1. Byungcho Choi, "Comparative study on paralleling schemes of converter modules for distributed power applications," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 194-199, Apr. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : Three different paralleling schemes for multimodule converters are investigated. For each paralleling scheme, benefits and limitations are addressed for distributed power applications, and guidelines for designing the feedback controller are presented. Results of the analysis are verified by both frequency and time-domain simulations
2. A. Toba, T. Shimizu, G. Kimura, M. Shioya, S. Sano, "Auxiliary resonant commutated pole inverter using two internal voltage-points of DC source," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 200-206, Apr. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : This paper presents a new auxiliary resonant commutated pole inverter that has series-connected batteries as the DC source. This inverter has two main switches and two auxiliary switches, and of all these devices achieve soft switching. The resonant operations are employed only during the commutating intervals; therefore, pulsewidth modulation (PWM) can be applied to the circuit. This circuit has the feature of using two internal voltage points of the DC source. Consequently, the circuit has the advantages of stability, simplicity in control, and high efficiency. The principle of the circuit operation and the experimental results are described in this paper
3. S.A. Chickamenahalli, J.J. Cathey, "A resonant-commutated-link variable-frequency converter," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 207-216, Apr. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : A novel DC-link converter utilizing resonant commutation is presented. Since resonant commutation is accomplished, converter switches are thyristors (SCRs) with lower costs than forced commutated devices. Focus is on the variable-frequency operation of the converter, with potential application in variable-frequency custom power delivery or adjustable-speed motor drives. The converter operates with greater stored energy in the DC link, thus offering current holdup capabilities during a contingency which cannot be attained with a conventional resonant DC-link converter and achieves minimum switching losses without increased conduction losses. Harmonic elimination is achieved by employing sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation (SPWM) control of the converter. Simulation results and experimental validation of the resonant commutation of a low-voltage and low-power laboratory model are discussed. Work in progress and the scope of further work are discussed
4. Byoung-Kuk Lee, Bum-Seok Suh, Dong-Seok Hyun, "Design consideration for the improved Class-D inverter topology," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 217-227, Apr. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : The characteristics and the superiority of the efficient snubber network for Class-D series resonant inverters are addressed in detail by comparison with conventional snubbers, i.e., the lossless capacitive snubber and the RC snubber, with respect to switching losses, overvoltage stresses, high-frequency resonant current stresses, and overall efficiency. Also, the optimal design scheme for it is considered and the analytical equations are derived in order to provide a straightforward and easy-to-design tool. The validity of the theoretical description is verified by testing on a 29-kHz MOSFET Class-D series resonant inverter rated at 1.2 kW
5. Jian Liu, Zhiming Chen, Zhong Du, "A new design of power supplies for pocket computer systems," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 228-235, Apr. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : A new design of power supply based on the idea of switched capacitors, as applied to pocket computer systems, is presented. This new type of power supply is inductorless and, consequently, suitable for hybridization and even monolithic integration. The new design is also based on distinguishing characteristics of pocket digital computer systems, in which a switched-capacitor converter can work well, since minimal regulation is required. The new device may enable the pocket computer system to be powered by only one battery, resulting in a simple topology. Two switched-capacitor converters, +12 V/-12 V, +5 V and +5 V/+12 V, -12 V, are shown, respectively, as an example for demonstrating the basic principle and its performance. PSPICE simulation and laboratory models show good results for this new type of power supply
6. Min-Chin Lee, Jan-Bin Lio, Dan Y. Chen, Yie-Tone Chen, Yan-Pei Wu, "Small-signal modeling of multiple-output flyback converters in continuous conduction mode with weighted feedback," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 236-248, Apr. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : A small-signal model of multiple-output flyback power converters is developed. From the model, closed-loop power converter performances, such as line regulation and load regulation, can be predicted. Based on the model, a design procedure for feedback compensation is suggested. The model is experimentally verified
