-Saldana, "A design criteria for the current gain in current-programmed regulators," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 568-573, Aug. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The design of the inner loop for current-programmed regulators is discussed in this paper. The effect that current gain has on the quality factor Q of the LC filter is shown. A methodology is derived to reduce this value that, in most cases, can be very high. A high quality factor can produce drastic changes with undesirable effects on regulator stability. A low quality factor will produce two real poles with a consequent reduction in the current response. After the proper selection of the current gain is done, the design procedure for the proportional integral controller of the outer loop can be continued. The design-oriented analysis is applicable to the three basic switch-mode pulsewidth modulation converters, i.e. buck, boost and buck-boost. At the end, the procedure is applied to a 280 W boost regulator that shows the simplicity of this approach

4. 6.     S. Senini, P.J. Wolfs, "The coupled inductor filter: analysis and design for AC systems," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 574-578, Aug. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Coupled inductors have been used in specific DC-to-DC converters to provide ripple-current steering. Switching ripple currents may be preferentially directed away from a source or a load. This paper shows that general purpose filters can be produced using coupled inductors and capacitors. These are equally applicable to AC and DC applications. A transfer function is developed for a filter based on a coupled inductor and capacitor. The resulting filter is third order and is significantly more effective than an inductor. The sensitivity of the filter to errors in the turns ratio is examined. Finally, results from an experimental power factor correction circuit are presented

4. 7.     Kuen-Der Wu, Hurng-Liahng Jou, "A new peak detection method for the three-phase sinusoidal signals ," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 579-584, Aug. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : An instantaneous amplitude detection method for the three-phase sinusoidal signals is proposed. The proposed method can measure the amplitude of the three-phase signals without any delay by using only two of the three-phase signals. The performance of this method under the ideal and nonideal conditions is analyzed. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed method, an electronic circuit for implementing this method is developed and tested

4. 8.     J.A. Ferreira, J.A. Roux, "A series resonant converter for arc-striking applications," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 585-592, Aug. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Initiation of a plasma conduction state requires a relatively large voltage to ionize the gas. A new version of the series resonant converter is proposed that uses the magnetizing inductance of the transformer for resonance. This converter is not suitable for most power supply applications, but the unique load characteristics associated with plasma loads make this type of converter well suited for arc striking, while allowing safe operation during the plasma state. A feature of the resonant converter is that the controller need not be complex, thus making it suitable for application in competitive industrial systems. Possible transformer configurations are investigated, which include an air core and a number of ferrite cored transformers. The series resonant converter with the best-suited transformer is verified experimentally in a tungsten inert gas welding application

4. 9.     Ching-Jung Tseng, Chern-Lin Chen, "A passive lossless snubber cell for nonisolated PWM DC/DC converters," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 593-601, Aug. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A passive lossless snubber cell is proposed to improve the turn-on and turnoff transients of the MOSFETs in nonisolated pulsewidth modulated (PWM) DC/DC converters. Switching losses and EMI noise are reduced by restricting di/dt of the reverse-recovery current and dv/dt of the drain-source voltage. The MOSFET operates at zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) turnoff and near zero-current-switching (ZCS) turn-on. The freewheeling diode is also commutated under ZVS. As an example, operation principles, theoretical analysis, relevant equations, and experimental results of a boost converter equipped with the proposed snubber cell are presented in detail. Efficiency of 96% has also been measured in the experimental results reported for a 1 kW 100 kHz prototype in the laboratory, Six basic nonisolated PWM DC/DC converters (buck, boost, buck-boost, Cuk, Sepic, and Zeta) equipped with the proposed general snubber cells are also shown in this paper

4. 10.     Zaohong Yang, P.C. Sen, "A novel switch-mode DC-to-AC inverter with nonlinear robust control ," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 602-608, Aug. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A switch-mode DC-to-AC inverter based on a DC-to-DC converter topology using a novel nonlinear robust control to generate a sinusoidal output waveform is presented. The control scheme is based on simultaneous feedback of the output voltage and feedforward of the input voltage and inductor voltage. As a result, the output voltage remains dynamically unchanged when there are large disturbances in input voltage or load current. The nature of the control law is explained. Computer simulation results show the robustness and fast dynamical response of the control system. The experimental results are presented to verify the analysis and demonstrate the feasibility of the control strategy

