1. J.W. Kolar, H. Ertl, F.C. Zach, "How to include the dependency of the R/sub DS(on/) of power MOSFETs on the instantaneous value of the drain current into the calculation of the conduction losses of high-frequency three-phase PWM inverters," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 369-375, Jun. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : In this paper, the conduction losses of power MOSFETs are calculated analytically for application in three-phase voltage DC-link pulsewidth modulation (PWM) power converter systems. Contrary to a conventional calculation, the dependency of the turn-on behavior on the drain current is considered in terms of a quadratic approximation. The derived relationships are represented graphically; they can be included directly into the dimensioning of the power transistors
2. Soon Yong Yang, Min Cheol Lee, Man Hyung Lee, S. Arimoto, "Measuring system for development of stroke-sensing cylinder for automatic excavator," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 376-384, Jun. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : In order to develop a stroke-sensing cylinder for automatic excavators equipped with Hall sensors of GaAs type, a measuring test facility is set up and used in investigating the design parameters. The measuring system itself is a kind of XZ table with two moving axes in X and Z directions, respectively, on which sensing parts, including Hall sensors, are installed. Furthermore, to attain a high precision of movement of the measuring system, a new sliding mode control is introduced, which diminishes chattering in the control loop by setting two dead zones along the switching line. The unknown parameters for sliding mode control are estimated by a signal compression method. The output signal from a Hall sensor was analyzed by using a measuring instrument. In particular, the detected signal according to the Hall sensor's movement on the piston rod, which has a magnetic scale, was investigated and the vertical distance between the Hall sensor and the piston rod, which gives direct effects on the detected signal, was obtained. Based on these results, the stroke-sensing cylinder was designed and fabricated
3. S.J. Chiang, K.T. Chang, C.Y. Yen, "Residential photovoltaic energy storage system," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 385-394, Jun. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : This paper introduces a residential photovoltaic (PV) energy storage system, in which the PV power is controlled by a DC-DC power converter and transferred to a small battery energy storage system (BESS). For managing the power, a pattern of daily operation considering the load characteristic of the homeowner, the generation characteristic of the PV power, and the power-leveling demand of the electric utility is prescribed. The system looks up the pattern to select the operation mode, so that powers from the PV array, the batteries and the utility are utilized in a cost-effective manner. As for the control of the system, a novel control technique for the maximum power-point tracking (MPPT) of the PV array is proposed, in which the state-averaged model of the DC-DC power converter, including the dynamic model of the PV array, is derived. Accordingly, a high-performance discrete MPPT controller that tracks the maximum power point with zero-slope regulation and current-mode control is presented. With proposed arrangements on the control of the BESS and the current-to-power scaling factor setting, the DC-DC power converter is capable of combining with the BESS for performing the functions of power conditioning and active power filtering. An experimental 600 W system is implemented, and some simulation and experimental results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system
4. Jung-Goo Cho, Ju-Won Baek, Dong-Wook Yoo, Hong-Sik Lee, "Reduced conduction loss zero-voltage-transition power factor correction converter with low cost," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 395-400, Jun. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : A new low conduction loss low-cost zero-voltage-transition (ZVT) power factor correction converter (PFC) is presented. The conventional PFC, which consists of a bridge diode rectifier and a boost converter (one active switch), always has three semiconductor conduction drops. The two-switch-type PFC, which was presented recently, reduces conduction loss by reducing one conduction drop, but the cost is increased because of one additional switch. The proposed PFC reduces conduction loss with one switch. Conduction loss reduction is a little bit less than that of the two-switch type, but it is achieved with low cost. Operation, features, and characteristics are comparatively illustrated and verified by the experimental results from a 2.5-kW 100-kHz laboratory prototype
