1. B.S. Lee, Jaehong Hahn, P.N. Enjeti, I.J. Pitel, "A robust three-phase active power-factor-correction and harmonic reduction scheme for high power," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 483-494, Jun. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : This paper proposes a robust three-phase active power-factor-correction (PFC) and harmonic reduction scheme suitable for higher power applications. The proposed system is a unique combination of a low-kilovoltampere 12-pulse rectifier system with a single-phase boost PFC scheme to shape the input current to near sinusoidal waveshape. The voltampere rating of the active PFC converter is 0.05 pu and is not exposed to line transients under varying load conditions. The proposed system is suitable for utility interface of higher power rectifiers employed in power supplies and adjustable-speed drive systems which demand clean input power characteristics in the range of 1-500 kW. The proposed system is rugged and, in the event the active control were to fail, the system reverts to 12-pulse operation with fifth and seventh harmonic cancellation. Analysis and design of the system is examined in detail, and simulation and experimental results on a 10 kVA prototype are shown
2. D.J. Perreault, J.G. Kassakian, "Design and evaluation of a cellular rectifier system with distributed control," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 495-503, Jun. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : This paper presents the design and experimental evaluation of a six-cell 6 kW cellular (parallel) rectifier system which operates at nearly unity power factor. The cellular rectifier system implements both distributed load sharing and distributed ripple cancellation, eliminating the need for any centralized control. The implemented system mitigates some of the major drawbacks of its single-converter counterpart and achieves performance levels that cannot be achieved with an equivalent single converter
3. A.D. Le Roux, J.A. Du Toit, J.H.R. Enslin, "Integrated active rectifier and power quality compensator with reduced current measurement," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 504-511, Jun. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : This paper describes a three-phase integrated active rectifier and shunt power quality compensator (IPQC). The measurement of only three currents is required, and the control algorithm can be implemented using a low-cost controller. The IPQC improves the harmonic content of the supply current, displacement power factor, supply current balance, and can serve as a four-quadrant active rectifier for motor drives and other DC-link loads. The operation of the IPQC is experimentally verified using a conventional three-phase insulated gate bipolar transistor voltage-source inverter. A low-cost fixed-point DSP-based controller with fixed-band hysteresis current regulation is used for the implementation of the control algorithms
4. Chern-Lin Chen, Che-Ming Lee, Rong-Jie Tu, Guo-Kiang Horng, "A novel simplified space-vector-modulated control scheme for three-phase switch-mode rectifier," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 512-516, Jun. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : A novel simplified control scheme for a three-phase switch-mode rectifier is proposed in this paper. The proposed control scheme is based upon a load-conductance rectifier controller, in which reference current signals are obtained. The goal to follow the reference current is converted to follow a reference voltage. A simplified control scheme utilizing space-vector modulation is developed to calculate the duty ratio required to synthesize the reference voltage. The proposed scheme has the advantage of space-vector modulation with fast dynamic response and is simple enough to be implemented in a single-chip microprocessor 80196MC
5. Dae-Woong Chung, Seung-Ki Sul, "Minimum-loss strategy for three-phase PWM rectifier," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 517-526, Jun. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : In this paper, the conduction and switching losses of a voltage-fed three-phase pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectifier are analyzed for various PWM schemes. On the basis of this result, a novel PWM strategy which minimizes the loss of a three-phase PWM rectifier is developed. This minimization result is derived from the following two factors: (1) less switching frequency ratio; and (2) the absence of switching in the vicinity of peak input current. As a result, it is anticipated that the switching loss of the rectifier is reduced by 46%, compared with continuous space-vector PWM rectifiers, and 20% compared with conventional discontinuous space-vector PWM rectifiers. Moreover, the proposed PWM scheme can produce the highest available output voltage because it is based on the concept of the voltage space vector. The effectiveness of the proposed PWM strategy is verified by experiments
6. S. Fukuda, Y. Matsumoto, A. Sagawa, "Optimal-regulator-based control of NPC boost rectifiers for unity power factor and reduced neutral-point-potential variations," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 527-534, Jun. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : Neutral-point-clamped pulsewidth modulation rectifiers (NPCRs) are suitable for high-voltage systems because of their circuit structure. The NPCRs, however, have a problem, in that the neutral point potential (NPP) varies when the current flows into or out of the neutral point. The variations cause voltage deviations in the input waveforms, as well as unbalanced voltage stress on the devices. This paper describes a controlling method for NPCRs based on a state-space model. There are three control objectives: (1) to keep the power factor at unity; (2) to keep the DC-link voltage at a reference value; and (3) to keep the neutral point potential at 0 V. The neutral point current is treated as one of the inputs. The controller is designed based on the optimal regulator theory in order to achieve the three control objectives simultaneously. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by experimental results