4. 11.     Yie-Tone Chen, Fu-Yuan Shih, "New multi-output switching converters with MOSFET-rectifier post regulators," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 609-616, Aug. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A new multi-output switching power converter is proposed. The new power converter can reduce conduction losses and achieve tight regulation. The small-signal model of the new power converter has also been developed and experimentally verified. Based on the proposed scheme and the analysis of the small-signal model, high-performance and high-efficiency multi-output switching power converters can be achieved

4. 12.     Jinhwan Jung, Kwanghee Nam, "A vector control scheme for EV induction motors with a series iron loss model," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 617-624, Aug. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Electric vehicle (EV) motors are characterized by their low inductance and high current density, so that they run at high speed and produce a high starting torque. Due to the low inductance coil design, the current ripple caused by pulsewidth modulation (PWM) switching makes a significant amount of eddy-current loss and hysteresis loss, especially in high-speed operation. If one simply neglects the iron loss, the overall vector controller is detuned, resulting in an error in the torque control. The iron loss is modeled, in general, by a parallel resistor RM to the magnetizing inductor LM. The authors propose a series R-L model that accounts for the effects of the iron loss. A major advantage of the series model is that it does not increase the number of state variables in developing a vector control. In this paper, they derive a rotor-flux-oriented flux error, orientation angle error, and torque error caused by iron loss. Finally, they demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method through computer simulation and experimental results

4. 13.     Hyeoun-Dong Lee, Seung-Ki Sul, "Fuzzy-logic-based torque control strategy for parallel-type hybrid electric vehicle," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 625-632, Aug. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : In a parallel-type hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), torque assisting and battery recharging control using the electric machine is the key point for efficient driving. In this paper, by adopting the decision-making property of fuzzy logic, the driving map for an HEV is made according to driving conditions. In this fuzzy logic controller, the induction machine torque command is generated from the acceleration pedal stroke and its rotational speed. To construct a proper rule base of fuzzy logic, the dynamo test and road tests for a hybrid powertrain are carried out, where the torque and the nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission characteristic of the diesel engine and the driver's driving patterns are acquired, respectively. An HEV, a city bus for shuttle service, with the proposed fuzzy-logic-based driving strategy was built and tested at a real service route. It reveals that the improved NOx emission and better charge balance without an extra battery charger over the conventional deterministic-table-based strategy

4. 14.     A. Bartoszewicz, "Discrete-time quasi-sliding-mode control strategies," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 633-637, Aug. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : In this paper, discrete-time quasi-sliding-mode control systems are considered. A new definition describing the quasi-sliding mode as a motion of the system, such that its state always remains in a certain band around the sliding hyperplane, is introduced. Then, two novel reaching laws satisfying conditions of the definition are proposed and applied to the design of appropriate linear control strategies which drive the state of the controlled system to a band around the sliding hyperplane. Consequently, the undesirable chattering and high-frequency switching between different values of the control signal are avoided. The strategies, when compared with previously published results, guarantee better robustness, faster error convergence, and improved steady-state accuracy of the system. Furthermore, better performance of the system is achieved using essentially reduced control effort

4. 15.     Moon-Noh Lee, Jung-Ho Moon, Kyoung Bog Jin, Myung Jin Chung, "Robust H∞ control with multiple constraints for the track-following system of an optical disk drive," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 638-645, Aug. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : In this paper, the authors design a tracking controller which satisfies transient response specifications and maintains tracking error within a tolerable limit for the uncertain track-following system of an optical disk drive. To this end, a robust H∞ control problem, with regional stability constraints and sinusoidal disturbance rejection is considered. The internal model principle is used for rejecting the sinusoidal disturbance caused by eccentric rotation of the disk. The authors show that a condition satisfying the regional stability constraints can be expressed in terms of a linear matrix inequality (LMI) using the Lyapunov theory and S-procedure. Finally, a tracking controller is obtained by solving an LMI optimization problem involving two LMIs. The proposed controller design method is evaluated through an experiment