5. D. Casadei, G. Serra, A. Tani, "Reduction of the input current harmonic content in matrix converters under input/output unbalance," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 401-411, Jun. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : This paper deals with the performance evaluation of space-vector-modulated matrix power converters under input and output unbalanced conditions. Two control strategies of the input current displacement angle are presented and compared in order to emphasize their influence on the input current harmonic content. The first is based on keeping the input current vector in phase with the input voltage vector. In the second, the input current displacement angle is dynamically modulated as a function of positive- and negative-sequence components of the input voltages. In both cases, the harmonic content and the three-phase RMS value of the input current have been evaluated analytically. The input current harmonic spectrum is quite different for the two control strategies and can be related to the input and output unbalance. It has been verified that, in the usual case of balanced output conditions, using the second method, it is possible to eliminate the harmonic components of the input current. Some numerical simulations are presented to confirm the analytical results
6. K. Shinoda, T. Suetsugu, M. Matsuo, S. Mori, "Analysis of phase-controlled resonant DC-AC inverters with class E amplifier and frequency multipliers," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 412-420, Jun. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : This paper presents a minute analysis and experimental results of phase-controlled resonant DC-AC inverters with class E amplifiers and frequency multipliers. The circuit is composed of two identical class E amplifiers or frequency multipliers, which are used as DC-AC inverters and connected in parallel. The two inverters are driven at the same switching frequency, and the overall output power of the circuit can be controlled by varying the phase shift between the drive voltages of the two inverters. The circuit can regulate the output voltage at a constant switching frequency. The measured efficiency was over 93% at an output power of 0.98 W and a switching frequency of 0.5 MHz for both of the inverters with amplifier and frequency doubler
7. B.K.H. Wong, Henry Shu-Hung Chung, "Steady-state analysis of PWM DC/DC switching regulators using iterative cycle time-domain simulation," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 421-432, Jun. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : A new iterative technique for the steady-state analysis of pulsewidth modulated (PWM) DC/DC switching regulators is presented. The methodology is based on transforming the closed-loop regulator into an open-loop configuration. The steady-state solution is solved by two iteration loops. The first loop is to find the steady-state state variables when the power converter is at a fixed duty cycle. The circuit waveforms are obtained by a stepwise time-domain simulation method, which is based on using stepwise quadratic formulation of the circuit state variables with progressive analysis of the switches' states. The second iteration loop is to determine the steady-state duty cycle of the PWM modulator output, using an explicit “fictitious” ramp offset value as the error index. This two-loop iteration approach lessens the occurrence of the nonconvergence problem that is sometimes found in the single-loop iteration method. Furthermore, the advantages of this method include the following: (1) substantial improvement in speeding up the convergence to steady-state solution; (2) simplicity in requiring simple algebraic manipulations; (3) generality in determining valid topology without prior knowledge of the regulator operation; and (4) directness in determining the switching instants. Several examples illustrating the computational efficiency and the accuracy are presented and are verified with the available literature
8. S.A. Bortoff, R.R. Kohan, R. Milman, "Adaptive control of variable reluctance motors: a spline function approach," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 433-444, Jun. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : This paper considers nonlinear adaptive control of a variable reluctance motor (VRM) in a low-velocity high-torque mode of operation. A simple dynamic model for the relationship among electric torque, rotor angular position, and phase currents is proposed. The model incorporates spline functions and a set of “Fourier” sinusoids and captures several experimentally verified VRM characteristics, including flux saturation effects. Based on this model, an adaptive controller is derived using the certainty equivalence principle. The controller provides asymptotic tracking of a desired rotor position trajectory. So-called “torque-sharing functions” are employed to smooth the commutation among phases and to increase the peak torque available from the motor, when compared to “hard” commutation that energizes only one phase at a time. Experimental results from a laboratory VRM provide motivation for the model and illustrate the controller's design and trajectory tracking performance
9. Hwi-Beon Shin, "New antiwindup PI controller for variable-speed motor drives," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 445-450, Jun. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : The windup phenomenon appears and results in performance degradation when the proportional-integral (PI) controller output is saturated. A new antiwindup PI controller is proposed to improve the control performance of variable-speed motor drives, and it is experimentally applied to the speed control of a vector-controlled induction motor driven by a pulsewidth modulated (PWM) voltage-source inverter (VSI). The integral state is separately controlled, corresponding to whether the PI controller output is saturated or not. The experimental results show that the speed response has much improved performance, such as small overshoot and fast settling time, over the conventional antiwindup technique. Although the operating speed command is changed, similar control performance can be obtained by using the PI gains selected in the linear region