7. Ming-Tsung Tsai, W.I. Tsai, "Analysis and design of three-phase AC-to-DC converters with high power factor and near-optimum feedforward," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 535-543, Jun. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : This paper presents a three-phase pulsewidth modulated AC-to-DC power converter with unity power factor and near-optimum dynamic regulation. A general mathematical model of the converter has been established to lead to a comprehensive analysis. The averaged small-signal technique is used to obtain the near-optimum feedforward compensator, thus resulting in the output impedance, and the audio susceptibility become zero, that is, the output voltage of the converter presented in this paper is independent of variations of the DC load current and the utility voltage. The proposed procedure of analysis is simple and effective, and it is also easy to implement. Finally, the theoretical formulations are verified both by simulated and experimental results in a 5 kW laboratory prototype system
8. H. Komurcugil, O. Kukrer, "A novel current-control method for three-phase PWM AC/DC voltage-source converters," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 544-553, Jun. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : This paper presents a novel current-control-based control strategy, obtained in stationary frame, for a three-phase pulsewidth-modulated AC/DC voltage-source converter. In this control strategy, an error voltage is produced from the comparison of the output DC voltage with a DC reference voltage. This error voltage is then utilized by a proportional plus integral controller to generate a command signal for the input line current amplitude and is automatically controlled to the desired value. Therefore, there is no need to measure the input line currents. Stability analysis of the closed-loop system is made, and the stability region for proportional and integral gains which makes the operating point stable is also found. The resulting closed-loop system not only exhibits good transient response, but also provides sinusoidal line currents and unity power factor, both in the rectifying and regenerating modes. Experimental results are presented and compared with simulations
9. K. Janson, J. Jarvik, "AC-DC converter with parametric reactive power compensation," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 554-562, Jun. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : Resonant converters of 50 (60) Hz AC-DC are described, where each half cycle of network voltage the capacitor and inductor of an oscillatory circuit are switched from series into parallel and vice versa. The duration of series and parallel connection and also the transformer ratio are parametrically dependent on load. In the case of short circuit, only the parallel oscillating circuit operates. This restricts sharply the output current. The reactive power of the capacitor and the inductor compensate each other, both in the cases of series and parallel connection. Therefore, the power factor is very high from no load to short circuit. This converter fits very well for supplying arc furnaces, and there is no need for the costly and fast reactive power compensator and filter circuits. The operating principle of the converter, design principles, and a real operating converter rated 5.4 MW supplying a steel-melting arc furnace are described
10. M. Hernando, J. Sebastian, P.J. Villegas, S. Ollero, "Improving dynamic response of power-factor correctors by using series-switching postregulator," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 563-568, Jun. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : A new method to improve the dynamic response of power-factor correctors (PFCs) is described in this paper. The method is based on the use of a new very highly efficient postregulator, called a series-switching postregulator. This new postregulator exhibits very high efficiency due to the fact that only a part of the total power undergoes a power conversion process. The proposed postregulator can be used with any PFC topology (either with or without a transformer), with no modifications in the topology, and can be easily protected against short circuits
11. J. Sebastian, P.J. Villegas, M. Hernando, F. Nuno, F. Fernandez-Linera, "Average-current-mode control of two-input buck postregulators used in power-factor correctors," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 569-576, Jun. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : The use of the average-current-mode control in the two-input buck postregulator is studied in this paper. Using this type of control, the attenuation of the input voltage ripple (100-120 Hz) increases in relation to the one obtained when a conventional voltage-mode control (with or without feedforward) is used and, therefore, lower bulk capacitors can be used to obtain a very low voltage ripple at the output, which is very important when a battery is connected at the output. This is very common in distributed power supply systems
12. G. Spiazzi, J.A. Pomilio, "Interaction between EMI filter and power factor preregulators with average current control: analysis and design considerations," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 577-584, Jun. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : The effects of a nonnegligible source impedance, due to the presence of an input EMI filter, on the stability of power factor preregulators (PFPs) with average current control are analyzed by using a state-space averaged model. Different from previous approaches, it allows us to derive a simple expression for the loop gain in terms of the converter current loop gain. The overall system stability was studied for boost, Cuk, and SEPIC PPP topologies. Based on this model, a simple modification of the standard current control loop is proposed which increases the converter robustness against instabilities. Comparison between model forecasts and experimental measurements was carried out using two prototypes, one based on the boost topology and the other based on the SEPIC topology, both rated at 600 W. Finally, the model accuracy was investigated with measurements at different current loop bandwidths
13. Tsai-Fu Wu, Yu-Kai Chen, "Modeling of single-stage converters with high power factor and fast regulation," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 585-593, Jun. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : This paper presents an approach to systematically model single-stage DC/DC converters operated in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) based on the graft scheme. With the graft scheme, the active switches which are with a common node and operating in unison can be integrated to form a single stage converter (SSC). The small-signal models of the SSC can, therefore, be derived by combining those of its originally separate converters. Using the proposed approach can help yield highly related dynamic models of the converters in a family and, in addition, physical insights between the converters can be readily identified. Moreover, the expressions of the small-signal models for the SSCs operated in DCM can be extended to those in continuous-conduction-mode operation. These have made the proposed modeling method valuable and viable. Experimental measurements have demonstrated that the small-signal model of an SSC derived with the proposed approach is relatively accurate
