1. M. Matsuo, T. Suetsugu, S. Mori, I. Sasase, "Class DE current-source parallel resonant inverter," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 242-248, Apr. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : This paper introduces a Class DE current-source parallel resonant inverter, along with its design procedure and experimental results. This circuit offers several desirable features. First, the proposed circuit lacks harmonic components of input current over the voltage-source inverters. Second, the source pin of the MOSFET is directly connected to the ground, so that it is not necessary to use a complicated gate-drive circuit. Third, by maintaining zero-current switching, power loss by the parasitic inductor at turn-off decreases. The measured efficiency is over 90% at the output power of 3.5 W and the operating frequency of 0.5 MHz
2. Yueh-Ru Yang, Chern-Lin Chen, "Steady-state analysis and simulation of a BJT self-oscillating ZVS-CV ballast driven by a saturable transformer," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 249-260, Apr. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : The steady-state oscillation of a zero-voltage-switching clamped-voltage self-oscillating ballast driven by a saturable transformer is analyzed and simulated. Its self-oscillating operation is divided into six stages according to the hysteresis B-H loop of saturable transformer cores. Stage-wise circuit analysis shows the saturable transformer limits the lamp current and dominates the switching frequency of the ballast. The saturating behavior of driving and switching devices clearly distinguishes this self-oscillating inverter from an external-drive high-quality-factor resonant inverter. Analytical results are verified by mathematical simulation and laboratory experiment
3. P.K. Jain, J.R. Espinoza, N.A. Ismail, "A single-stage zero-voltage zero-current-switched full-bridge DC power supply with extended load power range," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 261-270, Apr. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : A single-stage power-factor-corrected pulsewidth modulation power converter with extended load power range is presented. The topology is based on a zero-voltage zero-current-switched full-bridge (ZVZCS-FB) inverter. Steady-state analysis of the topology shows that by operating the LC load filter in discontinuous mode, the DC-link voltage remains bounded and independent of the load level. Therefore, the load power range can be further expanded, including the no-load operating condition. The analysis also shows that the extension of the load power range is achieved without any penalty in: (1) the input power factor (due to the input current waveshaping feature); (2) the power converter efficiency (due to ZVZCS and the single-stage features); and (3) the load voltage quality (due to the high bandwidth of the phase control loop). Simulated and experimental results are included to show the feasibility of the proposed scheme
4. W.G. Hurley, M.C. Duffy, S. O'Reilly, S.C. O'Mathuna, "Impedance formulas for planar magnetic structures with spiral windings," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 271-278, Apr. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : It is well established that magnetic components may be reduced in size by operating at high frequency. Miniaturization of magnetic components is ideally suited to microelectronics technologies such as thick films, which lend them to planar geometries. This paper describes new analytical models, which predict inductance- and frequency-dependent eddy-current losses in magnetic substrates. Prototype devices were fabricated by a thick-film process with four layers of conductors on a single ferrite substrate and in a sandwich configuration, consisting of conductors between ferrite slabs. The prototype devices were tested in the frequency range 10 kHz-100 MHz. The measurements confirm the validity of the analytical models. Simulation with finite-element analysis was employed to identify different sources of losses: eddy current losses in ferrite substrates; proximity effect losses in conductors; and dielectric losses
5. Y. Konishi, M. Nakaoka, "Current-fed three-phase and voltage-fed three-phase active converters with optimum PWM pattern scheme and their performance evaluations," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 279-287, Apr. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : This paper describes a new approach to select the optimum sinewave pulsewidth modulation (PWM) patterns suitable for a large-capacity current-fed active PWM power converter and a practical design procedure to determine circuit constants of a low-pass filter connected to suppress higher line current harmonics flowing into the utility-grid AC power source. A feasible test is implemented by building a prototype 500 kW three-phase current-fed PWM power converter which is designed and controlled on the basis of the proposed considerations. It is verified from a practical point of view that these new conceptual considerations are more effective and acceptable to minimize higher harmonic current components flowing into the utility-grid AC power source. This experimental setup provides highly efficient steady-state characteristics of the current-fed three-phase PWM power converter under the operating condition of a unity power factor correction and sinewave line current shaping schemes. Furthermore, this unique optimum PWM pattern derived from the theoretical method proposed here is conveniently applicable to a voltage-fed three-phase PWM converter. It is verified that this optimum PWM pattern provides excellent switching performance with a lower switching frequency mode than the conventional carrier-based PWM scheme
