IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 

Volume 46,  Number 1, Feb. 1999           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



1. 1.     T. Riesgo, Y. Torroja, E. de la Torre, "Design methodologies based on hardware description languages," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 3-12, Feb. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : In this paper, we are presenting the basic methodology to be used in the design of a digital system, based on the use of hardware description languages. The most important stages of the design flow and the computer-aided design tools involved are presented, from the initial specification to the final implementation. The design flow described in the paper is based on a top-down approach, as this is the methodology currently used for most of the digital systems to face the current system complexity. Although all the concepts and methods are feasible for any kind of digital electronic system, application-specific integrated circuits are, in particular, considered as an application example in the paper. Most of the examples shown are written in VHSIC HDL, as it is an IEEE Standard and is one of the most commonly used

1. 2.     J.R. Armstrong, F.G. Gray, Meng-Wei Lin, "VHDL modeling and model testing for DSP applications," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 13-22, Feb. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The use of hardware description language models is now central to the digital design process. These models represent the initial interpretation of the specification. They are also used as input to synthesis tools in the application-specific integrated circuit design process central to the development of digital signal processor circuits. In this paper, the use of high-level graphics-based modeling tools is advocated to relieve the modeler of the burden of hand coding the models. A similar approach is advocated for developing test benches that test the models. Models and test benches are refined in a library structure. Environmental data generators are used to prepare test files to be read by the test benches. The test benches are linked directly to the specification and test plans control the test bench configuration. This approach is applied to infrared search and track and synthetic aperture radar systems

1. 3.     D.A.G. Pedder, A.D. Brown, J.A. Skinner, "A contactless electrical energy transmission system," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 23-30, Feb. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Most mains-operated equipment in use today is connected to the supply via plugs and sockets. These are generally acceptable in benign environments, but can be unsafe or have limited life in the presence of moisture. In explosive atmospheres and in undersea applications, special connectors must be used. This paper describes a technique, the contactless energy transfer system (CETS), by which electrical energy may be transmitted, without electrical connection or physical contact, through nonmagnetic media of low conductivity. The CETS, which has been used to transfer up to 5 kW across a 10 mm gap, employs high-frequency magnetic coupling and enables plug-in power connections to be made in wet or hazardous environmental conditions without the risk of electric shock, short circuiting, or sparking. Energy may be transmitted without the necessity for accurately manufactured “plug-and-socket” mechanisms and may be transmitted from source to load, even when there is relative motion. Load-source voltage matching may be made inherent to the system

1. 4.     F.L.M. Antunes, H.A.C. Braga, I. Barbi, "Application of a generalized current multilevel cell to current-source inverters," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 31-38, Feb. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : In this paper, a new cell which lends itself as a generic current multilevel one is applied to current-source inverters with output current harmonics minimization and without the use of high-frequency modulation. In this cell, inductors acting as current sources ensure equal current division among switches. DC current balance in the inductors is achieved, also, without closed-loop control. It is also shown that, while, for the five-level structure it is easy to find a proper control strategy, for higher levels, it is necessary to use numerical simulation programs to find out a proper switching strategy. Simulation and experimental results are included to show the performance of the new cell for high-power applications

1. 5.     S.F. Pinto, J.F.A. Silva, "Constant-frequency sliding-mode and PI linear controllers for power rectifiers: a comparison," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 39-51, Feb. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Constant-frequency sliding-mode and linear proportional integral (PI) cascaded controllers (internal current loop and external output voltage control loop) for 12-pulse thyristor rectifiers are designed, using new models and convenient assumptions, and their performances compared. The use of sliding-mode control on line-commutated power converters implies the use of fixed-frequency sliding-mode design, originating steady-state errors. These are eliminated using a higher order switching function, with fourth-order Bessel polynomial coefficients, to minimize the response time and to eliminate the overshoot in the reaching mode. Comparisons are made using simulations (MATLAB/SIMULINK blocks) and experimental results. The sliding-mode controllers, as well as the PI controllers, need almost the same hardware and present no steady-state errors and no output voltage overshoots. Besides allowing a faster dynamics than the PI controllers, the proposed sliding-mode approach provides a new, nonlinear theoretical frame for solving the control problem of power rectifiers with output filters

1. 6.     J.E. Vadell, L.E. Chiang, "Stepping motor driving by controlled-energy discharge," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 52-60, Feb. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Stepping motors are indexing devices widely used in microcomputer-controlled machines. They have been proven to give excellent results in terms of accuracy and repeatability in many industrial applications. Their main weakness, however, is their relatively low working speeds (when compared to the alternative of servo motors), but this has been changing lately, mainly due to better electrical controller and motor designs. Hence, today there is a wider interchangeability range with servomotors. This paper describes a new electrical driving method for stepping motors based on controlled energy discharge over the motor windings. This method makes use of the fact that the time response of an LR circuit can be improved by the addition of an adequate capacitance. Experimental tests were performed for evaluation purposes. Results obtained show speeds reaching up to 6000 r/min and as much as 90% of the low-speed torque still available at 1000 r/min for a commercial-type stepping motor

1. 7.     M. Dawande, G.K. Dubey, "Bang-bang current control with predecided switching frequency for switch-mode rectifiers," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 61-66, Feb. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : An active current waveshaping/control technique with continuous conduction of input current and suitable for single-phase switch-mode rectifiers (SMRs) is proposed. The nature of input current is similar to that of bang-bang hysteresis current control. The technique does not require a reference hysteresis window. Current control is achieved with constant switching frequency for a given load current. The switching frequency varies inversely with the load current, but is known and predecided. Simulated performance results and selected experimental results are provided

1. 8.     G. Ivensky, I. Zeltser, A. Kats, S. Ben-Yaakov, "Reducing IGBT losses in ZCS series resonant converters," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 67-74, Feb. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The fundamental operational parameter that controls the losses in series resonant power converters was found to be the reflected DC voltage transfer ratio. Losses which are a function of the average current (such as conduction losses of insulated gate bipolar transistors and diodes) are independent of the switching frequency. Losses which are associated with the RMS current are a function of both the reflected DC voltage ratio and the switching frequency ratio. Universal and normalized graphs, derived in this paper, can be conveniently used to assess the expected RMS and average current conduction losses under any given operational conditions. The residual switching losses in zero-current-switching series resonant power converters operating in continuous current mode can be reduced by simple current snubbers placed in the commutation circuits. The experimental results of this paper confirm the theoretical predictions and demonstrate that the turn-on snubbers can reduce switching losses by about 1.5% at a switching frequency of 65 kHz

1. 9.     Bo-Tao Lin, Kam-Wah Siu, Yim-Shu Lee, "Actively clamped zero-current-switching quasi-resonant converters using IGBTs," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 75-81, Feb. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Conventional zero-current-switching quasi-resonant power converters (ZCS-QRCs) suffer from the disadvantages of high switch current stress and variable switching frequency. This paper proposes the use of a “current-clamping circuit” to overcome these disadvantages. By incorporating such a circuit into the family of ZCS-QRCs, a new family of actively clamped ZCS-QRCs using insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) is derived. These power converters feature high (and constant) switching frequency and zero-current turn-off (without increased current stress), which are particularly useful for high-power applications where minority-carrier semiconductor devices (such as IGBTs and bipolar junction transistors) are used as power switches. The design criteria, simulation and experimental results are reported

1. 10.     A. Ferrari de Souza, I. Barbi, "A new ZVS semiresonant high power factor rectifier with reduced conduction losses," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 82-90, Feb. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper presents a novel single-phase unity power factor rectifier, which features critical conduction mode and zero-voltage switching. The reduced conduction losses are achieved by the employment of a single converter, instead of the typical configuration composed of a front-end rectifier followed by a boost converter. Theoretical analysis, a design example, and experimental results of a 300 W converter with 127 Vrms input voltage and 400 VDC output voltage are presented

1. 11.     K.K. Tse, H.S. Chung, S.Y.R. Hui, "Stepwise quadratic state-space modeling technique for simulation of power electronics circuits," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 91-99, Feb. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A fast and accurate technique for simulation of power electronics circuits is presented. The methodology begins by using Chebyshev polynomials to derive an adaptive stepwise quadratic state-space model for each piecewise-linear circuit topology. The state-space equation sets are integrated with modified nodal equations. The key feature of this algorithm is that it gives an approximate value of the optimum simulation step size for analysis of each circuit topology in order to achieve a desired accuracy in calculating the state transition matrix of the topology. Moreover, the algorithm hybridizes the advantages of calculating the circuit responses at circuit level and determining switching instants at device level. The switching instants are calculated directly by solving simple quadratic equations. Furthermore, it is unnecessary to have prior knowledge of the circuit operations, such as the topology sequence and duration. The algorithm automatically looks for a valid topology at any time instant. The proposed method is illustrated with the examples of a practical induction heater and a boost DC/DC regulator. The theoretical predictions are verified with the results obtained in experiment and available literature

1. 12.     Jinhwan Jung, Kwanghee Nam, "A dynamic decoupling control scheme for high-speed operation of induction motors," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 100-110, Feb. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : In a high-speed operation of a vector-controlled induction motor, coupling between d-q current dynamics impairs the characteristics of torque response. The feedforward decoupling scheme does not perform well if an error exists in the motor parameter estimation. We derive a dynamic decoupling condition when the two additional proportional integral current controllers are used. A great advantage of this dynamic decoupling controller is the robustness to the motor parameter estimation errors. Further, we observe that overmodulation methods lead to the violation of the decoupling condition, thereby yielding a poor performance in the high-speed high-power operation. As a method of resolving this problem, we propose a decoupling preserving overmodulation algorithm which also enhances the torque transient response. Through simulation and experimental results, we demonstrate the improved performance of the proposed controller