7. Mu-Shen Lin, Wen-Jung Ho, Fu-Yuan Shih, Dan Y. Chen, Yan-Pei Wu, "A cold-cathode fluorescent lamp driver circuit with synchronous primary-side dimming control," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 249-255, Apr. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : A novel synchronous primary-side dimming control scheme is proposed and tested for a cold-cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) driver circuit for liquid crystal display (LCD) backlight illumination display applications. This new control scheme features high efficiency, even-dimming sensitive adjustment, even-brightness control for a two-lamp system, less lamp flickering problems, stable feedback control and simplicity. An analysis of the circuit is given, from which a design example is presented
8. Rong-Jie Tu, Chern-Lin Chen, "A new space-vector-modulated control for a unidirectional three-phase switch-mode rectifier," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 256-262, Apr. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : A unidirectional three-phase switch-mode rectifier that delivers sinusoidal input currents in phase with the corresponding input phase voltages is proposed and analyzed in this paper. In the proposed topology, three AC switches are placed before the bridge rectifier and, respectively, across two power lines. A simple control scheme combing space-vector modulation and hysteresis current control is presented. Sinusoidal input line currents are observed in experimental results
9. P. Verdelho, G.D. Marques, "DC voltage control and stability analysis of PWM-voltage-type reversible rectifiers," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 263-273, Apr. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : A PWM voltage rectifier has useful characteristics on its DC and AC sides. On its DC side, a DC-link unidirectional voltage is obtained and bidirectional power transfer capability is possible by reversing the flow direction of the DC-link current. On its AC side, near sinusoidal current waveforms and AC four-quadrant operation can be obtained, leading to high-quality power being exchanged between the power converter and the mains. The use of AC filters becomes unnecessary. The rectifier DC voltage must be regulated to a constant value. In this paper, three solutions for the DC voltage control are presented. In the first solution, the DC voltage is controlled by acting upon the quadrature component of the power converter fundamental Park's voltages with relation to the mains voltages. Slow responses are necessary because of stability reasons. Also, load power variations produce both active and reactive power variations in the power converter AC side. To improve the DC voltage response, a second control solution is presented. The power converter currents in Park's coordinates must be controlled. The DC voltage is controlled by controlling the direct Park's current component and, thus, acting only on the active power of the converter AC side. Faster responses are achieved. In this case, load power variations do not produce reactive power variations in the converter AC side. The third control solution is a simplified version of this last one. Experimental results from a 2 kVA IGBT-based prototype showing good system dynamic performance are presented
10. M. Tomita, T. Senjyu, S. Doki, S. Okuma, "New sensorless control for brushless DC motors using disturbance observers and adaptive velocity estimations," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 274-282, Apr. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : A brushless DC motor has been represented by a nonlinear equation. Therefore, it has been difficult to apply linear control theory to brushless DC motor systems. In this paper, to apply the linear control theory to brushless DC motor systems, the authors propose considering the nonlinear term of the equation as a disturbance and to realize a sensorless control of the brushless DC motor using both the disturbance observer and the adaptive velocity estimation. With proper pole locations of the disturbance observer, stability of the position estimation is guaranteed, and stability of the adaptive velocity estimation is also guaranteed by Popov's hyperstability theory. The experimental results show that the proposed method is very useful
11. Kichul Hong, Kwanghee Nam, "A load torque compensation scheme under the speed measurement delay ," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 283-290, Apr. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : The average speed detection method involves a measurement delay, which can cause a serious instability problem to the unknown load torque observer. The instability can be cured by inserting an artificial delay into the torque-filtering path of the observer. Also, by utilizing the concept of the phase lead compensator, we propose a method of designing an arbitrary high-order low-pass filter (Q filter). Through the results of simulation and experiments, we show that our proposed method yields more robust and improved results than the conventional load torque observer
12. P. Koronki, H. Hashimoto, V. Utkin, "Direct torsion control of flexible shaft in an observer-based discrete-time sliding mode," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 291-296, Apr. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : This paper presents a new speed control method for a two-mass system coupled by a flexible shaft. Two control loops are proposed; the outer angular speed control loop calculates the reference signal for the inner loop, where the torsion of the shaft is handled as a variable under control. In this paper, the observer-based discrete-time sliding-mode (ODSM) control implementation and experimental verification of direct torsion control is presented. The experimental system consists of a conventional DC servo gear motor with encoder feedback and inertia load coupled by a flexible shaft. The controller was implemented using a transputer as the computation engine