14. J.F. Silva, "Sliding-mode control of boost-type unity-power-factor PWM rectifiers," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 594-603, Jun. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : A robust sliding-mode controller, suitable for the output voltage control of voltage-sourced unity-power-factor three-phase pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectifiers, presenting no steady-state errors, is described. This “just-in-time” switching controller controls the output voltage and the line input currents, while providing bidirectional power flow, near-unity-power-factor operation, low harmonic content, fast dynamic response of the output voltage, and minimum switching frequency due to a new α-β space-vector current regulator. The voltage controller performance is compared with the behavior of the conventional proportional integral output voltage control, aided by PWM current-mode modulators, and with the nonrobust fast and slow manifold sliding-mode approach. The comparison shows that the proposed controller confers faster dynamics and does not present steady-state errors. Test results confirm that the performance of the controller is independent of system parameters and load and exceeds the performance of existing hysteretic current-mode control systems
15. O. Lopez, L. Garcia De Vicuna, M. Castilla, J. Matas, M. Lopez, "Sliding-mode-control design of a high-power-factor buck-boost rectifier," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 604-612, Jun. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : This paper presents multi-input sliding-mode control schemes for unity-power-factor rectifiers based on buck-boost converters. The proposed controllers can effectively improve the tracking performance of the line current and the output voltage regulation. The sliding surfaces are designed by imposing a desired dynamic behavior on the system, which allows us to determine the main parameters in designing the sliding-mode controller. This results in fast controllers which provide both robustness, with regard to external disturbances, and a good dynamic response of the output voltage
16. S. Ben-Yaakov, I. Zeltser, "The dynamics of a PWM boost converter with resistive input," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 613-619, Jun. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : This paper investigates the large- and small-signal response issues and, in particular, the inner loop gain and outer loop response of an indirect control method for active power-factor correction. The control scheme is based on sensing the average inductor current and generating a DOFF (the complement of the switch duty cycle) which is proportional to the current. The method is demonstrated by considering the performance of a boost-type active power-factor corrector (APFC) that does not need to sense the input voltage. Theoretical and experimental results confirm the validity of the approach and demonstrate that the proposed method can be useful in the design of robust APFC with low total harmonic distortion. The indirect control method investigated in this paper is also compared to the classical direct APFC control method, pointing to the differences between the two
17. S.V. Mollov, A.J. Forsyth, "Analysis, design, and resonant current control for a 1-MHz high-power-factor rectifier," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 620-627, Jun. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : Fundamental frequency analysis is used to examine the LCC series-parallel loaded resonant converter with a capacitive output filter when operating as a high-power-factor rectifier. Optimum values are identified for the Q factor and voltage conversion ratio such that zero-voltage switching is just maintained, while minimizing the resonant circuit conduction losses. A simple resonant current control loop is shown to provide an effective mechanism of active control, achieving a high-quality input current waveform over a wide load range. Results are presented from a 1 MHz 160 W prototype
18. J.L. Duarte, A. Van Zwam, C. Wijnands, A. Vandenput, "Reference frames fit for controlling PWM rectifiers," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 628-630, Jun. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : The authors argue that one should keep things simple when controlling bidirectional pulsewidth modulation rectifiers by considering the utility grid as a virtual electric machine. The advantage is that the air-gap flux of this big machine can be directly measured in a straightforward way. Therefore, as shown in this paper, principles of field orientation can be applied to control the power flow, yielding high-dynamic performance
19. L. Ghislanzoni, J.A. Carrasco, "A DC current transformer for large bandwidth and high common-mode rejection," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 631-636, Jun. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : A review of known magnetic-coupled current-sensing techniques is presented, Subsequently, a novel technique is introduced, based on a configuration discussed in a previous paper. The previous technique made use of a galvanomagnetic device (Hall effect sensor) to sense the magnetization of a current transformer core, so that the sum of the Hall voltage and the voltage across the secondary shunt resistor would yield a faithful copy of the input current. The technique described in this paper makes use of the same principle to obtain a high bandwidth (from DC to 1 MHz) and very high common-mode rejection current transformer, without the need for a Hall effect probe. This is achieved by subtracting the high-frequency components, detected across the secondary shunt resistor, from the voltage across a primary shunt resistor connected in series with the primary of the current transformer. The resulting signal is an accurate image of the transformer magnetizing current, which is then transferred to the secondary side by means of a low-bandwidth isolation amplifier. The high-frequency components are subsequently added, to the amplified and filtered low-frequency components, by means of a third transformer winding, the number of turns of which is chosen to be equal to the gain of the low-frequency amplifier