6. V. Belaguli, A.K.S. Bhat, "Operation of the LCC-type parallel resonant converter as a low harmonic rectifier," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 288-299, Apr. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : A single-phase high-frequency transformer isolated single-stage AC-to-DC controlled rectifier with low line current harmonic distortion using a variable-frequency controlled LCC-type (or series-parallel) resonant power converter (SPRC) is presented. A simple analysis and design procedure is used for designing the converter for low line current harmonic distortion and high power factor operation. The converter performance characteristics have been verified with SPICE3 simulations (without active control) and experimental prototype SPRC (rated at 150 W, with and without active control) for variation in load as well as line voltage. When operated with active current shaping, this converter operates in zero-voltage-switching mode for the complete range, maintaining power factor close to unity with low line current distortion and low peak current compared to the parallel resonant converter
7. A. Brambilla, "A 2-kW 100-kHz power converter," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 300-308, Apr. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : The literature contains many papers on resonant switching power converters and their main drawbacks, such as the variable driving frequency. In this paper, we show another approach to the design of switched converters that takes its origin from the high-power converters based on thyristors. It is well known that thyristors are switched off at “zero current” by firing a current oscillation with an auxiliary circuit. These converters work at fixed frequency driven with the pulsewidth modulation technique. We have replaced thyristors with faster devices like insulated gate bipolar transistors and have reused the same ideas at high frequencies (100 kHz), showing that good performance and efficiency can be easily obtained
8. Jang-Hyoun Youm, Bong-Hwan Kwon, "Switching technique for current-controlled AC-to-AC converters," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 309-318, Apr. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : The AC-to-AC converter called the matrix converter is very simple in structure and has powerful controllability. However, there are few practical applications, particularly in power electronics fields. The major reasons largely lie in the commutation problem and complexity of the control circuit. This paper proposes a novel commutation technique which is very simple to implement. This commutation scheme allows the deadtime to avoid current spikes of nonideal switches and, at the same time, establishes a current path of the inductive load to avoid voltage spikes. A switching technique of the matrix converter using a space-vector-modulation (SVM) based hysteresis current controller (HCC) is also proposed. The switching technique is implemented without any computational burden and is controlled with a simple control circuit. This technique utilizes advantages of the HCC and SVM technique. Simulation and experimental results obtained on a 5 kW single-phase AC chopper and an 11 kW three-phase to three-phase matrix converter are discussed
9. J. Svensson, M. Lindgren, "Influence of nonlinearities on the frequency response of a grid-connected vector-controlled VSC," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 319-324, Apr. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : In this paper, the small-signal performance of different vector controllers for grid-connected voltage-source converters is investigated. Losses in the line filter, as well as nonlinearities due to blanking time and nonideal valves, are usually not modeled in the evaluation of the performance of control principles. A method to compensate for nonlinearities due to blanking time and nonideal valves is implemented. Furthermore, the influence of the compensation principle on the performance of traditional deadbeat controllers is shown in measured frequency responses. The compensation method reduces the cross-coupling gain and improves the direct-coupling gain. To show the influence of nonlinearities, measured frequency responses are compared with responses obtained from analytical models. At high frequencies, the frequency-dependent losses in the line filter should be taken into account to predict the dynamic performance correctly
10. K. Jezernik, "VSS control of unity power factor," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 325-332, Apr. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : Three-phase pulsewidth modulation (PWM) converters, specifically, voltage-source inverters (VSI), are possibly the most frequently used power converters for applications such as industrial motor control, robotics, air conditioning and ventilation, uninterruptible power supplies, electric vehicles, etc. With the introduction of standards on limiting harmonic pollution of electrical power distribution systems, three-phase PWM converters are being considered as prime candidates for interfacing high-power electronic equipment to power supply lines. In these applications, converters can provide input currents without distortion and with unity power factor. In this paper, the idea of using variable-structure system (VSS) control strategy of a boost rectifier in sliding mode is described. A new discrete-time control algorithm has been developed by combining VSS and Lyapunov design. It possesses all the good properties of the sliding mode and avoids the unnecessary discontinuity of the central input, thus eliminating chattering, which has been considered a serious obstacle to applications of VSS. A unified control approach for output DC voltage and input AC currents based on discrete-time sliding mode is developed. The reference tracking performance is demonstrated in terms of transient and steady-state characteristics by simulation and experimental results. The invariance and the robustness features of the proposed control method are verified by experiment in the presence of large uncertainty in parameters and external perturbations