13. Chaio-Shiung Chen, Wen-Liang Chen, "Robust adaptive sliding-mode control using fuzzy modeling for an inverted-pendulum system," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 297-306, Apr. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : In this paper, a new robust adaptive control architecture is proposed for operation of an inverted-pendulum mechanical system. The architecture employs a fuzzy system to adaptively compensate for the plant nonlinearities and forces the inverted pendulum to track a prescribed reference model. When matching with the model occurs, the pendulum will be stabilized at an upright position and the cart should return to its zero position. The control scheme has a sliding control input to compensate for the modeling errors of the fuzzy system. The gain of the sliding input is automatically adjusted to a necessary level to ensure the stability of the overall system. Global asymptotic stability of the algorithm is established via Lyapunov's stability theorem. Experiments on an inverted-pendulum system are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed control structure
14. L.B. Gutierrez, F.L. Lewis, J.A. Lowe, "Implementation of a neural network tracking controller for a single flexible link: comparison with PD and PID controllers," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 307-318, Apr. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : The objective of this paper is to show the results of the practical implementation of a neural network (NN) tracking controller on a single flexible link and compare its performance to that of proportional derivative (PD) and proportional integral derivative (PID) standard controllers. The NN controller is composed of an outer PD tracking loop, a singular perturbation inner loop for stabilization of the fast flexible-mode dynamics, and an NN inner loop used to feedback linearize the slow pointing dynamics. No off-line training or learning is needed for the NN. It is shown that the tracking performance of the NN controller is far better than that of the PD or PID standard controllers. An extra friction term was added in the tests to demonstrate the ability of the NN to learn unmodeled nonlinear dynamics
15. Pan-Mook Lee, Jun-Ho Oh, "Improvements on VSS-type self-tuning control for a tracking controller," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 319-325, Apr. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : This paper points out that the VSS-type self-tuning controller of K. Furuta (see ibid., vol.40, p.37-44, 1993) can be improved by modifications of the sector with separate gains and the equivalent control algorithm. The controlled system is stable in the outside of the sector and ultimately bounded in the inside of the sector. The proposed VSS-type self-tuning controller prevents the fluctuation of the estimated parameters that can occur during the parameter adaptation. This controller, having reduced the switching sector, is actually applicable to the tracking control of discrete systems in the presence of parameter uncertainties
16. M. Vijay, C.S.R. Murthy, "Real-time simulation of dynamic systems on systolic arrays," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 326-332, Apr. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : Systolic arrays have emerged as a powerful means for solving several computational problems of practical importance. This paper discusses the applicability of systolic arrays in the real-time simulation of dynamic systems. Systolic arrays are proposed for the simulation of dynamic systems which can be represented by a set of linear or nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Efficient techniques for solving the differential equations have been chosen in these systolic implementations, so that the real-time constraints can be satisfied, while maintaining both the stability and accuracy of the simulation. The complexity issues of the systolic implementations are also discussed. Conclusions are drawn regarding the efficiency and ease of using the systolic arrays, after comparison with the earlier solutions for this problem
17. K. Tanaka, T. Ikeda, "Absolute stability conditions in a fuzzy phase-lead compensation and their extension to MIMO systems," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 333-340, Apr. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : This paper presents absolute stability conditions in a fuzzy phase-lead compensation and their extension to multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) systems. A theorem which realizes an effective phase-lead compensation is recalled. A so-called “transformation matrix” is derived in the theorem. A fuzzy phase-lead compensator (FPLC) is constructed by using the transformation matrix. The circle condition is employed to derive absolute stability conditions of feedback systems in a fuzzy phase-lead compensation. Next, a generalized class of FPLCs is defined, and its stability conditions are derived from the viewpoints of H∞ norm and quadratic stability. It is found that the stability conditions realize stability analysis not only for single-input-single-output (SISO) systems, but also for MIMO systems