20. Cher Ming Tan, King-Jet Tseng, "Using power diode models for circuit simulations-a comprehensive review," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 637-645, Jun. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : In recent years, a number of new models for the power diode have been proposed. The objectives of this paper are to provide the power electronics community with a comprehensive review and summary of recent power diode models. The models have been categorized systematically according to their modeling concepts with objective comparison of their status pertaining to the various modeling issues. A summary table has been created to aid power circuit design engineers and power rectifier device engineers in selecting appropriate models for their applications
21. Y. Shibata, N. Tsuchida, K. Imai, "Performance of induction motor with free-rotating magnets inside its rotor," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 646-652, Jun. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : This paper presents a new induction motor that has free-rotating magnets inside a rotor. The magnets can revolve freely against the rotor with the shaft. In this motor, the airgap flux is provided by both rotating permanent magnets and the stator coil current. A prototype motor was fabricated by modifying the rotor of a conventional three-phase four-pole 400 W squirrel-cage induction motor. The experimental results of a prototype motor showed superior performance in comparison to conventional motors in terms of the power factor, efficiency and torque characteristics. The power factor can be controlled to be unity, leading or lagging by changing the supply frequency and/or source voltage. The efficiency of the motor, over a wide output power range, is remarkably higher than that of the same size conventional induction motor. A high torque can be obtained in a high speed area
22. Zhi-Fang Yang, Wen-Hsiang Tsai, "Viewing corridors as right parallelepipeds for vision-based vehicle localization," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 653-661, Jun. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : A approach to vision-based vehicle localization by viewing corridors as a combination of right parallelepipeds is proposed. The objective is to derive the orientation and lateral position of a vehicle in a right parallelepiped corridor. These two kinds of information are all that is needed for vehicles to navigate safely in a right parallelepiped corridor. This approach offers low hardware cost and simple computation. Only one camera mounted on the vehicle is needed, and analytical formulae are derived for computing the vehicle location. The information source is the corridor ceiling. Two orthogonal sets of parallel lines on the corridor ceiling are used to detect the vanishing line of the ceiling. An equation is developed to derive the vehicle orientation by utilizing the detected vanishing line. Also, based on the observation of the variation of image line slopes when the vehicle moves laterally, another equation is established to evaluate the relative lateral position of the vehicle by utilizing the line slope of the ceiling line pointing forward. Experiments have been conducted, and acceptable vehicle localization results have been obtained, to prove the feasibility of the proposed approach
23. L.E.B. Da Silva, B.K. Bose, J.O.P. Pinto, "Recurrent-neural-network-based implementation of a programmable cascaded low-pass filter used in stator flux synthesis of vector-controlled induction motor drive," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 662-665, Jun. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : The concept of programmable cascaded low-pass filter for stator flux vector synthesis by ideal integration of stator voltages at any frequency was introduced by Bose and Patel. A new form of implementation of this filter is proposed that uses a combination of recurrent neural network trained by Kalman filter and a polynomial neural network. The proposed structure is simple, permits faster implementation by digital signal processor, and gives improved performance
24. Y. Liu, P. Pillay, "A startup control algorithm for the split-link converter for a switched reluctance motor drive," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 665-667, Jun. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : This letter analyzes and presents the motor startup problem when a split-link converter is used for switched reluctance motor drives. A new control algorithm to solve this problem is presented in this paper, as well as the calculation of the split-link capacitance required during normal operation
25. Jiang Ping, Hui-Tang Chen, Yue-Juan Wang, Jing Lin, "A decomposed control scheme for vision-guided manipulators curve tracking," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 667-669, Jun. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : This letter presents a robot control algorithm for vision guided curve tracking using orthogonal decomposition control method. It was implemented in a glass-cutting direct-drive robot for the drawing curve input with high speed and smooth tracking performance
26. J. Chiasson, R.T. Novotnak, L.U. Gokdere, M.A. Simaan, "Comments on “A passivity-based method for induction motor control” [and reply]," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 669-671, Jun. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : In the paper by L.U. Gokdere and M.A. Simaan (see ibid., vol. 44, p.688-95, 1997), a comparison is made between a passivity based controller and an input-output linearization controller. We point out that this comparison is not valid as the same trajectory was not used for both controllers. The original authors reply to this comment pointing out that there is experimental evidence demonstrating the benefits of the passivity-based controller developed for induction motors. These include closer tracking of the same mechanical trajectory, and less sensitivity to magnetic saturation, when compared with the input-output linearization controller
27. L.U. Gokdere, M.A. Simaan, "Response to comments on "A passivity-based method for induction motor control"," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 670-671, Jun. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : Not Available
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