1. 13.     Yih-Neng Lin, Chern-Lin Chen, "Automatic IM parameter measurement under sensorless field-oriented control," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 111-118, Feb. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A novel approach to automatic induction motor (IM) parameter measurement under sensorless field-oriented control (FOC) is presented. Before startup, the inverter drive automatically performs the DC test, the no-load test and the locked-rotor test for the driven IM. The only measured values are input current signals. No additional hardware is required in this approach. In order to automatically measure the IM parameters under FOC structure, the concepts of no-load test and DC test should be modified. In addition, because the conventional locked-rotor test requires that the rotor shaft be locked mechanically, this makes automatic measurement impossible. In order to solve this problem, a locked-rotor test at single-phase excitation for sensorless FOC structure is also performed in this paper to facilitate automatic IM parameter measurement. Finally, the test data are then computed to get the IM parameters and the field current command for FOC. The presented method has been tested on a 3-hp inverter-driven IM system. Its effectiveness is illustrated by experimental recordings

1. 14.     C. Cecati, N. Rotondale, "Torque and speed regulation of induction motors using the passivity theory approach," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 119-127, Feb. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper deals with the passivity-based control of induction motors. This nonlinear control method is considered here mainly from the experimental point of view. Two different configurations have been considered: a current-regulated pulsewidth modulation inverter with hysteresis controllers and a space-vector-modulated voltage-source inverter. Experimental results show that both schemes give precise, fast, and robust torque and speed tracking in the full speed range. The first configuration is more attractive due to its better transient response and reduced complexity

1. 15.     A. Benchaib, A. Rachid, E. Audrezet, M. Tadjine, "Real-time sliding-mode observer and control of an induction motor ," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 128-138, Feb. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper deals with the control and observation of an induction motor using a sliding-mode technique. The authors' aim is to regulate the speed and the square of the rotor flux magnitude to specified references. Assuming that all the states are measured, sliding surfaces are proposed within a sliding-mode control framework. Then, the stator voltages are derived such that the sliding surfaces are asymptotically attractive since, in practice, the rotor fluxes are not usually measurable, a sliding-mode observer is derived to estimate the rotor fluxes. Furthermore, it is shown that their observer is robust against modeling uncertainties and measurement noise. To illustrate their purpose, they present experimental results for a 0.37-kW induction motor obtained on a digital-signal-processor-based system (TMS 320C31/40 MHz). The experimental results show that the proposed control system is robust against rotor resistance variations

1. 16.     S.R. Shaw, S.B. Leeb, "Identification of induction motor parameters from transient stator current measurements," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 139-149, Feb. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper describes three methods for estimating the lumped model parameters of an induction motor using startup transient data. A three-phase balanced induction motor is assumed. Measurements of the stator currents and voltages are required for the identification procedure, but no measurements from the motor shaft are needed. The first method presented applies simple models with limited temporal domains of validity and obtains parameter estimates by extrapolating the model error bias to zero. This method does not minimize any specific error criterion and is presented as a means of finding a good initial guess for a conventional iterative maximum-likelihood or least-squares estimator. The second method presented minimizes equation errors in the induction motor model in the least-square sense using a Levenburg-Marquardt iteration. The third identification method is a continuation of the Levenburg-Marquardt method, motivated by observed properties of some pathological loss functions. The third method minimizes errors in the observations in the least-squared sense and is, therefore, a maximum-likelihood estimator under appropriate conditions of normality. The performance of the identification schemes is demonstrated with both simulated and measured data, and parameters obtained using the methods are compared with parameters obtained from standard tests

1. 17.     P. Marino, M. Milano, F. Vasca, "Linear quadratic state feedback and robust neural network estimator for field-oriented-controlled induction motors," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 150-161, Feb. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A field-oriented control scheme for an induction motor with a linear quadratic optimal regulator and a robust neural network estimator is proposed. The state feedback is designed by using the synchronous frame motor model. The number of the states is increased in order to take into account the presence of two integrators on the flux and torque errors. The resulting model is suitably simplified and the corresponding approximations are discussed. The procedure proposed is shown to be suitable also for the design of the state feedback via the pole placement technique. A comparison with standard proportional integral regulators is provided. The rotor flux is estimated by using a robust neural network observer. The network training set is suitably designed in order to preserve the drive effectiveness also in the presence of large parameter uncertainties. The robust neural observer is compared with an extended Kalman filter and a standard neural network observer. Using a 250 kW induction motor as a case study, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed solution, both during transient and steady-state operating conditions

1. 18.     Y. Hori, H. Sawada, Yeonghan Chun, "Slow resonance ratio control for vibration suppression and disturbance rejection in torsional system," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 162-168, Feb. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : In the resonance ratio control, which the authors proposed for vibration suppression and disturbance rejection in a torsional system, the estimation speed of the disturbance observer should have been much faster than the resonance frequency of the controlled system. However, too fast a disturbance observer sometimes causes an implementation problem. In this paper, the authors give the optimal speed of the disturbance observer and propose a novel technique named “slow resonance ratio control”. It does not have any fast part in the controller. It also enables us to design the speed control and the vibration suppression control almost completely independently

1. 19.     Shiuh-Jer Huang, Chiou-Yuarn Shy, "Fuzzy logic for constant force control of end milling," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 169-176, Feb. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The machining condition usually has significant variation resulting from the change of cutting depth and the intrinsic property of the workpiece. In order to maintain the performance of a classical proportional integral derivative control system, the tool life and machining quality, conservative feedrate, and cutting depth change are prespecified as the limitations of computer numerically controlled operators. Therefore, constant cutting force control is proposed as a useful approach for increasing the metal removal rate and the tool life. However, the model-based controller cannot handle the nonlinearity of a force control system due to cutting condition variations. Here, a fuzzy controller with learning ability was employed to improve both the system performance and the adaptability. This control approach vias implemented on a retrofit old-fashioned milling machine for the end milling process. The experimental results show that this control strategy has smooth feedrate and good cutting force dynamic responses

1. 20.     A.M. Stankovic, G. Tadmor, Z.J. Coric, I. Agirman, "On torque ripple reduction in current-fed switched reluctance motors," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 177-183, Feb. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper addresses a basic control issue in switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives-the production of a ripple-free torque. Simple and largely model-independent conventional supply waveforms are not able to satisfy this requirement. The goal of this paper is to improve SRM dynamical performance by compensating for motor nonlinearities, while maintaining the robustness of conventional methods. The method is based on a complete parameterization of position-dependent voltage and current profiles in ripple-free operation, and on a waveform optimization to minimize power supply requirements. Furthermore, model uncertainties are included to show that the proposed strategy consistently outperforms the conventional policy. Experimental data verifying the analytical approach are included

1. 21.     S. Bolognani, R. Oboe, M. Zigliotto, "Sensorless full-digital PMSM drive with EKF estimation of speed and rotor position," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 184-191, Feb. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper concerns the realization of a sensorless permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motor drive. Position and angular speed of the rotor are obtained through an extended Kalman filter. The estimation algorithm does not require either the knowledge of the mechanical parameters or the initial rotor position, overcoming two of the main drawbacks of other estimation techniques. The drive also incorporates a digital d-q current control, which can be easily tuned with locked rotor. The experimental setup includes a PM synchronous motor, a pulsewidth modulation voltage-source inverter, and floating-point digital-signal-processor-based control system

1. 22.     Hyeoun-Dong Lee, Seog-Joo Kang, Seung-Ki Sul, "Efficiency-optimized direct torque control of synchronous reluctance motor using feedback linearization," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 192-198, Feb. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : In this paper, a nonlinear controller capable of high dynamic torque regulation and efficiency optimization of the synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) using input-output feedback linearization is proposed. The cross-coupling effects in the SynRM model and the torque nonlinearity due to the iron losses in torque-speed characteristics of the SynRM are discussed. The criterion for the efficiency optimization is also introduced and investigated. Since the proposed nonlinear controller directly regulates the torque by selecting the product of d- and q-axes torque currents as one of the output variables, the nonlinear and cross-coupling aspects between the d-and q-axes torque currents and the terminal currents can he eliminated. Hence, the linear torque-speed characteristic can be achieved. In addition, by controlling the power loss-minimizing criterion directly, the proposed controller can optimize the efficiency of the SynRM without deteriorating the dynamics performance

1. 23.     Han Ding, S.K. Tso, "A fully neural-network-based planning scheme for torque minimization of redundant manipulators," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 199-206, Feb. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The aim of this paper is to develop a new method for minimizing joint torques of redundant manipulators in the Chebyshev sense and to present a fully neural-network-based computational scheme for its implementation. Minimax techniques are used to determine the null space acceleration vector which can guarantee to minimize the maximum joint torque. For real-time implementation, we transform the proposed method into a computation of a recurrent neural network. At each time step, the neural network is adopted for both the solution of the least-norm joint acceleration and the determination of the optimum null space acceleration vector. Compared with previous torque minimization schemes, the proposed method enables more direct monitoring and control of the magnitudes of the individual joint torques than does the minimization of the sum of squares of the components. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective for the torque minimization control of redundant manipulators

1. 24.     D.L. Hung, Heng-Da Cheng, S. Sengkhamyong, "Design of a hardware accelerator for real-time moment computation: a wavefront away approach," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 207-218, Feb. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : In image processing, pattern recognition, and computer vision, one of the most powerful techniques for feature extraction is to use moments. Real-time applications of this method, however, have been prohibited due to the intensive computation encountered in calculating the moments. One solution to this problem is to adopt specially designed hardware accelerators. This paper describes, from a practical standpoint, the design of a custom hardware accelerator for speeding up the moment computation. The design of the core functional units and the design of the overall system based on a wavefront array architecture are discussed. The moment accelerator can be easily configured into different sizes to meet diverse application requirements cost effectively. Testing results based on implementation using field-programmable gate array devices show that, at an affordable cost, the proposed hardware accelerator can deliver real-time speeds for moment computation. Elimination of this computational bottleneck makes it possible to use moments-based features in real-time industrial applications