11. D. Nedeljkovic, J. Nastran, D. Voncina, V. Ambrozic, "Synchronization of active power filter current reference to the network," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 333-339, Apr. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : This paper presents an improved method of current reference determination for a parallel active power filter. To insure sinusoidal line currents, thus reducing reactive power, an integrative method of reference calculation is applied. As a result, satisfactory response of line current to the load change is achieved. One of the major problems, the synchronization to the net voltage, is also considered. Classical solution is based on zero-cross detection of line voltage. Since this approach is very sensitive to the voltage distortions, a new method is suggested, relying on voltage fundamental harmonic calculation. These ideas were tested on a three-phase active power filter, controlled by 32-bit microcontroller
12. Tzuen-Lih Chern, J. Chang, Chien-Hung Chen, Hann-Tzong Su, "Microprocessor-based modified discrete integral variable-structure control for UPS," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 340-348, Apr. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : This paper presents a digital signal processor microprocessor-based high-performance uninterruptible power system (UPS). It also modifies the integral variable-structure control (IVSC) approach to be more suitable for the UPS, which is tracking a sinusoidal AC voltage with specified frequency and amplitude. Since the implementation of the control laws has tended to the digital microprocessor, the paper extends the modified IVSC to the discrete time domain. Procedures are developed for determining the control function, the switching plane and the integral control gain, so that the system has desired properties. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed scheme can supply a high-quality voltage power source in the presence of load disturbance and parameter variation
13. J. Hirai, Tae-Woong Kim, A. Kawamura, "Practical study on wireless transmission of power and information for autonomous decentralized manufacturing system," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 349-359, Apr. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : In previous papers, the authors have already introduced the idea of an autonomous decentralized manufacturing system (ADMS), in which machines receive electrical energy through wireless power transmission and also are decentrally controlled through wireless transmission of the control and feedback data. With this idea, the degree of freedom in motion control is enlarged, and the system has the capability of adaptive reconfiguration to product variation as a result. In this paper, the practical problems for realization of wireless transmission of power and information (WTPI) needed for the proposed ADMS are clarified, and the practical solutions to these problems are presented. Several industrial applications of the WTPI are also introduced
14. N.G. Coakley, R.C. Kavanagh, "Real-time control of a servosystem using the inverter-fed power lines to communicate sensor feedback," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 360-369, Apr. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : It is shown that the pulsewidth modulation inverter-fed power line is a feasible medium for the transmission of modulated digital information at data rates of over 40 kb/s and that this transmission path provides a suitable alternative to the sensor cabling between the actuator and the controller of an encoder-based servosystem. The encoder data is modulated and transmitted from the actuator to the controller, over the inverter-fed power cable. The data is modulated using frequency-shift keying, based on a center frequency of 5 MHz. Specialized magnetics design techniques are outlined for the coupling and decoupling circuits which transfer the modulated digital information to and from the power lines. A software observer is employed to improve the velocity derived from the received position information, and this velocity is used in the motion control algorithm to generate a reference torque signal for the controller
15. Z. Hakan Akpolat, G.M. Asher, J.C. Clare, "Dynamic emulation of mechanical loads using a vector-controlled induction motor-generator set," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 370-379, Apr. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : This paper addresses the problem of electronic emulation of both linear and nonlinear mechanical loads using a vector-controlled induction machine dynamometer. It is shown that a basic emulation scheme where the dynamometer torque demand is derived from the inverse dynamics of the emulated load is not generally viable, especially if the emulated load is part of a closed-loop speed control system. A new feedforward speed-tracking control scheme for the dynamometer is presented, which preserves the load dynamics and allows for emulation of a large class of nonlinear loads. An experimental rig is described using vector-controlled induction machines as the drive motor and dynamometer, and experimental results showing excellent emulation of both linear and nonlinear load dynamics are presented
16. Hsin-Jang Shieh, Kuo-Kai Shyu, "Nonlinear sliding-mode torque control with adaptive backstepping approach for induction motor drive," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 380-389, Apr. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : In this paper, the nonlinear sliding-mode torque and flux control combined with the adaptive backstepping approach for an induction motor drive is proposed. Based on the state-coordinates transformed model representing the torque and flux magnitude dynamics, the nonlinear sliding-mode control is designed to track a linear reference model. Furthermore, the adaptive backstepping control approach is utilized to obtain the robustness for mismatched parameter uncertainties. With the proposed control of torque and flux amplitude, the controlled induction motor drive possesses the advantages of good transient performance and robustness to parametric uncertainties, and the transient dynamics of the induction motor drive can be regulated through the design of a linear reference model which has the desired dynamic behaviors for the drive system. Finally, some experimental results are demonstrated to validate the proposed controllers