18. A.M. Sabatini, A. Rocchi, "Sampled baseband correlators for in-air ultrasonic rangefinders," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 341-350, Apr. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : Conventional in-air ultrasonic rangefinders for robotic applications employ inexpensive analog signal processing techniques, based on threshold methods, to perform range measurements. Digital signal processing techniques using correlation methods can provide more accurate measurements, at the expense of greater system complexity and cost. The authors propose using a modified second-order bandwidth sampling technique for making data acquisition concomitant with frequency shift of the sampled narrow-band signals from in-air ultrasonic transducers to their equivalent baseband representations. The reduction of the frequency-analyzing interval allows one to conceive sampled baseband correlators for multiple receiving transducers with a complexity comparable to that of analog receivers. They develop a procedure of sensor calibration that is based on a stochastic model of time-of-flight noise; the effect of the receiver noise on the ranging accuracy is, thus, evaluated separately from the effect, due to environmental changes of the speed of sound. The simulation study and the experimental results obtained with their demonstration system offer promise for multichannel sampled baseband correlators, the time-of-flight estimation accuracy of which is close to the theoretical Cramer-Rao (CR) lower bound for signals in additive white Gaussian noise
19. Wen-Chiang Huang, Chwan-Hwa Wu, "Adaptive color image processing and recognition for varying backgrounds and illumination conditions," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 351-357, Apr. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : The paper presents a fuzzy-based method for recognizing color objects in a complex background under varying illumination. Fuzzy rules are generated using a fuzzy associative memory (FAM) training method to cope with chromatic distortion. The color model used is the hue, saturation, and value (HSV) color model. The authors propose a unique adaptive fuzzy system, motivated by the human vision system's color constancy, in order to accommodate varying background color and illumination conditions, as well as incorrect focus of the camera. This adaptive system can adjust the fuzzy rules dynamically based on the properties of surrounding pixels in order to make a decision. The proposed method is tested on a two-hour video tape captured by a GPSVan, in which real-world scenes may have incorrect video camera focus, color distortions, and varying illumination conditions. Experimental results are reported and analyzed
20. Song-Yi Lin, Chern-Lin Chen, "Analysis and design for RCD clamped snubber used in output rectifier of phase-shift full-bridge ZVS converters," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 358-359, Apr. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : Detailed analysis and parameter design for a resistor-capacitor-diode (RCD) clamped snubber used in the output rectifier of phase-shift full-bridge zero-voltage-switching (PS-FB-ZVS) power converters are presented. Design equations and some properties of the clamped circuit are also highlighted
21. Che-Ming Lee, Chern-Lin Chen, "Speed sensorless vector control of induction motor using Kalman-filter-assisted adaptive observer," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 359-361, Apr. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : This letter presents a new method of estimating rotor speed of an induction motor. The new method is based on an adaptive flux observer. A second-order Kalman filter is then employed to modify the estimated rotor flux. Experimental results show that the new method has better accuracy in following the speed command under heavy loads
22. C.S. Ng, T.S. Yeo, "Effects of interline coupling on bit error rate for high-speed digital signal propagation on PCB," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 362-364, Apr. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : In this letter, we investigate the effects of interline coupling on the bit error rate (BER) for various combinations of the physical parameters of two parallel microstrip lines. Numerical results based on two signal recovery methods, the impulse sampling method and the integrate-sample-and-dump method, are generated to aid printed circuit board (PCB) design for high-frequency applications
23. S. Valiviita, S.J. Ovaska, "Delayless acceleration measurement method for elevator control," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 364-366, Apr. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : Accurate sensing of acceleration could provide improved performance for elevator control. Acceleration control is, however, seldom implemented, due to the unsatisfactory results of most acceleration measurement methods. We propose a polynomial predictive differentiator which delaylessly differentiates the available velocity signal. Polynomial prediction is justified, because the acceleration curve can be modeled accurately by a piecewise polynomial
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