10. Seul Jung, T.C. Hsia, "Neural network impedance force control of robot manipulator," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 451-461, Jun. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : The performance of an impedance controller for robot force tracking is affected by the uncertainties in both the robot dynamic model and environment stiffness. The purpose of this paper is to improve the controller robustness by applying the neural network (NN) technique to compensate for the uncertainties in the robot model. NN control techniques are applied to two impedance control methods: torque-based and position-based impedance control, which are distinguished by the way of the impedance functions being implemented. A novel error signal is proposed for the NN training. In addition, a trajectory modification algorithm is developed to determine the reference trajectory when the environment stiffness is unknown. The robustness analysis of this algorithm to force sensor noise and inaccurate environment position measurement is also presented. The performances of the two NN impedance control schemes are compared by computer simulations. Simulation results based on a three-degrees-of-freedom robot show that highly robust position/force tracking can be achieved in the presence of large uncertainties and force sensor noise
11. V. Ramachandran, "Evaluation of performance criteria of CNC machine tool drive system ," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 462-468, Jun. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : The stability, steady-state error analysis, damping factor, and setting time of discrete data drives for computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools are analyzed to obtain the necessary information for the design of a practical system. The stability of the drive is reviewed using Jury's test and the Mitrovic criterion. The variation of damping factor and settling time with respect to system parameters are presented based on the Mitrovic criterion
12. Fan-Tien Cheng, Jeng-Shi Chen, Fan-Chu Kung, "Study and resolution of singularities for a 7-DOF redundant manipulator," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 469-480, Jun. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : The singularity problem of a 7-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) redundant manipulator is analyzed, and a new resolution method is proposed. In this paper, the singularities are decoupled into the position singularities and the orientation singularity by the technique of workspace decomposition, then all singularity conditions for both cases are derived, and the new singularity avoidance (NSA) method is proposed. The NSA method resolves the escapable singularities which can be reconfigured into a nonsingular posture via self motion. Unlike some existing methods, the NSA method considers the position singularities and the orientation singularity separately. This method only needs to optimize two order-3 minors, one for the 3×4 Jacobian translational submatrix and the other for the 3×7 Jacobian rotational submatrix. Therefore, the computation for the optimization is greatly reduced. Three examples are presented to demonstrate the generality and efficiency of this new method
13. Kit-Sang Tang, Kim-Fung Man, Sam Kwong, Zhi-Feng Liu, "Design and optimization of IIR filter structure using hierarchical genetic algorithms," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 481-487, Jun. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : A new genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed for digital filter design. This scheme utilizes a new hierarchical multilayer gene structure for the chromosome formulation. This is a unique structure, which retains the conventional genetic operations, while the genes may take various forms to represent the system characteristics. As a result, both the system structure and the parametric variables can be optimized in a simultaneous manner, without extra computational cost and effort. It has been demonstrated that this technique not only fulfils all types of filter performance requirements, but that the lowest order of the filter can also be found
14. T. Mita, M. Hirata, K. Murata, H. Zhang, "H∞ control versus disturbance-observer-based control," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 488-495, Jun. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : In the motion control field, a disturbance observer-based disturbance canceling control is often used as a robust control methodology. However, this method is nothing more than an alternative design of an integral controller, and the robust stability issue cannot be directly accounted for. In this paper, an extended H∞ control scheme is proposed as a new robust motion control method which achieves the disturbance cancellation ability and guarantees robust stability automatically
15. Guang Geng, G.M. Geary, "The control of input-constrained nonlinear processes using numerical generalized predictive control methods," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 496-501, Jun. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : A generalized predictive control algorithm based on numerical methods has been developed to cope with some of the practical control problems, such as input constraints, rate limits, and nonlinearities of industrial processes. Using numerical methods, different cost functions can be minimized to achieve the desired control performance without any significant change to the control algorithm. The results from a system used for an air-handling plant are given, in order to demonstrate the potential of this algorithm