1. 25.     C. Boukouvalas, J. Kittler, R. Marik, M. Petrou, "Color grading of randomly textured ceramic tiles using color histograms," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 219-226, Feb. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The authors present a method designed to solve the problem of automatic color shade grading for industrial inspection of randomly textured multicolored ceramic tiles. Their grading method is based on the comparison of color histograms and they present results of correctly grading several series of ceramic tiles, the differences of which were at the threshold of human perception

1. 26.     Lichuan Li, "Copper loss reduction of a voice-coil motor for cutting tool positioning using an auxiliary rotary motor," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 227-229, Feb. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : When a voice-coil motor is used for cutting tool positioning under load forces, it is likely to have a high copper loss and, consequently, a high temperature rise. A novel solution that uses an auxiliary rotary motor is proposed. The design approach is discussed. A design example with simulations is given

1. 27.     H. Ding, S.K. Tso, "Redundancy resolution of robotic manipulators with neural computation," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 230-233, Feb. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This letter presents a neural-network-based computational scheme for redundancy resolution of manipulators. The Tank-Hopfield (TH) network is adopted for pseudoinverse and inverse kinematics calculations and it can provide joint velocity and joint acceleration solutions within a time frame of the order of hundreds of nanoseconds. Incorporating the TH network into the redundancy resolution scheme allows planning algorithms to be implemented in real time. Simulation results for a three-link planar manipulator are presented to demonstrate that the proposed approach is efficient and practical

 

 

Volume 46,  Number 2, Apr. 1999           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



2. 1.     M. Matsuo, T. Suetsugu, S. Mori, I. Sasase, "Class DE current-source parallel resonant inverter," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 242-248, Apr. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper introduces a Class DE current-source parallel resonant inverter, along with its design procedure and experimental results. This circuit offers several desirable features. First, the proposed circuit lacks harmonic components of input current over the voltage-source inverters. Second, the source pin of the MOSFET is directly connected to the ground, so that it is not necessary to use a complicated gate-drive circuit. Third, by maintaining zero-current switching, power loss by the parasitic inductor at turn-off decreases. The measured efficiency is over 90% at the output power of 3.5 W and the operating frequency of 0.5 MHz

2. 2.     Yueh-Ru Yang, Chern-Lin Chen, "Steady-state analysis and simulation of a BJT self-oscillating ZVS-CV ballast driven by a saturable transformer," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 249-260, Apr. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The steady-state oscillation of a zero-voltage-switching clamped-voltage self-oscillating ballast driven by a saturable transformer is analyzed and simulated. Its self-oscillating operation is divided into six stages according to the hysteresis B-H loop of saturable transformer cores. Stage-wise circuit analysis shows the saturable transformer limits the lamp current and dominates the switching frequency of the ballast. The saturating behavior of driving and switching devices clearly distinguishes this self-oscillating inverter from an external-drive high-quality-factor resonant inverter. Analytical results are verified by mathematical simulation and laboratory experiment

2. 3.     P.K. Jain, J.R. Espinoza, N.A. Ismail, "A single-stage zero-voltage zero-current-switched full-bridge DC power supply with extended load power range," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 261-270, Apr. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A single-stage power-factor-corrected pulsewidth modulation power converter with extended load power range is presented. The topology is based on a zero-voltage zero-current-switched full-bridge (ZVZCS-FB) inverter. Steady-state analysis of the topology shows that by operating the LC load filter in discontinuous mode, the DC-link voltage remains bounded and independent of the load level. Therefore, the load power range can be further expanded, including the no-load operating condition. The analysis also shows that the extension of the load power range is achieved without any penalty in: (1) the input power factor (due to the input current waveshaping feature); (2) the power converter efficiency (due to ZVZCS and the single-stage features); and (3) the load voltage quality (due to the high bandwidth of the phase control loop). Simulated and experimental results are included to show the feasibility of the proposed scheme

2. 4.     W.G. Hurley, M.C. Duffy, S. O'Reilly, S.C. O'Mathuna, "Impedance formulas for planar magnetic structures with spiral windings," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 271-278, Apr. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : It is well established that magnetic components may be reduced in size by operating at high frequency. Miniaturization of magnetic components is ideally suited to microelectronics technologies such as thick films, which lend them to planar geometries. This paper describes new analytical models, which predict inductance- and frequency-dependent eddy-current losses in magnetic substrates. Prototype devices were fabricated by a thick-film process with four layers of conductors on a single ferrite substrate and in a sandwich configuration, consisting of conductors between ferrite slabs. The prototype devices were tested in the frequency range 10 kHz-100 MHz. The measurements confirm the validity of the analytical models. Simulation with finite-element analysis was employed to identify different sources of losses: eddy current losses in ferrite substrates; proximity effect losses in conductors; and dielectric losses

2. 5.     Y. Konishi, M. Nakaoka, "Current-fed three-phase and voltage-fed three-phase active converters with optimum PWM pattern scheme and their performance evaluations," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 279-287, Apr. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper describes a new approach to select the optimum sinewave pulsewidth modulation (PWM) patterns suitable for a large-capacity current-fed active PWM power converter and a practical design procedure to determine circuit constants of a low-pass filter connected to suppress higher line current harmonics flowing into the utility-grid AC power source. A feasible test is implemented by building a prototype 500 kW three-phase current-fed PWM power converter which is designed and controlled on the basis of the proposed considerations. It is verified from a practical point of view that these new conceptual considerations are more effective and acceptable to minimize higher harmonic current components flowing into the utility-grid AC power source. This experimental setup provides highly efficient steady-state characteristics of the current-fed three-phase PWM power converter under the operating condition of a unity power factor correction and sinewave line current shaping schemes. Furthermore, this unique optimum PWM pattern derived from the theoretical method proposed here is conveniently applicable to a voltage-fed three-phase PWM converter. It is verified that this optimum PWM pattern provides excellent switching performance with a lower switching frequency mode than the conventional carrier-based PWM scheme

2. 6.     V. Belaguli, A.K.S. Bhat, "Operation of the LCC-type parallel resonant converter as a low harmonic rectifier," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 288-299, Apr. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A single-phase high-frequency transformer isolated single-stage AC-to-DC controlled rectifier with low line current harmonic distortion using a variable-frequency controlled LCC-type (or series-parallel) resonant power converter (SPRC) is presented. A simple analysis and design procedure is used for designing the converter for low line current harmonic distortion and high power factor operation. The converter performance characteristics have been verified with SPICE3 simulations (without active control) and experimental prototype SPRC (rated at 150 W, with and without active control) for variation in load as well as line voltage. When operated with active current shaping, this converter operates in zero-voltage-switching mode for the complete range, maintaining power factor close to unity with low line current distortion and low peak current compared to the parallel resonant converter

2. 7.     A. Brambilla, "A 2-kW 100-kHz power converter," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 300-308, Apr. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The literature contains many papers on resonant switching power converters and their main drawbacks, such as the variable driving frequency. In this paper, we show another approach to the design of switched converters that takes its origin from the high-power converters based on thyristors. It is well known that thyristors are switched off at “zero current” by firing a current oscillation with an auxiliary circuit. These converters work at fixed frequency driven with the pulsewidth modulation technique. We have replaced thyristors with faster devices like insulated gate bipolar transistors and have reused the same ideas at high frequencies (100 kHz), showing that good performance and efficiency can be easily obtained

2. 8.     Jang-Hyoun Youm, Bong-Hwan Kwon, "Switching technique for current-controlled AC-to-AC converters," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 309-318, Apr. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The AC-to-AC converter called the matrix converter is very simple in structure and has powerful controllability. However, there are few practical applications, particularly in power electronics fields. The major reasons largely lie in the commutation problem and complexity of the control circuit. This paper proposes a novel commutation technique which is very simple to implement. This commutation scheme allows the deadtime to avoid current spikes of nonideal switches and, at the same time, establishes a current path of the inductive load to avoid voltage spikes. A switching technique of the matrix converter using a space-vector-modulation (SVM) based hysteresis current controller (HCC) is also proposed. The switching technique is implemented without any computational burden and is controlled with a simple control circuit. This technique utilizes advantages of the HCC and SVM technique. Simulation and experimental results obtained on a 5 kW single-phase AC chopper and an 11 kW three-phase to three-phase matrix converter are discussed

2. 9.     J. Svensson, M. Lindgren, "Influence of nonlinearities on the frequency response of a grid-connected vector-controlled VSC," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 319-324, Apr. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : In this paper, the small-signal performance of different vector controllers for grid-connected voltage-source converters is investigated. Losses in the line filter, as well as nonlinearities due to blanking time and nonideal valves, are usually not modeled in the evaluation of the performance of control principles. A method to compensate for nonlinearities due to blanking time and nonideal valves is implemented. Furthermore, the influence of the compensation principle on the performance of traditional deadbeat controllers is shown in measured frequency responses. The compensation method reduces the cross-coupling gain and improves the direct-coupling gain. To show the influence of nonlinearities, measured frequency responses are compared with responses obtained from analytical models. At high frequencies, the frequency-dependent losses in the line filter should be taken into account to predict the dynamic performance correctly

2. 10.     K. Jezernik, "VSS control of unity power factor," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 325-332, Apr. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Three-phase pulsewidth modulation (PWM) converters, specifically, voltage-source inverters (VSI), are possibly the most frequently used power converters for applications such as industrial motor control, robotics, air conditioning and ventilation, uninterruptible power supplies, electric vehicles, etc. With the introduction of standards on limiting harmonic pollution of electrical power distribution systems, three-phase PWM converters are being considered as prime candidates for interfacing high-power electronic equipment to power supply lines. In these applications, converters can provide input currents without distortion and with unity power factor. In this paper, the idea of using variable-structure system (VSS) control strategy of a boost rectifier in sliding mode is described. A new discrete-time control algorithm has been developed by combining VSS and Lyapunov design. It possesses all the good properties of the sliding mode and avoids the unnecessary discontinuity of the central input, thus eliminating chattering, which has been considered a serious obstacle to applications of VSS. A unified control approach for output DC voltage and input AC currents based on discrete-time sliding mode is developed. The reference tracking performance is demonstrated in terms of transient and steady-state characteristics by simulation and experimental results. The invariance and the robustness features of the proposed control method are verified by experiment in the presence of large uncertainty in parameters and external perturbations