4. 16.     Shih-Tin Lin, Ang-Kiong Huang, "Hierarchical fuzzy force control for industrial robots," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 646-653, Aug. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : In this paper, we present a hierarchical force control framework consisting of a high-level control system based on fuzzy logic and the existing motion control system of a manipulator in the low level. In order to adapt various contact conditions, an adaptable fuzzy force control scheme has been proposed to improve the performance. The ability of the adaptable force control system is achieved by tuning the scaling factor of the fuzzy logic controller (FLC). A Mitsubishi MELFA RV-M1 industrial robot equipped with a BL Force/Torque sensor is utilized for implementing the hierarchical fuzzy force control system. Successful experiments for various contact motions are carried out. Additionally, discussion of a peg-in-hole insertion is presented, and the experimental results are given

4. 17.     R. Gutierrez-Osuna, J.A. Janet, R.C. Luo, "Modeling of ultrasonic range sensors for localization of autonomous mobile robots," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 654-662, Aug. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper presents a probabilistic model of ultrasonic range sensors using backpropagation neural networks trained on experimental data. The sensor model provides the probability of detecting mapped obstacles in the environment, given their position and orientation relative to the transducer. The detection probability can be used to compute the location of an autonomous vehicle from those obstacles that are more likely to be detected. The neural network model is more accurate than other existing approaches, since it captures the typical multilobal detection pattern of ultrasonic transducers. Since the network size is kept small, implementation of the model on a mobile robot can be efficient for real-time navigation. An example that demonstrates how the credence could be incorporated into the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and the numerical values of the final neural network weights are provided in the appendices

4. 18.     T.W.S. Chow, Hong-Zhou Tan, "Semiblind identification of nonminimum-phase ARMA models via order recursion with higher order cumulants," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 663-671, Aug. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper develops a novel identification methodology for nonminimum-phase autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models of which the models' orders are not given. It is based on the third-order statistics of the given noisy output observations and assumed input random sequences. The semiblind identification approach is thereby named. By the order-recursive technique, the model orders and parameters can be determined simultaneously by minimizing well-defined cost functions. At each updated order, the AR and MA parameters are estimated without computing the residual time series (RTS), with the result of decreasing the computational complexity and memory consumption. Effects of the AR estimation error on the MA parameters estimation are also reduced. Theoretical statements and simulations results, together with practical application to the train vibration signals' modeling, illustrate that the method provides accurate estimates of unknown linear models, despite the output measurements being corrupted by arbitrary Gaussian noises of unknown pdf

4. 19.     K.S. Low, "A digital control technique for a single-phase PWM inverter," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 672-674, Aug. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper describes the closed-loop control of a single-phase pulsewidth modulated (PWM) inverter using the generalized predictive control (GPC) algorithm. This approach determines the desired switching signals by minimizing a cost function that reduces the tracking error and the control signals. Experimental results have demonstrated that the prototype system performs well

4. 20.     Ching-Jung Tseng, Chern-Lin Chen, "On the ZVT-PWM Cuk converter," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 674-677, Aug. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A modified zero voltage transition pulsewidth modulation (ZVT-PWM) Cuk converter is proposed in this letter. Better robustness, smaller minimum duty ratio, and lower turn-on loss are obtained in this converter. No additional component is needed compared with the conventional ZVT-PWM Cuk converter

4. 21.     Song-Yi Lin, Chern-Lin Chen, "On the leading leg transition of phase-shifted ZVS-FB converters ," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 677-679, Aug. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The primary current drop during the leading leg transition of phase-shifted zero-voltage-switching full-bridge (ZVS-FB) power converters is investigated. It is shown that this phenomenon is affected by the junction capacitance of rectifier diodes and transformer winding capacitance

4. 22.     H. Chung, S.Y.R. Hui, W.H. Wang, "An isolated ZVS/ZCS flyback converter using the leakage inductance of the coupled inductor," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 679-682, Aug. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper describes a simple and effective way to modify an existing hard-switched flyback power converter into a circuit with zero-voltage switching (ZVS) and zero-current switching (ZCS). The key improvement is to turn the unattractive features of the coupled inductor leakage inductance and snubber capacitor into attractive ones. The coupled inductor leakage inductance and snubber are used to form a quasi-resonant circuit to facilitate ZVS/ZCS of all power devices. The operating principles of the power converter and experimental results are presented

