1. S. Valiviita, S.J. Ovaska, O. Vainio, "Polynomial predictive filtering in control instrumentation: a review," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 876-888, Oct. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : Additional delay is an unavoidable drawback of conventional filters used frequently in industrial electronics. This delay is particularly harmful if the filtered primary signal is to be used for time-critical feedback or synchronization purposes. Therefore, predictive signal processing methods can offer significant advantages for these real-time applications. Polynomial predictive filters are specified without explicit passbands and stopbands, and they are behaving delaylessly or predictively for smoothly varying signal components. The degree of smoothness of the incoming signal sets the requirements for the applied filtering scheme and its parameters. Smoothness of a signal is a fuzzy and application-specific concept: the degree of smoothness depends on the ratio of the bandwidth of the primary signal and the applied sampling rate, as well as the noise component. In this paper, the authors review the most important polynomial predictive filtering methods and algorithms, their design and implementation techniques, and a collection of successful applications
2. F.P. Dawson, L. Klaffke, "Variable-sample-rate delayless frequency-adaptive digital filter for synchronized signal acquisition and sampling," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 889-896, Oct. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : In this paper, a hardware-based variable-sample-rate delayless frequency-adaptive cascaded digital filter is proposed. The open-loop frequency-adaptive and delayless property of a cascaded filter consisting of a median filter of length 3, a Blackman bandpass filter of length 30 and a predictive filter of length 25 is experimentally verified. Simulation results illustrating the filter's output response to input disturbances, in a synchronization signal acquisition application, are also presented
3. O. Vainio, S. Valiviita, "Predictive interpolation and decimation of narrow-band signals," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 897-903, Oct. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : A digital filter design and optimization method for sampling rate alteration of narrow-band signals is presented. The resulting predictive finite-duration impulse-response filters are used to remove the aliasing or imaging frequency components when the sampling rate is changed. The sampling rate can be changed either by an integer factor or a rational factor. A least-squares-based generalization is developed for optimal wide-band noise attenuation
4. A.D. Cheok, N. Ertugrul, "High robustness of an SR motor angle estimation algorithm using fuzzy predictive filters and heuristic knowledge-based rules," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 904-916, Oct. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : In this paper, the operation of a fuzzy predictive filter used to provide high robustness against feedback signal noise in a fuzzy logic (FL)-based angle estimation algorithm for the switched reluctance motor is described. The fuzzy predictive filtering method combines both FL-based time-series prediction, as well as a heuristic knowledge-based algorithm to detect and discard feedback signal error. As it is predictive in nature, the scheme does not introduce any delay or phase shift in the feedback signals, In addition, the fuzzy predictive filter does not require any mathematical modeling of the noise and, therefore, can be used effectively to control nonGaussian impulsive-type noise. An analysis of the noise and error commonly found in practical motor drives is given, and how this can effect position estimation. It is shown using experimental results that the FL-based scheme can cope well with erroneous and noisy feedback signals
5. S. Valiviita, "Zero-crossing detection of distorted line voltages using 1-b measurements," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 917-922, Oct. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : In thyristor power converters, zero crossings of the line voltage signal are used for the synchronization of thyristor gating pulses. In weak AC systems, however, the line voltage can be distorted, and faulty zero crossings occur. In addition, in isolated power transmission networks, the line frequency can alter. For the detection of true zero crossings in such cases, the authors describe a neural network (NN), which utilizes the measurements of the three line voltage components in a three-phase power delivery system. The line voltages are measured with comparators, thus enabling low-cost implementation. The NN structure is extended by using a logic circuit, which produces the time elapsed from the previously detected zero-crossing instant as a feedback signal for the network. Thus, the knowledge that the true zero crossings occur at regular intervals in practical power delivery systems is utilized. The simulation results show that the proposed NN provides competitive performance
6. B.J. Song, A.J. Koivo, "Nonlinear predictive control with application to manipulator with flexible forearm," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 923-932, Oct. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : A neural network is constructed to represent the input-output relation of a dynamical model. The parameters are calculated by means of a second-order training algorithm. Then, a nonlinear predictive controller is designed on the basis of a neural network plant model using the receding-horizon control approach. Based on the neural model, the control is calculated by minimizing a projected cost function that penalizes future tracking errors. As an illustration of the approach, the nonlinear dynamics of a planar two-joint arm with a flexible forearm are modeled using a sigmoidal network and an offline estimation procedure for a range of motions. The applicability of the approach is illustrated through computer simulations
7. O. Vainio, "Adaptive derivative estimation for delay-constrained acceleration measurement," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 933-935, Oct. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : The well-known noise problem in digital differentiation is addressed by means of using adaptive digital filtering for signal pre-processing. Rapidly responding differentiators with low-noise output can be constructed by using the adaptive filter in a predictor configuration. As the prefilter is adaptive, the approximation is more flexible than polynomial fitting. The recursive least-squares adaptive algorithm is used for prediction