2. 11.     D. Nedeljkovic, J. Nastran, D. Voncina, V. Ambrozic, "Synchronization of active power filter current reference to the network," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 333-339, Apr. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper presents an improved method of current reference determination for a parallel active power filter. To insure sinusoidal line currents, thus reducing reactive power, an integrative method of reference calculation is applied. As a result, satisfactory response of line current to the load change is achieved. One of the major problems, the synchronization to the net voltage, is also considered. Classical solution is based on zero-cross detection of line voltage. Since this approach is very sensitive to the voltage distortions, a new method is suggested, relying on voltage fundamental harmonic calculation. These ideas were tested on a three-phase active power filter, controlled by 32-bit microcontroller

2. 12.     Tzuen-Lih Chern, J. Chang, Chien-Hung Chen, Hann-Tzong Su, "Microprocessor-based modified discrete integral variable-structure control for UPS," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 340-348, Apr. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper presents a digital signal processor microprocessor-based high-performance uninterruptible power system (UPS). It also modifies the integral variable-structure control (IVSC) approach to be more suitable for the UPS, which is tracking a sinusoidal AC voltage with specified frequency and amplitude. Since the implementation of the control laws has tended to the digital microprocessor, the paper extends the modified IVSC to the discrete time domain. Procedures are developed for determining the control function, the switching plane and the integral control gain, so that the system has desired properties. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed scheme can supply a high-quality voltage power source in the presence of load disturbance and parameter variation

2. 13.     J. Hirai, Tae-Woong Kim, A. Kawamura, "Practical study on wireless transmission of power and information for autonomous decentralized manufacturing system," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 349-359, Apr. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : In previous papers, the authors have already introduced the idea of an autonomous decentralized manufacturing system (ADMS), in which machines receive electrical energy through wireless power transmission and also are decentrally controlled through wireless transmission of the control and feedback data. With this idea, the degree of freedom in motion control is enlarged, and the system has the capability of adaptive reconfiguration to product variation as a result. In this paper, the practical problems for realization of wireless transmission of power and information (WTPI) needed for the proposed ADMS are clarified, and the practical solutions to these problems are presented. Several industrial applications of the WTPI are also introduced

2. 14.     N.G. Coakley, R.C. Kavanagh, "Real-time control of a servosystem using the inverter-fed power lines to communicate sensor feedback," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 360-369, Apr. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : It is shown that the pulsewidth modulation inverter-fed power line is a feasible medium for the transmission of modulated digital information at data rates of over 40 kb/s and that this transmission path provides a suitable alternative to the sensor cabling between the actuator and the controller of an encoder-based servosystem. The encoder data is modulated and transmitted from the actuator to the controller, over the inverter-fed power cable. The data is modulated using frequency-shift keying, based on a center frequency of 5 MHz. Specialized magnetics design techniques are outlined for the coupling and decoupling circuits which transfer the modulated digital information to and from the power lines. A software observer is employed to improve the velocity derived from the received position information, and this velocity is used in the motion control algorithm to generate a reference torque signal for the controller

2. 15.     Z. Hakan Akpolat, G.M. Asher, J.C. Clare, "Dynamic emulation of mechanical loads using a vector-controlled induction motor-generator set," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 370-379, Apr. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper addresses the problem of electronic emulation of both linear and nonlinear mechanical loads using a vector-controlled induction machine dynamometer. It is shown that a basic emulation scheme where the dynamometer torque demand is derived from the inverse dynamics of the emulated load is not generally viable, especially if the emulated load is part of a closed-loop speed control system. A new feedforward speed-tracking control scheme for the dynamometer is presented, which preserves the load dynamics and allows for emulation of a large class of nonlinear loads. An experimental rig is described using vector-controlled induction machines as the drive motor and dynamometer, and experimental results showing excellent emulation of both linear and nonlinear load dynamics are presented

2. 16.     Hsin-Jang Shieh, Kuo-Kai Shyu, "Nonlinear sliding-mode torque control with adaptive backstepping approach for induction motor drive," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 380-389, Apr. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : In this paper, the nonlinear sliding-mode torque and flux control combined with the adaptive backstepping approach for an induction motor drive is proposed. Based on the state-coordinates transformed model representing the torque and flux magnitude dynamics, the nonlinear sliding-mode control is designed to track a linear reference model. Furthermore, the adaptive backstepping control approach is utilized to obtain the robustness for mismatched parameter uncertainties. With the proposed control of torque and flux amplitude, the controlled induction motor drive possesses the advantages of good transient performance and robustness to parametric uncertainties, and the transient dynamics of the induction motor drive can be regulated through the design of a linear reference model which has the desired dynamic behaviors for the drive system. Finally, some experimental results are demonstrated to validate the proposed controllers

2. 17.     Y.J. Zhan, C.C. Chan, K.T. Chau, "A novel sliding-mode observer for indirect position sensing of switched reluctance motor drives," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 390-397, Apr. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive generally requires a rotor position sensor for commutation and current control. However, the use of this position sensor increases both cost and size of the motor drive and causes limitations for industrial applications. In this paper, a novel indirect position sensing technique, namely, the sliding-mode observer, is proposed for SRM drives. The corresponding design approach and operating performance are provided to illustrate the fast convergence and high robustness of the observer against disturbances and variations

2. 18.     B. Kaku, I. Miyashita, S. Sone, "A novel prediction method of acoustic magnetic noise based on induction motor's NHCC function," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 398-406, Apr. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : When an induction motor is driven by a pulsewidth modulation (PWM) inverter, acoustic magnetic noise caused by harmonics of the induction motor input is a serious environmental problem. In this paper, a novel prediction method of acoustic magnetic noise is proposed. Acoustic magnetic noise emitted from an induction motor is considered as the function of harmonic components of induction motor current. The acoustic magnetic noise versus harmonic current characteristic (NHCC) function is defined. This NHCC function describes the response of acoustic magnetic noise to a single-frequency harmonic current. Based on the NHCC function, acoustic magnetic noise can be predicted very easily and accurately, simply by the calculation of harmonic components of the induction motor current. By making use of this method, the difficulties of the conventional prediction method, such as the complex calculations of magnetic force, mechanical resonant frequencies, and sound radiation efficiency can be avoided. This novel method can be used as a tool for environmental noise management and evaluation of low-acoustic magnetic noise characteristics of different inverter PWM control methods

2. 19.     H.T. Grimmelius, P.P. Meiler, H.L.M.M. Maas, B. Bonnier, J.S. Grevink, R.F. van Kuilenburg, "Three state-of-the-art methods for condition monitoring," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 407-416, Apr. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper describes and compares three different state-of-the-art condition monitoring techniques: first principles, feature extraction, and neural networks. The focus of the paper is on the application of the techniques, not on the underlying theory. Each technique is described briefly and is accompanied by a discussion on how it can be applied properly. The discussion is finished with an enumeration of the advantages and disadvantages of the technique. Two condition monitoring cases, taken from the marine engineering field, are explored: condition monitoring of a diesel engine, using only the torsional vibration of the crank shaft, and condition monitoring of a compression refrigeration plant, using many different sensors. Attention is also paid to the detection of sensor malfunction and to the user interface. The experience from the cases shows that all techniques are showing promising results and can be used to provide the operator with information about the monitored machinery on a higher level. The main problem remains the acquisition of the required knowledge, either from measured data or from analysis

2. 20.     G. Cena, A. Valenzano, "Efficient implementation of semaphores in controller area networks ," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 417-428, Apr. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Synchronization of concurrent activities by means of semaphores is widely adopted in industrial distributed systems. This paper presents some mechanisms which facilitate the efficient implementation of the popular semaphore concept in real-time networks based on the controller area network medium access technique. The advantages obtained by adopting the proposed solution are twofold. First, better performance can be obtained because most of the semaphore management mechanisms are moved from the application to the physical and data-link communication layers. Second, a fully distributed management scheme is implemented, and there is no need to place the semaphore control structures on a particular node in the network

2. 21.     M. Al-Mouhamed, "An efficient indexing scheme for image storage and recognition," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 429-439, Apr. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper presents a model-based vision system to achieve robust recognition of planar contours that are scale invariant of known models. Planar contours are partitioned into segments by using constant curvature criterion. A set of descriptors that are invariant with respect to scale, rotation, and translation are extracted from the geometric features of the segments. The descriptors are used to carry out an efficient indexed search over the models so as to reduce the search space. Fragments of contours extracted from partially occluded scenes can be individually matched by using the local shape descriptors. Pruning of large portions of the models is carried out by keeping only some matched classes which received the highest vote. This significantly reduces the search and enables the use of finer matching operators, such as comparing the positioning of segments in the scene to positioning of matched segments in the model. More sophisticated matching is applied in later stages over a much restricted number of hypotheses. Therefore, the dependency of the recognition time over the size of the models is significantly reduced. Evaluation shows the ability of our approach to recognize scenes with real partially occluded objects. Entirely visible objects are recognized with a reasonably high efficiency (80%), even with a change in viewpoint of up to 25°. The efficiency smoothly decreases, but remains above 60% when the percentage of visible segments drops to 50% and the change in viewpoint is as above