4. 23.     Doo-Hee Jung, In-Joong Ha, "An efficient method for identifying the initial position of a PMSM with an incremental encoder," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 682-685, Aug. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This letter describes an efficient method for identifying the initial position of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with an incremental encoder, even when a brake and/or a constant load torque is being applied. The authors' method is more efficient in the respects of accuracy and reliability than the conventional method using commutation signals

 

Volume 45,  Number 5, Oct. 1998           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



5. 1.     M.P. Kazmierkowski, L. Malesani, "Current control techniques for three-phase voltage-source PWM converters: a survey," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 691-703, Oct. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The aim of this paper is to present a review of current control techniques for three-phase voltage-source pulsewidth modulated converters. Various techniques, different in concept, have been described in two main groups: linear and nonlinear. The first includes proportional integral (stationary and synchronous) and state feedback controllers, and predictive techniques with constant switching frequency. The second comprises bang-bang (hysteresis, delta modulation) controllers and predictive controllers with on-line optimization. New trends in current control-neural networks and fuzzy-logic-based controllers-are discussed, as well. Selected oscillograms accompany the presentation in order to illustrate properties of the described controller groups

5. 2.     C.B. Jacobina, A.M.N. Lima, E.R.C. da Silva, A.M. Trzynadlowski, "Current control for induction motor drives using random PWM," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 704-712, Oct. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Current control in voltage-source inverters with random pulsewidth modulation (RPWM) is investigated. The random modulation is introduced to alleviate the undesirable acoustic, vibration, and EMI effects in inverter-fed AC drive systems. A novel RPWM digital technique with dithering of the switching frequency and compensation of the processing time is described. Design of the current control loop is discussed. Results of investigation of an experimental drive system are presented, proving the feasibility of the proposed solutions

5. 3.     L. Springob, J. Holtz, "High-bandwidth current control for torque-ripple compensation in PM synchronous machines," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 713-721, Oct. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Active compensation of torque harmonics in high-performance synchronous permanent magnet (PM) motor drives requires high-bandwidth current control. It is demonstrated that proportional integral (PI) current control exhibits performance limits, even when feedforward compensation of the rotor induced voltage and the stator inductance drop is used. High bandwidth requirements are satisfied using a digital deadbeat current controller. Sampling time delays are eliminated to the extent possible by means of a current predictor. The current controller and the predictor refer to a model of the parasitic effects of the PM synchronous machine that is acquired and adapted to parameter changes in real time. Stator current distortions due to deviations from the sinusoidal flux linkage distribution are thus eliminated. The control system facilitates compensation of high-frequency torque ripple of the machine

5. 4.     S. Buso, L. Malesani, P. Mattavelli, "Comparison of current control techniques for active filter applications," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 722-729, Oct. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper presents the comparative evaluation of the performance of three state-of-the-art current control techniques for active filters. The linear rotating frame current controller, the fixed-frequency hysteresis controller, and the digital deadbeat controller are considered. The main control innovations, determined by industrial applications, are presented, suitable criteria for the comparison are identified, and the differences in the performance of the three controllers in a typical parallel active filter setup are investigated by simulations

5. 5.     Yi-Hwa Liu, Chern-Lin Chen, Rong-Jie Tu, "A novel space-vector current regulation scheme for a field-oriented-controlled induction motor drive," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 730-737, Oct. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The system performance of an AC variable-speed drive directly depends on the current regulation. In this paper, a novel space-vector current regulation scheme for a field-oriented controller (FOC) is developed. Motor currents are regulated by generating appropriate inverter output voltage vectors via software-implemented comparators and a switching table. A switching table based on the angular coordinate enables the inverter to generate optimal voltage vectors. By introducing an additional triangular carrier signal to the output of original hysteresis comparators, a user-selectable high and fixed switching frequency can be obtained, further improving the driver performance. Experiments are made to verify the effectiveness and correctness of this proposed method. According to the experimental results, both simple hardware design and good current response can be attained