17. Y.J. Zhan, C.C. Chan, K.T. Chau, "A novel sliding-mode observer for indirect position sensing of switched reluctance motor drives," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 390-397, Apr. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : A switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive generally requires a rotor position sensor for commutation and current control. However, the use of this position sensor increases both cost and size of the motor drive and causes limitations for industrial applications. In this paper, a novel indirect position sensing technique, namely, the sliding-mode observer, is proposed for SRM drives. The corresponding design approach and operating performance are provided to illustrate the fast convergence and high robustness of the observer against disturbances and variations
18. B. Kaku, I. Miyashita, S. Sone, "A novel prediction method of acoustic magnetic noise based on induction motor's NHCC function," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 398-406, Apr. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : When an induction motor is driven by a pulsewidth modulation (PWM) inverter, acoustic magnetic noise caused by harmonics of the induction motor input is a serious environmental problem. In this paper, a novel prediction method of acoustic magnetic noise is proposed. Acoustic magnetic noise emitted from an induction motor is considered as the function of harmonic components of induction motor current. The acoustic magnetic noise versus harmonic current characteristic (NHCC) function is defined. This NHCC function describes the response of acoustic magnetic noise to a single-frequency harmonic current. Based on the NHCC function, acoustic magnetic noise can be predicted very easily and accurately, simply by the calculation of harmonic components of the induction motor current. By making use of this method, the difficulties of the conventional prediction method, such as the complex calculations of magnetic force, mechanical resonant frequencies, and sound radiation efficiency can be avoided. This novel method can be used as a tool for environmental noise management and evaluation of low-acoustic magnetic noise characteristics of different inverter PWM control methods
19. H.T. Grimmelius, P.P. Meiler, H.L.M.M. Maas, B. Bonnier, J.S. Grevink, R.F. van Kuilenburg, "Three state-of-the-art methods for condition monitoring," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 407-416, Apr. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : This paper describes and compares three different state-of-the-art condition monitoring techniques: first principles, feature extraction, and neural networks. The focus of the paper is on the application of the techniques, not on the underlying theory. Each technique is described briefly and is accompanied by a discussion on how it can be applied properly. The discussion is finished with an enumeration of the advantages and disadvantages of the technique. Two condition monitoring cases, taken from the marine engineering field, are explored: condition monitoring of a diesel engine, using only the torsional vibration of the crank shaft, and condition monitoring of a compression refrigeration plant, using many different sensors. Attention is also paid to the detection of sensor malfunction and to the user interface. The experience from the cases shows that all techniques are showing promising results and can be used to provide the operator with information about the monitored machinery on a higher level. The main problem remains the acquisition of the required knowledge, either from measured data or from analysis
20. G. Cena, A. Valenzano, "Efficient implementation of semaphores in controller area networks ," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 417-428, Apr. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : Synchronization of concurrent activities by means of semaphores is widely adopted in industrial distributed systems. This paper presents some mechanisms which facilitate the efficient implementation of the popular semaphore concept in real-time networks based on the controller area network medium access technique. The advantages obtained by adopting the proposed solution are twofold. First, better performance can be obtained because most of the semaphore management mechanisms are moved from the application to the physical and data-link communication layers. Second, a fully distributed management scheme is implemented, and there is no need to place the semaphore control structures on a particular node in the network
21. M. Al-Mouhamed, "An efficient indexing scheme for image storage and recognition," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 429-439, Apr. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : This paper presents a model-based vision system to achieve robust recognition of planar contours that are scale invariant of known models. Planar contours are partitioned into segments by using constant curvature criterion. A set of descriptors that are invariant with respect to scale, rotation, and translation are extracted from the geometric features of the segments. The descriptors are used to carry out an efficient indexed search over the models so as to reduce the search space. Fragments of contours extracted from partially occluded scenes can be individually matched by using the local shape descriptors. Pruning of large portions of the models is carried out by keeping only some matched classes which received the highest vote. This significantly reduces the search and enables the use of finer matching operators, such as comparing the positioning of segments in the scene to positioning of matched segments in the model. More sophisticated matching is applied in later stages over a much restricted number of hypotheses. Therefore, the dependency of the recognition time over the size of the models is significantly reduced. Evaluation shows the ability of our approach to recognize scenes with real partially occluded objects. Entirely visible objects are recognized with a reasonably high efficiency (80%), even with a change in viewpoint of up to 25°. The efficiency smoothly decreases, but remains above 60% when the percentage of visible segments drops to 50% and the change in viewpoint is as above