2. 22.     Guanyu Wang, Dajun Chen, Jianya Lin, Xing Chen, "The application of chaotic oscillators to weak signal detection," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 440-444, Apr. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : In this paper, the authors introduce a signal detection scheme based on the bifurcation behavior of the driven Duffing oscillator. Chaotic systems are sensitive to certain signals and immune to noise at the same time, the properties of which demonstrate their potential application in weak signal detection. Starting from the analysis of the intermittent chaotic motion occurring in the detecting process, they put forward a new frequency-locking principle based on the periodic characteristic of the intermittent chaos. Then, an exposition is made on how to use an array of the oscillators to detect the weak signals of unknown frequency

2. 23.     A. Bouhal, M.A. Jafari, Wen-Biao Han, Tong Fang, "Tracking control and trajectory planning in layered manufacturing applications," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 445-451, Apr. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper discusses the improvements acquired by the introduction of a tracking controller and a look-ahead trajectory-planning policy in part fabrication using the layer manufacturing process. The improvements are quantified not only in terms of tracking and contouring errors, but they are also quantified in terms of overfilled and underfilled areas, thus directly relating the quality of parts fabricated through such a process

2. 24.     D. Kim, In-Hyun Cho, "An accurate and cost-effective fuzzy logic controller with a fast searching of moment equilibrium point," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 452-465, Apr. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper proposes a cost-effective architecture of fuzzy logic controller (FLC) that works in an accurate and fast manner. The accuracy of the proposed FLC is obtained by using the center of gravity (COG) defuzzifier that considers both membership values and spans of membership functions in calculating a crisp value. The cost effectiveness of the proposed FLC is obtained by restructuring the conventionally simplified FLC in the following ways. Firstly, the MAX-MIN inference is replaced by a read-modify-write operation that can be implemented economically in the structure of register files. Secondly, the division in the COG defuzzifier is avoided by finding the moment equilibrium point. The proposed COG defuzzifier has two disadvantages, in that it requires additional multipliers and it takes a lot of computation time to find the moment equilibrium point. The first disadvantage is overcome by replacing the multipliers with stochastic AND operations and the second disadvantage is alleviated by using a coarse-to-fine searching algorithm. The hardware complexity of the proposed FLC is analyzed in terms of the number of building blocks. Simulation of the proposed FLC to the truck backer-upper control problem is performed in VHDL, and the control performance of the proposed FLC is compared with that of the conventionally simplified FLC in terms of average tracing distance

2. 25.     A.M. Karshenas, M.W. Dunnigan, B.W. Williams, "Wavelet power spectrum smoothing for random vibration control," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 466-467, Apr. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper compares the wavelet power spectrum smoothing method with the Welch method in the random vibration control algorithm of an electrodynamic shaker. Practical results show that the wavelet smoothing method improves the control algorithm performance significantly

2. 26.     In-Hwan Oh, Myung-Joong Youn, "A simple soft-switched PWM inverter using source voltage clamped resonant circuit," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 468-471, Apr. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A simple resonant link inverter is proposed to achieve pulsewidth modulation operation by using a single set of auxiliary resonant circuits which provides the soft-switching function to all main switches. With the proposed circuit, the clamped output link voltage, soft switching of all switches and reduced current stress on the resonant switch can be obtained

2. 27.     C.W. Lu, "Torque controller for brushless DC motors," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 471-473, Apr. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A high-performance torque controller is proposed for three-phase brushless DC motor drives. The strategy is based on variable-structure control and a new synchronous reference frame is utilized. Advantages over conventional strategies include improved dynamic performance, reduced acoustic noise, improved drive efficiency and enhanced inverter utilization

2. 28.     G.L. Arsov, L.P. Panovski, "An improved PSpice model for the MOS-controlled thyristor," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 473-477, Apr. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Improvements to the PSpice model for the MOS-controlled thyristor (MCT) (as discussed by Yuvarajan and Quek, 1995) are proposed. The improved MCT model is capable of simulating the breakover and breakdown characteristics of an MCT and working properly at high frequencies. The simulation results of various circuits show quite accurate behavior of the proposed model
2. 29.     T.W.S. Chow, Oulian Shuai, Hong-Zhou Tan, "Correction to "Semiblind Identification of Nonminimum-Phase ARMA Models via Order Recursion with Higher Order Cumulants"," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 477-477, Apr. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Not Available

 

Volume 46,  Number 3, Jun. 1999           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



3. 1.     B.S. Lee, Jaehong Hahn, P.N. Enjeti, I.J. Pitel, "A robust three-phase active power-factor-correction and harmonic reduction scheme for high power," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 483-494, Jun. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper proposes a robust three-phase active power-factor-correction (PFC) and harmonic reduction scheme suitable for higher power applications. The proposed system is a unique combination of a low-kilovoltampere 12-pulse rectifier system with a single-phase boost PFC scheme to shape the input current to near sinusoidal waveshape. The voltampere rating of the active PFC converter is 0.05 pu and is not exposed to line transients under varying load conditions. The proposed system is suitable for utility interface of higher power rectifiers employed in power supplies and adjustable-speed drive systems which demand clean input power characteristics in the range of 1-500 kW. The proposed system is rugged and, in the event the active control were to fail, the system reverts to 12-pulse operation with fifth and seventh harmonic cancellation. Analysis and design of the system is examined in detail, and simulation and experimental results on a 10 kVA prototype are shown

3. 2.     D.J. Perreault, J.G. Kassakian, "Design and evaluation of a cellular rectifier system with distributed control," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 495-503, Jun. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper presents the design and experimental evaluation of a six-cell 6 kW cellular (parallel) rectifier system which operates at nearly unity power factor. The cellular rectifier system implements both distributed load sharing and distributed ripple cancellation, eliminating the need for any centralized control. The implemented system mitigates some of the major drawbacks of its single-converter counterpart and achieves performance levels that cannot be achieved with an equivalent single converter

3. 3.     A.D. Le Roux, J.A. Du Toit, J.H.R. Enslin, "Integrated active rectifier and power quality compensator with reduced current measurement," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 504-511, Jun. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper describes a three-phase integrated active rectifier and shunt power quality compensator (IPQC). The measurement of only three currents is required, and the control algorithm can be implemented using a low-cost controller. The IPQC improves the harmonic content of the supply current, displacement power factor, supply current balance, and can serve as a four-quadrant active rectifier for motor drives and other DC-link loads. The operation of the IPQC is experimentally verified using a conventional three-phase insulated gate bipolar transistor voltage-source inverter. A low-cost fixed-point DSP-based controller with fixed-band hysteresis current regulation is used for the implementation of the control algorithms

3. 4.     Chern-Lin Chen, Che-Ming Lee, Rong-Jie Tu, Guo-Kiang Horng, "A novel simplified space-vector-modulated control scheme for three-phase switch-mode rectifier," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 512-516, Jun. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A novel simplified control scheme for a three-phase switch-mode rectifier is proposed in this paper. The proposed control scheme is based upon a load-conductance rectifier controller, in which reference current signals are obtained. The goal to follow the reference current is converted to follow a reference voltage. A simplified control scheme utilizing space-vector modulation is developed to calculate the duty ratio required to synthesize the reference voltage. The proposed scheme has the advantage of space-vector modulation with fast dynamic response and is simple enough to be implemented in a single-chip microprocessor 80196MC

3. 5.     Dae-Woong Chung, Seung-Ki Sul, "Minimum-loss strategy for three-phase PWM rectifier," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 517-526, Jun. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : In this paper, the conduction and switching losses of a voltage-fed three-phase pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectifier are analyzed for various PWM schemes. On the basis of this result, a novel PWM strategy which minimizes the loss of a three-phase PWM rectifier is developed. This minimization result is derived from the following two factors: (1) less switching frequency ratio; and (2) the absence of switching in the vicinity of peak input current. As a result, it is anticipated that the switching loss of the rectifier is reduced by 46%, compared with continuous space-vector PWM rectifiers, and 20% compared with conventional discontinuous space-vector PWM rectifiers. Moreover, the proposed PWM scheme can produce the highest available output voltage because it is based on the concept of the voltage space vector. The effectiveness of the proposed PWM strategy is verified by experiments

3. 6.     S. Fukuda, Y. Matsumoto, A. Sagawa, "Optimal-regulator-based control of NPC boost rectifiers for unity power factor and reduced neutral-point-potential variations," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 527-534, Jun. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Neutral-point-clamped pulsewidth modulation rectifiers (NPCRs) are suitable for high-voltage systems because of their circuit structure. The NPCRs, however, have a problem, in that the neutral point potential (NPP) varies when the current flows into or out of the neutral point. The variations cause voltage deviations in the input waveforms, as well as unbalanced voltage stress on the devices. This paper describes a controlling method for NPCRs based on a state-space model. There are three control objectives: (1) to keep the power factor at unity; (2) to keep the DC-link voltage at a reference value; and (3) to keep the neutral point potential at 0 V. The neutral point current is treated as one of the inputs. The controller is designed based on the optimal regulator theory in order to achieve the three control objectives simultaneously. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by experimental results

3. 7.     Ming-Tsung Tsai, W.I. Tsai, "Analysis and design of three-phase AC-to-DC converters with high power factor and near-optimum feedforward," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 535-543, Jun. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper presents a three-phase pulsewidth modulated AC-to-DC power converter with unity power factor and near-optimum dynamic regulation. A general mathematical model of the converter has been established to lead to a comprehensive analysis. The averaged small-signal technique is used to obtain the near-optimum feedforward compensator, thus resulting in the output impedance, and the audio susceptibility become zero, that is, the output voltage of the converter presented in this paper is independent of variations of the DC load current and the utility voltage. The proposed procedure of analysis is simple and effective, and it is also easy to implement. Finally, the theoretical formulations are verified both by simulated and experimental results in a 5 kW laboratory prototype system