5. 6.     Jong-Woo Choi, Seung-Ki Sul, "Generalized solution of minimum time current control in three-phase balanced systems," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 738-744, Oct. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : In this paper, a new current controller that guarantees the fastest transient response is proposed. The basic concept is to find the optimal control voltage for tracking the reference current with minimum time under the voltage limit constraint. The generalized solution of the minimum time current control in the systems is presented in this paper. With the generalized solution, the minimum time current controller can be easily applied to all three-phase balanced systems. Through simulation and experiment on an induction motor drive, it is observed that the proposed controller has much less transient time than the conventional synchronous proportional integral regulator

5. 7.     A.M. Khambadkone, J. Holtz, "Fast current control for low harmonic distortion at low switching frequency," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 745-751, Oct. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The structure of the current control loop of an induction machine drive determines decisively the dynamic performance of the overall system. Fast current control is a prerequisite for dynamic decoupling between the torque and the flux commands. Standard solutions are well established for drives in the low- and medium-power ranges. The low switching frequency of high-power pulsewidth modulation inverters calls for a tradeoff in controller design between the low harmonic losses and torque ripple in the steady state on one hand, and fast dynamic response during the transients on the other. The problem is developed in detail. A variable-structure approach is proposed as the solution

5. 8.     Bong-Hwan Kwon, Byung-Duk Min, Jang-Hyoun Youm, "An improved space-vector-based hysteresis current controller," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 752-760, Oct. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : In this paper, an improved space-vector-based hysteresis current controller (SVBHCC) is proposed. The controller determines a set of space vectors from a region detector and applies a space voltage vector selected according to the main HCC. A set of space vectors including the zero voltage vector to reduce the number of switchings is determined from the information of the current errors, which are wider than those of the main HCC. A simple hardware implementation is proposed and the good experimental results of the SVBHCC for a squirrel cage motor are also shown

5. 9.     P. Verdelho, G.D. Marques, "Four-wire current-regulated PWM voltage converter," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 761-770, Oct. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Shunt active power filters are connected in parallel with the electricity supply network. If the AC mains has a neutral conductor, it is desirable to compensate the mains harmonic currents zero-sequence components. This can be achieved with a four-wire pulsewidth modulation voltage converter connected to the AC mains. In this case, the three-phase and the neutral AC currents must be controlled. A generalization of the space-vector-based current controller in the αβo coordinate system is presented in this paper. With this current controller, all the current harmonic systems of positive, negative, and zero sequence can be injected by the converter and, thus, compensated on the AC mains. The system is also useful to compensate unbalanced currents of fundamental frequency. A useful benefit of this system is that it is possible to control the converter four-wire currents with equal hysteresis errors. Simulation and experimental results are presented

5. 10.     A. Tilli, A. Tonielli, "Sequential design of hysteresis current controller for three-phase inverter," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 771-781, Oct. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : In this paper, a novel multivariable hysteresis current controller for three-phase inverters is presented. Hysteresis controllers are intrinsically robust to system parameters, exhibit very high dynamics, and are suitable for simple implementation. The main drawback of the hysteresis controller is a limited control on transistors' switching frequency. Very high switching frequency may result if three independent controllers are used. Multivariable solutions were proposed in the literature to solve the problem. In this paper, it is shown how the use of a sequential design for the multivariable controller can further contribute to transistors' switching frequency reduction, with no significant increase in the hardware implementation complexity. The proposed controller is illustrated and compared with other hysteresis controllers presented in the literature. It ensures a significant reduction of transistors' switching frequency with respect to the other tested controllers, under the same operating conditions. A prototype controller is also presented. The effects of noise captured by current sensors (especially Hall-effect type) on the performance of industrial hysteresis controllers are discussed. It is shown how the sequential design of the controller can also help in solving this critical problem. Experimental results are reported to confirm the quality of the proposed controller. The system stability condition is derived in an appendix