16. L.K. Wong, F.H.F. Leung, P.K.S. Tam, "Lyapunov-function-based design of fuzzy logic controllers and its application on combining controllers," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 502-509, Jun. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : This paper presents the design of fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs) for nonlinear systems with guaranteed closed-loop stability and its application on combining controllers. The design is based on heuristic fuzzy rules. Although each rule in the FLC refers to a stable closed-loop subsystem, the overall system stability cannot be guaranteed when all these rules are applied together. In this paper, it is proved that if each subsystem is stable in the sense of Lyapunov (ISL) under a common Lyapunov function, the overall system is also stable ISL. Since no fuzzy plant model is involved, the number of subsystems generated is relatively small, and the common Lyapunov function can be found more easily. To probe further, an application of this design approach to an inverted pendulum system that combines a sliding-mode controller (SMC) and a state feedback controller (SFC) is reported. Each rule in this FLC has an SMC or an SFC in the consequent part. The role of the FLC is to schedule the final control under different antecedents. The stability of the whole system is guaranteed by the proposed design approach. More importantly, the controller thus designed can keep the advantages and remove the disadvantages of the two conventional controllers
17. K. Kobayashi, K.C. Cheok, K. Watanabe, F. Munekata, "Accurate differential global positioning system via fuzzy logic Kalman filter sensor fusion technique," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 510-518, Jun. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : The ability to determine an accurate global position of a vehicle has many useful commercial and military applications. The differential global positioning system (DGPS) is one of the practical navigation tools used for this purpose. However, the DGPS has limitations arising from slow updates, signal interference, and limited accuracy. This paper describes how vehicle rate sensors ran be used to help a DGPS overcome these limitations. The theoretical background for the sensor fusion is based on the principle of Kalman filtering and a fuzzy logic scheme. Validity of the method was verified by using experimental data from an actual automobile navigating around an urban area. The results demonstrated that the path of the automobile can be continuously traced with high accuracy and repeatability, in spite of the limitations of the DGPS
18. S. Ben-Yaakov, I. Zehser, "PWM converters with resistive input," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 519-520, Jun. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : An average modeling methodology is proposed for deriving pulsewidth modulation (PWM) programming rules that cause DC-DC converters to look resistive at the input terminals. The method can be useful in the design of active power factor correctors that do not need to sense the input voltage
19. E.A. Vendrusculo, J.A. Pomilio, "Soft commutation in capacitive idling converters," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 521-522, Jun. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : The capacitive idling converters derived from the Cuk, SEPIC, Zeta, and flyback topologies allow soft commutation of power switches without the need for additional circuitry, making it possible to increase the switching frequency while maintaining high efficiency
20. Jong-Woo Choi, Seung-Ki Sol, "Design of fast-response current controller using d-q axis cross coupling: application to permanent magnet synchronous motor drive," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 522-524, Jun. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : A new current controller, which has both fast transient response in the transient state and high accuracy in the steady state, is proposed. In this scheme, a reference modification part is incorporated with the generally used synchronous frame proportional integral (PI) controller for the fast transient response. Through experimental results, it is observed that the proposed controller has much less transient time than the conventional synchronous PI regulator
21. Tsai-Fu Wu, Te-Hung Yu, Yong-Jing Wu, "A microprocessor-based toggle-control lighting system," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 525-528, Jun. 1998. Full Text Link Abstract : Analysis, design, practical consideration, and implementation of a microprocessor-based toggle-control lighting system are presented. The system is primarily configured with a power factor corrector (PFC), a square-wave voltage generator, a manually controlled toggle switch, and two relays. Toggling the toggle switch can select a different number of lamps in operation, resulting in a mutual dimming feature. A fluorescent lamp lighting system with this specific ballast gains the merits of lower system cost and more flexibilities in lighting fixture design, as compared to conventional systems
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