3. 8.     H. Komurcugil, O. Kukrer, "A novel current-control method for three-phase PWM AC/DC voltage-source converters," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 544-553, Jun. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper presents a novel current-control-based control strategy, obtained in stationary frame, for a three-phase pulsewidth-modulated AC/DC voltage-source converter. In this control strategy, an error voltage is produced from the comparison of the output DC voltage with a DC reference voltage. This error voltage is then utilized by a proportional plus integral controller to generate a command signal for the input line current amplitude and is automatically controlled to the desired value. Therefore, there is no need to measure the input line currents. Stability analysis of the closed-loop system is made, and the stability region for proportional and integral gains which makes the operating point stable is also found. The resulting closed-loop system not only exhibits good transient response, but also provides sinusoidal line currents and unity power factor, both in the rectifying and regenerating modes. Experimental results are presented and compared with simulations

3. 9.     K. Janson, J. Jarvik, "AC-DC converter with parametric reactive power compensation," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 554-562, Jun. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Resonant converters of 50 (60) Hz AC-DC are described, where each half cycle of network voltage the capacitor and inductor of an oscillatory circuit are switched from series into parallel and vice versa. The duration of series and parallel connection and also the transformer ratio are parametrically dependent on load. In the case of short circuit, only the parallel oscillating circuit operates. This restricts sharply the output current. The reactive power of the capacitor and the inductor compensate each other, both in the cases of series and parallel connection. Therefore, the power factor is very high from no load to short circuit. This converter fits very well for supplying arc furnaces, and there is no need for the costly and fast reactive power compensator and filter circuits. The operating principle of the converter, design principles, and a real operating converter rated 5.4 MW supplying a steel-melting arc furnace are described

3. 10.     M. Hernando, J. Sebastian, P.J. Villegas, S. Ollero, "Improving dynamic response of power-factor correctors by using series-switching postregulator," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 563-568, Jun. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A new method to improve the dynamic response of power-factor correctors (PFCs) is described in this paper. The method is based on the use of a new very highly efficient postregulator, called a series-switching postregulator. This new postregulator exhibits very high efficiency due to the fact that only a part of the total power undergoes a power conversion process. The proposed postregulator can be used with any PFC topology (either with or without a transformer), with no modifications in the topology, and can be easily protected against short circuits

3. 11.     J. Sebastian, P.J. Villegas, M. Hernando, F. Nuno, F. Fernandez-Linera, "Average-current-mode control of two-input buck postregulators used in power-factor correctors," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 569-576, Jun. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The use of the average-current-mode control in the two-input buck postregulator is studied in this paper. Using this type of control, the attenuation of the input voltage ripple (100-120 Hz) increases in relation to the one obtained when a conventional voltage-mode control (with or without feedforward) is used and, therefore, lower bulk capacitors can be used to obtain a very low voltage ripple at the output, which is very important when a battery is connected at the output. This is very common in distributed power supply systems

3. 12.     G. Spiazzi, J.A. Pomilio, "Interaction between EMI filter and power factor preregulators with average current control: analysis and design considerations," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 577-584, Jun. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The effects of a nonnegligible source impedance, due to the presence of an input EMI filter, on the stability of power factor preregulators (PFPs) with average current control are analyzed by using a state-space averaged model. Different from previous approaches, it allows us to derive a simple expression for the loop gain in terms of the converter current loop gain. The overall system stability was studied for boost, Cuk, and SEPIC PPP topologies. Based on this model, a simple modification of the standard current control loop is proposed which increases the converter robustness against instabilities. Comparison between model forecasts and experimental measurements was carried out using two prototypes, one based on the boost topology and the other based on the SEPIC topology, both rated at 600 W. Finally, the model accuracy was investigated with measurements at different current loop bandwidths

3. 13.     Tsai-Fu Wu, Yu-Kai Chen, "Modeling of single-stage converters with high power factor and fast regulation," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 585-593, Jun. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper presents an approach to systematically model single-stage DC/DC converters operated in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) based on the graft scheme. With the graft scheme, the active switches which are with a common node and operating in unison can be integrated to form a single stage converter (SSC). The small-signal models of the SSC can, therefore, be derived by combining those of its originally separate converters. Using the proposed approach can help yield highly related dynamic models of the converters in a family and, in addition, physical insights between the converters can be readily identified. Moreover, the expressions of the small-signal models for the SSCs operated in DCM can be extended to those in continuous-conduction-mode operation. These have made the proposed modeling method valuable and viable. Experimental measurements have demonstrated that the small-signal model of an SSC derived with the proposed approach is relatively accurate

3. 14.     J.F. Silva, "Sliding-mode control of boost-type unity-power-factor PWM rectifiers," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 594-603, Jun. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A robust sliding-mode controller, suitable for the output voltage control of voltage-sourced unity-power-factor three-phase pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectifiers, presenting no steady-state errors, is described. This “just-in-time” switching controller controls the output voltage and the line input currents, while providing bidirectional power flow, near-unity-power-factor operation, low harmonic content, fast dynamic response of the output voltage, and minimum switching frequency due to a new α-β space-vector current regulator. The voltage controller performance is compared with the behavior of the conventional proportional integral output voltage control, aided by PWM current-mode modulators, and with the nonrobust fast and slow manifold sliding-mode approach. The comparison shows that the proposed controller confers faster dynamics and does not present steady-state errors. Test results confirm that the performance of the controller is independent of system parameters and load and exceeds the performance of existing hysteretic current-mode control systems

3. 15.     O. Lopez, L. Garcia De Vicuna, M. Castilla, J. Matas, M. Lopez, "Sliding-mode-control design of a high-power-factor buck-boost rectifier," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 604-612, Jun. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper presents multi-input sliding-mode control schemes for unity-power-factor rectifiers based on buck-boost converters. The proposed controllers can effectively improve the tracking performance of the line current and the output voltage regulation. The sliding surfaces are designed by imposing a desired dynamic behavior on the system, which allows us to determine the main parameters in designing the sliding-mode controller. This results in fast controllers which provide both robustness, with regard to external disturbances, and a good dynamic response of the output voltage

3. 16.     S. Ben-Yaakov, I. Zeltser, "The dynamics of a PWM boost converter with resistive input," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 613-619, Jun. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper investigates the large- and small-signal response issues and, in particular, the inner loop gain and outer loop response of an indirect control method for active power-factor correction. The control scheme is based on sensing the average inductor current and generating a DOFF (the complement of the switch duty cycle) which is proportional to the current. The method is demonstrated by considering the performance of a boost-type active power-factor corrector (APFC) that does not need to sense the input voltage. Theoretical and experimental results confirm the validity of the approach and demonstrate that the proposed method can be useful in the design of robust APFC with low total harmonic distortion. The indirect control method investigated in this paper is also compared to the classical direct APFC control method, pointing to the differences between the two

3. 17.     S.V. Mollov, A.J. Forsyth, "Analysis, design, and resonant current control for a 1-MHz high-power-factor rectifier," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 620-627, Jun. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Fundamental frequency analysis is used to examine the LCC series-parallel loaded resonant converter with a capacitive output filter when operating as a high-power-factor rectifier. Optimum values are identified for the Q factor and voltage conversion ratio such that zero-voltage switching is just maintained, while minimizing the resonant circuit conduction losses. A simple resonant current control loop is shown to provide an effective mechanism of active control, achieving a high-quality input current waveform over a wide load range. Results are presented from a 1 MHz 160 W prototype

3. 18.     J.L. Duarte, A. Van Zwam, C. Wijnands, A. Vandenput, "Reference frames fit for controlling PWM rectifiers," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 628-630, Jun. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The authors argue that one should keep things simple when controlling bidirectional pulsewidth modulation rectifiers by considering the utility grid as a virtual electric machine. The advantage is that the air-gap flux of this big machine can be directly measured in a straightforward way. Therefore, as shown in this paper, principles of field orientation can be applied to control the power flow, yielding high-dynamic performance

3. 19.     L. Ghislanzoni, J.A. Carrasco, "A DC current transformer for large bandwidth and high common-mode rejection," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 631-636, Jun. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A review of known magnetic-coupled current-sensing techniques is presented, Subsequently, a novel technique is introduced, based on a configuration discussed in a previous paper. The previous technique made use of a galvanomagnetic device (Hall effect sensor) to sense the magnetization of a current transformer core, so that the sum of the Hall voltage and the voltage across the secondary shunt resistor would yield a faithful copy of the input current. The technique described in this paper makes use of the same principle to obtain a high bandwidth (from DC to 1 MHz) and very high common-mode rejection current transformer, without the need for a Hall effect probe. This is achieved by subtracting the high-frequency components, detected across the secondary shunt resistor, from the voltage across a primary shunt resistor connected in series with the primary of the current transformer. The resulting signal is an accurate image of the transformer magnetizing current, which is then transferred to the secondary side by means of a low-bandwidth isolation amplifier. The high-frequency components are subsequently added, to the amplified and filtered low-frequency components, by means of a third transformer winding, the number of turns of which is chosen to be equal to the gain of the low-frequency amplifier

3. 20.     Cher Ming Tan, King-Jet Tseng, "Using power diode models for circuit simulations-a comprehensive review," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 637-645, Jun. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : In recent years, a number of new models for the power diode have been proposed. The objectives of this paper are to provide the power electronics community with a comprehensive review and summary of recent power diode models. The models have been categorized systematically according to their modeling concepts with objective comparison of their status pertaining to the various modeling issues. A summary table has been created to aid power circuit design engineers and power rectifier device engineers in selecting appropriate models for their applications

3. 21.     Y. Shibata, N. Tsuchida, K. Imai, "Performance of induction motor with free-rotating magnets inside its rotor," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 646-652, Jun. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper presents a new induction motor that has free-rotating magnets inside a rotor. The magnets can revolve freely against the rotor with the shaft. In this motor, the airgap flux is provided by both rotating permanent magnets and the stator coil current. A prototype motor was fabricated by modifying the rotor of a conventional three-phase four-pole 400 W squirrel-cage induction motor. The experimental results of a prototype motor showed superior performance in comparison to conventional motors in terms of the power factor, efficiency and torque characteristics. The power factor can be controlled to be unity, leading or lagging by changing the supply frequency and/or source voltage. The efficiency of the motor, over a wide output power range, is remarkably higher than that of the same size conventional induction motor. A high torque can be obtained in a high speed area