5. 11.     Ying-Yu Tzou, Shiu-Yung Lin, "Fuzzy-tuning current-vector control of a three-phase PWM inverter for high-performance AC drives," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 782-791, Oct. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper proposes a new discrete fuzzy-tuning current-vector control (FTC) scheme for three-phase pulsewidth modulation (PWM) inverters. The proposed current control scheme can achieve fast transient responses and, at the same time, have very low total harmonic distortion in output current during steady-state operation. The proposed FTC scheme generates quasi-optimum PWM patterns by using a closed-loop control technique with instantaneous current feedback. The proposed FTC scheme has been realized using a single-chip digital signal processor (TMS320C14) from Texas Instruments. Experimental results are given to verify the proposed fuzzy-tuning current control strategy for three-phase PWM inverters

5. 12.     A. Sikorski, T. Citko, "Current controller reduced switching frequency for VS-PWM inverter used with AC motor drive applications," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 792-801, Oct. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The current control system of the three-phase voltage source inverter used in AC motor drive application is presented in the paper. This system, operating in the rotating reference frame fixed to the motor flux, minimizes the switching frequency inverter transistors. The optimal inverter output voltage vector positions, recorded in an electrically programmable read-only memory, ensure the longest path of moving the stator current vector inside the tolerance band which is square shaped. Theoretical bases for the choice of optimal inverter output voltage vector positions are discussed

5. 13.     J.F.A. Martins, A.J. Pires, J.F. Silva, "A novel and simple current controller for three-phase PWM power inverters," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 802-804, Oct. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A new feedback current controller for three-phase pulsewidth modulation (PWM) power inverters is presented. To achieve robustness, fast dynamical response, reduced switching frequency, and simple hardware implementation, an improved three-level hysteresis sliding-mode controller is used. All voltage vectors are accurately selected in order to minimize the current error

5. 14.     R. Watson, F.C. Lee, "Analysis, design, and experimental results of a 1-kW ZVS-FB-PWM converter employing magamp secondary-side control," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 806-814, Oct. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The design and breadboard implementation of a constant-frequency, zero-voltage-switched, full-bridge pulsewidth modulation converter delivering a 12-V-at-1-kW output from a 350-450-VDC input bus is described. The zero-voltage switching characteristic is maintained over a wide operating range by utilizing the transformer magnetizing inductance as an energy storage element. Output voltage regulation is accomplished entirely on the secondary side through magamp control, thus simplifying the methods used for maintaining control and isolation

5. 15.     Y.G. Dessouky, B.W. Williams, J.E. Fletcher, "A novel power converter with voltage-boosting capacitors for a four-phase SRM drive," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 815-823, Oct. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper presents a method of enhancing the performance of a four-phase switched reluctance motor by using capacitors to produce additional supply voltage during the rise and fall periods of motor phase current. The voltage rating of the inverter components increases and extra capacitor/diode combinations are needed. The operation and analysis of a series voltage boost circuit are detailed for different modes of operation with a study of the effect of the boost capacitor voltage on the current waveform. Different voltage boost circuit configurations are compared. The predicted and measured results show that the boost circuit increases both torque and output power and improves the efficiency of the machine, especially at high speeds

5. 16.     L. Zhen, L. Xu, "Sensorless field orientation control of induction machines based on a mutual MRAS scheme," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 824-831, Oct. 1998.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A mutual model reference adaptive system (MRAS) is proposed to implement a position sensorless field-orientation control (FOC) of an induction machine. The reference model and adjustable model used in the mutual MRAS scheme are interchangeable. Therefore, it can be used to identify both rotor speed and the stator resistance of an induction machine. For the rotor speed estimation, one model is used as a reference model and another is the adjustable model. Pure integration and stator leakage inductance are removed from the reference model, resulting in robust performance in low and high speed ranges. For the stator resistance identification, the two models switch their roles. To further improve estimation accuracy of the rotor speed and stator resistance, a simple on-line rotor time constant identification is included. Computer simulations and experimental results are given to show its effectiveness
5. 17.     Jong-Hyun Kim, Byung-Duk Min, Bong-Hwan Kwon, Sang-Chul Won, "A PWM buck-boost AC chopper solving the commutation problem," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 832-835, Oct. 1998.