22. Guanyu Wang, Dajun Chen, Jianya Lin, Xing Chen, "The application of chaotic oscillators to weak signal detection," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 440-444, Apr. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : In this paper, the authors introduce a signal detection scheme based on the bifurcation behavior of the driven Duffing oscillator. Chaotic systems are sensitive to certain signals and immune to noise at the same time, the properties of which demonstrate their potential application in weak signal detection. Starting from the analysis of the intermittent chaotic motion occurring in the detecting process, they put forward a new frequency-locking principle based on the periodic characteristic of the intermittent chaos. Then, an exposition is made on how to use an array of the oscillators to detect the weak signals of unknown frequency
23. A. Bouhal, M.A. Jafari, Wen-Biao Han, Tong Fang, "Tracking control and trajectory planning in layered manufacturing applications," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 445-451, Apr. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : This paper discusses the improvements acquired by the introduction of a tracking controller and a look-ahead trajectory-planning policy in part fabrication using the layer manufacturing process. The improvements are quantified not only in terms of tracking and contouring errors, but they are also quantified in terms of overfilled and underfilled areas, thus directly relating the quality of parts fabricated through such a process
24. D. Kim, In-Hyun Cho, "An accurate and cost-effective fuzzy logic controller with a fast searching of moment equilibrium point," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 452-465, Apr. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : This paper proposes a cost-effective architecture of fuzzy logic controller (FLC) that works in an accurate and fast manner. The accuracy of the proposed FLC is obtained by using the center of gravity (COG) defuzzifier that considers both membership values and spans of membership functions in calculating a crisp value. The cost effectiveness of the proposed FLC is obtained by restructuring the conventionally simplified FLC in the following ways. Firstly, the MAX-MIN inference is replaced by a read-modify-write operation that can be implemented economically in the structure of register files. Secondly, the division in the COG defuzzifier is avoided by finding the moment equilibrium point. The proposed COG defuzzifier has two disadvantages, in that it requires additional multipliers and it takes a lot of computation time to find the moment equilibrium point. The first disadvantage is overcome by replacing the multipliers with stochastic AND operations and the second disadvantage is alleviated by using a coarse-to-fine searching algorithm. The hardware complexity of the proposed FLC is analyzed in terms of the number of building blocks. Simulation of the proposed FLC to the truck backer-upper control problem is performed in VHDL, and the control performance of the proposed FLC is compared with that of the conventionally simplified FLC in terms of average tracing distance
25. A.M. Karshenas, M.W. Dunnigan, B.W. Williams, "Wavelet power spectrum smoothing for random vibration control," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 466-467, Apr. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : This paper compares the wavelet power spectrum smoothing method with the Welch method in the random vibration control algorithm of an electrodynamic shaker. Practical results show that the wavelet smoothing method improves the control algorithm performance significantly
26. In-Hwan Oh, Myung-Joong Youn, "A simple soft-switched PWM inverter using source voltage clamped resonant circuit," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 468-471, Apr. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : A simple resonant link inverter is proposed to achieve pulsewidth modulation operation by using a single set of auxiliary resonant circuits which provides the soft-switching function to all main switches. With the proposed circuit, the clamped output link voltage, soft switching of all switches and reduced current stress on the resonant switch can be obtained
27. C.W. Lu, "Torque controller for brushless DC motors," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 471-473, Apr. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : A high-performance torque controller is proposed for three-phase brushless DC motor drives. The strategy is based on variable-structure control and a new synchronous reference frame is utilized. Advantages over conventional strategies include improved dynamic performance, reduced acoustic noise, improved drive efficiency and enhanced inverter utilization
28. G.L. Arsov, L.P. Panovski, "An improved PSpice model for the MOS-controlled thyristor," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 473-477, Apr. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : Improvements to the PSpice model for the MOS-controlled thyristor (MCT) (as discussed by Yuvarajan and Quek, 1995) are proposed. The improved MCT model is capable of simulating the breakover and breakdown characteristics of an MCT and working properly at high frequencies. The simulation results of various circuits show quite accurate behavior of the proposed model
29. T.W.S. Chow, Oulian Shuai, Hong-Zhou Tan, "Correction to "Semiblind Identification of Nonminimum-Phase ARMA Models via Order Recursion with Higher Order Cumulants"," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 477-477, Apr. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : Not Available
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