3. 22.     Zhi-Fang Yang, Wen-Hsiang Tsai, "Viewing corridors as right parallelepipeds for vision-based vehicle localization," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 653-661, Jun. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A approach to vision-based vehicle localization by viewing corridors as a combination of right parallelepipeds is proposed. The objective is to derive the orientation and lateral position of a vehicle in a right parallelepiped corridor. These two kinds of information are all that is needed for vehicles to navigate safely in a right parallelepiped corridor. This approach offers low hardware cost and simple computation. Only one camera mounted on the vehicle is needed, and analytical formulae are derived for computing the vehicle location. The information source is the corridor ceiling. Two orthogonal sets of parallel lines on the corridor ceiling are used to detect the vanishing line of the ceiling. An equation is developed to derive the vehicle orientation by utilizing the detected vanishing line. Also, based on the observation of the variation of image line slopes when the vehicle moves laterally, another equation is established to evaluate the relative lateral position of the vehicle by utilizing the line slope of the ceiling line pointing forward. Experiments have been conducted, and acceptable vehicle localization results have been obtained, to prove the feasibility of the proposed approach

3. 23.     L.E.B. Da Silva, B.K. Bose, J.O.P. Pinto, "Recurrent-neural-network-based implementation of a programmable cascaded low-pass filter used in stator flux synthesis of vector-controlled induction motor drive," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 662-665, Jun. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The concept of programmable cascaded low-pass filter for stator flux vector synthesis by ideal integration of stator voltages at any frequency was introduced by Bose and Patel. A new form of implementation of this filter is proposed that uses a combination of recurrent neural network trained by Kalman filter and a polynomial neural network. The proposed structure is simple, permits faster implementation by digital signal processor, and gives improved performance

3. 24.     Y. Liu, P. Pillay, "A startup control algorithm for the split-link converter for a switched reluctance motor drive," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 665-667, Jun. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This letter analyzes and presents the motor startup problem when a split-link converter is used for switched reluctance motor drives. A new control algorithm to solve this problem is presented in this paper, as well as the calculation of the split-link capacitance required during normal operation

3. 25.     Jiang Ping, Hui-Tang Chen, Yue-Juan Wang, Jing Lin, "A decomposed control scheme for vision-guided manipulators curve tracking," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 667-669, Jun. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This letter presents a robot control algorithm for vision guided curve tracking using orthogonal decomposition control method. It was implemented in a glass-cutting direct-drive robot for the drawing curve input with high speed and smooth tracking performance

3. 26.     J. Chiasson, R.T. Novotnak, L.U. Gokdere, M.A. Simaan, "Comments on “A passivity-based method for induction motor control” [and reply]," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 669-671, Jun. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : In the paper by L.U. Gokdere and M.A. Simaan (see ibid., vol. 44, p.688-95, 1997), a comparison is made between a passivity based controller and an input-output linearization controller. We point out that this comparison is not valid as the same trajectory was not used for both controllers. The original authors reply to this comment pointing out that there is experimental evidence demonstrating the benefits of the passivity-based controller developed for induction motors. These include closer tracking of the same mechanical trajectory, and less sensitivity to magnetic saturation, when compared with the input-output linearization controller

3. 27.     L.U. Gokdere, M.A. Simaan, "Response to comments on "A passivity-based method for induction motor control"," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 670-671, Jun. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Not Available

 

Volume 46,  Number 4, Aug. 1999           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



4. 1.     J.W. Kolar, U. Drofenik, F.C. Zach, "VIENNA rectifier II-a novel single-stage high-frequency isolated three-phase PWM rectifier system," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 674-691, Aug. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Based on an analysis of basic realization possibilities, the structure of the power circuit of a new single-stage three-phase boost-type pulsewidth modulated (PWM) rectifier system (VIENNA Rectifier II) is developed. This system has continuous sinusoidal time behavior of the input currents and high-frequency isolation of the output voltage, which is controlled in a highly dynamic manner. As compared to a conventional two-stage realization, this system has substantially lower complexity and allows the realization of several isolated output circuits with minimum effort. The basic function of the new PWM rectifier system is described based on the conduction states occurring within a pulse period. Furthermore, a straightforward space- vector-oriented method for the system control is proposed which guarantees a symmetric magnetization of the transformer. Also, it makes possible a sinusoidal control of the mains phase currents in phase with the associated phase voltages. By digital simulation, the theoretical considerations are verified and the stresses on the power semiconductors of the new converter system are determined. Finally, results of an experimental analysis of a 2.5-kW laboratory prototype of the system are given, and the direct startup and the short-circuit protection of the converter are discussed. Also, the advantages and disadvantages of the new converter system are compiled in the form of an overview

4. 2.     H. Pinheiro, P. Jain, G. Joos, "Self-oscillating resonant AC/DC converter topology for input power-factor correction," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 692-702, Aug. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper presents the analysis and design of a single-phase single-stage high-power-factor AC/DC converter employing a series-parallel resonant topology operating in self-sustained oscillating mode. A control approach is proposed to achieve low total harmonic distortion of the input current. This approach does not require sensing of the input current. In addition, the inverter output current is limited during transients, and the converter operates with zero voltage switching for all operating conditions including open and short circuit. The performance of the proposed scheme is verified experimentally on a 500 W prototype

4. 3.     O. Garcia, J.A. Cobos, R. Prieto, P. Alou, J. Uceda, "An alternative to supply DC voltages with high power factor," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 703-709, Aug. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : AC/DC is one of the most common power conversions in power electronics, DC loads should be fed with a stable and a tight regulated voltage. At the same time, the AC/DC converter should comply with low-frequency harmonic regulation. The classical two-stage AC/DC converters achieve these two objectives, although the overall efficiency is low because the power is processed twice. An alternative solution is presented in this paper. It is based on the division of the input power in two parts, one of them processed only once and keeping a unity power factor. This strategy improves the efficiency and reduces the size of the converter without any complex control scheme. This proposal can be implemented with a great variety of well-known topologies. The experimental results show that this solution is a good tradeoff between efficiency and size

4. 4.     Jun-Young Lee, Gun-Woo Moon, Myung-Joong Youn, "Design of a power-factor-correction converter based on half-bridge topology," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 710-723, Aug. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A single-stage AC/DC converter based on a half-bridge topology suitable for low-power-level applications is proposed. The proposed converter has high power factor, low harmonic distortion, and tight output regulations. An asymmetrical control and synchronous rectification are employed to reduce the switching and rectification losses, respectively. The modeling and detailed analysis are performed to derive the design equations. Based on these design equations, a prototype converter has been designed and tested by experiment. This prototype meets the IEC 61000-3-2 regulations with near-unity power factor and high efficiency

4. 5.     M.J. Willers, M.G. Egan, S. Daly, J.M.D. Murphy, "Analysis and design of a practical discontinuous-conduction-mode BIFRED converter," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 724-733, Aug. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Impending international standards on harmonic current levels drawn by single-phase mains-operated equipment have created a need for low-cost off-line power-factor-corrected switched-mode power supply topologies in the power range up to a few hundred watts. The boost integrated/flyback rectifier/energy storage/DC-DC converter (BIFRED) is one such topology which shows promise in this regard. In particular, the discontinuous-conduction-mode (DCM) BIFRED avoids the light-load high-voltage stress problem associated with the continuous-conduction-mode design, while still achieving the combined advantages of a low-cost single-stage topology with high displacement factor and low total harmonic distortion. In this paper, a practical DCM BIFRED converter with integrated low-loss snubber is investigated from both power and small-signal control perspectives. Design equations are given to ensure DCM operation under closed-loop output voltage control, in which switch duty cycle is varying. Experimental results on a prototype converter are also presented

4. 6.     Tsai-Fu Wu, Te-Hung Yu, Yuan-Chuan Liu, "An alternative approach to synthesizing single-stage converters with power-factor-correction feature," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 734-748, Aug. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : An alternative approach to synthesizing single-stage converters (SSCs) with power-factor-correction (PFC) feature is presented in this paper. The proposed approach is primarily based on the concept of dither effect, from which PFC cells composed of energy buffers and high-frequency dither signals are introduced. Properly selecting an eligible PFC cell and inserting it in between input rectifier and DC-link capacitor can yield an SSC which can improve the input power factor significantly. In this paper, principle and configuration of PFC cells are addressed; thus, quite a few families of SSCs can be synthesized from the derived PFC cells. With this approach, not only can the SSCs discussed in the literature be developed alternatively, but novel SSCs can be synthesized. Most of the SSCs have been proved in the literature to be feasible in applications with moderate power levels

4. 7.     M.T. Madigan, R.W. Erickson, E.H. Ismail, "Integrated high-quality rectifier-regulators," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 749-758, Aug. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A new family of AC-DC converters is derived which integrate the functions of low-harmonic rectification, low-frequency energy storage, and wide-bandwidth output voltage control into a single converter containing one, two, or four active switches. These converters utilize a discontinuous conduction mode input inductor, an internal energy storage capacitor, and transformer secondary circuits which resemble the bridge, forward, flyback, or Cuk DC-DC converters. A large-signal equivalent circuit model for this family is presented, which uses the “loss-free resistor” concept. Design strategies and experimental results are given. High-performance regulation with satisfactory line-current harmonics is demonstrated with conventional duty-ratio control. Further improvements in line current are possible by simultaneous duty-ratio and switching-frequency control

4. 8.     Tsai-Fu Wu, Yu-Kai Chen, "Analysis and design of an isolated single-stage converter achieving power-factor correction and fast regulation," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 759-767, Aug. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper presents the analysis and design of an isolated single-stage converter achieving high-power-factor correction and fast regulation. By using the technique suggested by Wu et al., a buck-boost converter and a flyback converter can be integrated to form the discussed converter. The buck-boost semistage working in the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) functions as a power-factor corrector, and the flyback semistage operating in the DCM is a voltage regulator which is controlled, theoretically, to be independent of load variation. An approximated small-signal model of the converter operating in the DCM is developed. Design of a peak-current feedback loop with an optimal proportional integral controller is also presented. A prototype is implemented to verify that the analysis and design are effective and feasible

4. 9.     Guan-Chyun Hsieh, Chien-Ming Wang, "ZCS-PWM full-wave boost rectifier with unity power factor and low conduction losses," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 768-779, Aug. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A full-wave boost rectifier (FWBR) realized by zero-current-switching pulsewidth-modulation (ZCS-PWM) control to achieve unity power factor is presented. Two resonant cells are configured in the presented FWBR to perform ZCS in the power switches and to preregulate the input current to follow up the input voltage. Only one diode and one power switch loss are included in the proposed FWBR during the rectification. Four transition states for describing the behavior of the ZCS-PWM FWBR in one switching period are described. A small-signal model is built for the system analysis, and an average-current-mode control is employed to formulate the input current waveform with low harmonics. The control strategy and design consideration are programmed to realize a 600-W ZCS-PWM FWBR, which provides high power efficiency of 95% and high power factor over 0.99

4. 10.     Ching-Jung Tseng, Chern-Lin Chen, "A novel ZVT PWM Cuk power-factor corrector," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 780-787, Aug. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A novel zero-voltage-transition (ZVT) pulsewidth modulated (PWM) Cuk power-factor corrector (PFC) is proposed to achieve unity power factor under zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) operations. In the proposed ZVT PWM Cuk PFC, not only the power switch, but also the power diode, commutate under ZVS. The proposed topology has the shortest ZVT time and, thus, the shortest minimum duty cycle compared with other ZVT PWM topologies. The resonant inductor can be discharged regardless of the state of the main switch. Extremely short ZVT time and robust discharge of the resonant inductor make the proposed topology well qualified for variable-duty and high switching-frequency applications. Analytical studies, design rules, and experimental waveforms of the ZVT PWM Cuk PFC are presented in detail

4. 11.     D.S.L. Simonetti, J.L.F. Viera, G.C.D. Sousa, "Modeling of the high-power-factor discontinuous boost rectifiers ," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 788-795, Aug. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper presents a modeling approach to obtain a small-signal model for a single-switch single-phase and three-phase discontinuous boost high-power-factor rectifiers. Such converters present nonlinear characteristics, and an approximation of them is used to derive the models. The most important result obtained is that the small-signal output impedance is not equal to the load impedance. The analysis is validated by experimental results

4. 12.     R.N.D. Prado, S.A. Bonafldo, "A high-power-factor electronic ballast using a flyback push-pull integrated converter," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 796-802, Aug. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper describes a high-power-factor electronic ballast for fluorescent lamps. The converter offers a high power factor and a high-frequency supply to the lamp using a single switch. In spite of its simplicity, an excellent performance concerning load and supply is achieved, ensuring a sinusoidal and in-phase supply current. High power factor is achieved by using a flyback converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode. Operating principle, design equations, component stress, and efficiency are presented. Experimental results have been obtained for one 40-W fluorescent lamp operating at 50-kHz switching frequency and 220-V line voltage

4. 13.     Jia-You Lee, Yu-Ming Chang, Fang-Yu Liu, "A new UPS topology employing a PFC boost rectifier cascaded high-frequency tri-port converter," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 803-813, Aug. 1999.  Full Text Link
14.     C.S. Moo, C.R. Lee, T.F. Lin, "A high-power-factor DC-linked resonant inverter," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 814-819, Aug. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A new approach of power-factor correction for the DC-linked high-frequency resonant inverters is proposed. The high-power-factor operation is achieved by altering the energy delivery process of the conventionally used topology. The load resonant circuit of the proposed topology draws a high-frequency pulse current directly from the AC source. This approach can be accomplished merely with an additional small capacitor as the energy buffer and a diode as the energy transfer switch. The design and experimental results for an implementation example are given to verify the theoretical analyses

4. 15.     Bor-Ren Lin, Hsin-Hung Lu, "A new control scheme for single-phase PWM multilevel rectifier with power-factor correction," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 820-829, Aug. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A new control scheme for a single-phase bridge rectifier with three-level pulsewidth modulation is proposed to achieve high power factor and low current distortion. The main circuit consists of a diode-bridge rectifier, a boost inductor, two AC power switches, and two capacitors. According to the proposed control scheme based on a voltage comparator and hysteresis current control technique, the output capacitor voltages are balanced and the line current will follow the supply current command. The supply current command is derived from a DC-link voltage regulator and an output power estimator. The major advantage of using a three-level rectifier is that the blocking voltage of each AC power device is clamping to half of the DC-link voltage and the generated harmonics of the three-level rectifier are less than those of the conventional two-level rectifier. There are five voltage levels (0, ±VDC/2, ±VDC) on the AC side of the diode rectifier. The high power factor and low harmonic currents at the input of the rectifier are verified by software simulations and experimental tests

4. 16.     C.S. Moo, S.Y. Chan, C.R. Lee, "A single-stage high-power-factor electronic ballast with duty-ratio-controlled series resonant inverter," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 830-832, Aug. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A single-stage high-power-factor electronic ballast is developed by making an integration of an active filter and a series resonant inverter. The function of power-factor correction is performed by adjusting the duty ratio of the inverter power switches with a simple control circuit. A prototype unit designed for a 36-W compact fluorescent lamp is built and tested to verify the predicted results

4. 17.     J.D. Wale, C. Pollock, "A low-cost sensorless technique for load torque estimation in a hybrid stepping motor," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 833-841, Aug. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper presents a method of torque measurement in a hybrid stepping motor without the use of speed or position sensors. It is shown that torque ripple can be minimized by appropriate shaping of the phase-current pulses and that efficiency can be maximized when the level of mechanical load applied to the shaft is known. A controller is described which generates a signal related to the mechanical load by observation of the phase-current profile using a novel low-complexity technique. Practical results are presented, showing the torque estimation relative to measured torque

4. 18.     S. Rovetta, R. Zunino, "A multiprocessor-oriented visual tracking system," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 842-850, Aug. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The design and prototypal realization of a visual tracking system is presented. The approach to target identification is nonconventional, in that it relies on an architecture composed of multiple standard neural networks (multilayer perceptrons) and exploits the information contained in simple features extracted from images, performing a small number of operations. Therefore, the tracking functions are learned by examples, rather than implemented directly. The system demonstrates that a quite complex task such as visual target tracking can be easily obtained by a suitable neural architecture. The fast tracking algorithm and the parallel structure allow a true real-time operation. The system exploits a two-level neural-network hierarchy with a number of parallel networks and an “arbiter”. The training set consists of various geometrical shapes, preprocessed to yield the data vectors. The experimental hardware implementation is based on multiple processing units, implementing the neural architecture, and serves as a prototype for the analysis of the system in practice. A small-sized realization can also be obtained

4. 19.     H. Ushida, T. Yamaguchi, T. Takagi, "Fuzzy-associative-memory-based knowledge construction with an application to a human-machine interface," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 851-860, Aug. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A fuzzy knowledge construction method is proposed for application to human-machine interfaces. This paper considers a human movement estimation system to be one of the interfaces. This estimation system transforms human physical movements into qualitative linguistic labels. For example, the degrees of magnitude and speed of the physical movement are represented by qualitative words. It is difficult to construct the transformation knowledge because the relation between the movements and the labels is fuzzy. This paper proposes a method of constructing the knowledge. This proposed method uses a fuzzy associative memory organizing units system and is applied to estimating human sports movements. Experimental results show that the proposed method is suitable for application to human-machine interfaces

4. 20.     Kuen-Der Wu, Hurng-Liahng Jou, Jhy-Shoung Yaung, "A new circuit for measuring power factor in nonsinusoidal load current," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 861-864, Aug. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Not Available

4. 21.     Yu-Kang Lo, Huang-Jen Chiu, Wen-Tsair Li, "A reduced hysteresis controller for a four-switch three-phase bidirectional power electronics interface," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 864-866, Aug. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Not Available

4. 22.     Jang-Hyoun Youm, Bong-Hwan Kwon, "An effective software implementation of the space-vector modulation," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 866-868, Aug. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Not Available
4. 23.     R. Dhaouadi, K. Kubo, "A nonlinear control method for good dynamic performance elastic drives," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 868-870, Aug. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Not Available

 

Volume 46,  Number 5, Oct. 1999           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page



5. 1.     S. Valiviita, S.J. Ovaska, O. Vainio, "Polynomial predictive filtering in control instrumentation: a review," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 876-888, Oct. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Additional delay is an unavoidable drawback of conventional filters used frequently in industrial electronics. This delay is particularly harmful if the filtered primary signal is to be used for time-critical feedback or synchronization purposes. Therefore, predictive signal processing methods can offer significant advantages for these real-time applications. Polynomial predictive filters are specified without explicit passbands and stopbands, and they are behaving delaylessly or predictively for smoothly varying signal components. The degree of smoothness of the incoming signal sets the requirements for the applied filtering scheme and its parameters. Smoothness of a signal is a fuzzy and application-specific concept: the degree of smoothness depends on the ratio of the bandwidth of the primary signal and the applied sampling rate, as well as the noise component. In this paper, the authors review the most important polynomial predictive filtering methods and algorithms, their design and implementation techniques, and a collection of successful applications

5. 2.     F.P. Dawson, L. Klaffke, "Variable-sample-rate delayless frequency-adaptive digital filter for synchronized signal acquisition and sampling," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 889-896, Oct. 1999.  Full Text Link
Abstract :