8. Kay Soon Low, "A DSP-based single-phase AC power source," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 936-941, Oct. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : This paper presents the development of a single-phase AC power source, which is capable of generating high-quality sinusoidal waveforms with adjustable amplitudes and frequencies over a wide range. Moreover, various types of arbitrary waveforms can also be generated. The system consists essentially of a well-controlled single-phase pulsewidth modulated inverter. To perform tight closed-loop control of the inverter, a digital controller based on the generalized predictive control approach has been developed. The controller gains are determined by minimizing a cost function that reduces both the tracking error and the control signals. To evaluate the proposed approach, a digital-signal-processor-based experimental prototype has been constructed. Experimental results under various loading conditions have demonstrated that the system performs well
9. N.A. Ahmed, K. Amei, M. Sakui, "A new configuration of single-phase symmetrical PWM AC chopper voltage controller," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 942-952, Oct. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : With the increased availability of power MOSFETs and insulated gate bipolar transistors, a new generation of simple choppers for AC inductive loads is foreseen. These new power semiconductors ease the use of forced commutations of thyristor switches to improve the supply power factor, even with highly inductive loads. The AC controllers with thyristor technology can be replaced by pulsewidth modulation (PWM) AC chopper controllers which have important advantages. In this paper, a symmetrical PWM AC chopper designed to operate with single-phase inductive loads with a reduced number of controlled switches is described. The operation as a variable voltage source of this converter is evaluated. This includes the conversion characteristics, harmonic generation, harmonic distortion factor, and input power factor. By digital simulation, these characteristics are investigated theoretically, and to correlate the measurements with theory, an experimental setup is presented to confirm the analytical analysis
10. Hong-Seok Song, Kwanghee Nam, "Dual current control scheme for PWM converter under unbalanced input voltage conditions," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 953-959, Oct. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : Voltage unbalance in a three-phase system causes performance deterioration of PWM power converters by producing 120 Hz voltage ripples in the DC link and by increasing the reactive power. To eliminate the DC link voltage ripple and the DC component of the reactive power, both positive- and negative-sequence currents should be controlled simultaneously, according to the paper by Rioual et al (1996). The authors used two synchronous reference frames: a positive-sequence current regulated by a proportional integral (PI) controller in a positive synchronous reference frame (SRF); and a negative-sequence current regulated by a PI controller in a negative SRF. In the positive SRF, which rotates counterclockwise, the positive sequence appears as DC, while the negative sequence appears as 120 Hz. In contrast, in the negative SRF, which rotates clockwise, the negative sequence appears as DC, while the positive sequence appears as 120 Hz. By deleting 120 Hz components using a notch filter in each SRF, one can measure positive- and negative-sequence currents separately, and use them for constructing two feedback controllers. Since the negative-sequence current is also controlled in its own SRF by a DC command, this approach yields better performance without increasing the control gain. Note that, since the controller is implemented by a software routine in the digital signal professor chip, using two SRFs does not require additional hardware. The authors demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme by using computer simulation and experiments
11. B. Singh, K. Al-Haddad, A. Chandra, "A review of active filters for power quality improvement," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 960-971, Oct. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : Active filtering of electric power has now become a mature technology for harmonic and reactive power compensation in two-wire (single phase), three-wire (three phase without neutral), and four-wire (three phase with neutral) AC power networks with nonlinear loads. This paper presents a comprehensive review of active filter (AF) configurations, control strategies, selection of components, other related economic and technical considerations, and their selection for specific applications. It is aimed at providing a broad perspective on the status of AF technology to researchers and application engineers dealing with power quality issues. A list of more than 200 research publications on the subject is also appended for a quick reference
12. M. Benedetti, G. Uicich, "New high-performance thyristor gate control set for line-commutated converters," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 972-978, Oct. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : In this paper, a novel implementation to obtain the triggering pulses for thyristorized AC/DC power converters is presented. The system developed is a variant of the digital ramp-and-threshold strategy employing parallel hardware calculation. In order to reduce the number of components otherwise involved, innovative ideas that make feasible the use of only one low-cost field-programmable gate array as the digital core, have been introduced. Based on the proposed topology, a compact high-resolution optimum-speed thyristor gate control circuit is achieved. The resulting system is very flexible and can be easily configured to drive series- or parallel-connected multiple-pulse controlled rectifiers. Practical results are provided
13. C. Schmidt, J. Heinzl, G. Brandenburg, "Control approaches for high-precision machine tools with air bearings," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 979-989, Oct. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : Numerous control strategies have been developed to compensate for the effects caused by friction in linear guideways of feed-drive systems. For ultraprecision machining applications, these offer a wide variety of powerful, nonlinear algorithms, but generally use rather complex computing algorithms, exhausting system resources. By the use of a special sophisticated aerostatic bearing technology, no friction and, therefore, no stick-slip exist within linear guideways. This entails a lack of damping in the feed direction, which is a considerable setback for the classic cascaded control concept usually implemented in commercially available servo systems. This paper presents an approach to obtain superior behavior of the controlled system by combining the cascaded concept with a control design in the state space. Both simulation and implementation results are presented, together with tuning methods and aspects
14. Chich-Yi Huang, Tien-Chi Chen, Ching-Lien Huang, "Robust control of induction motor with a neural-network load torque estimator and a neural-network identification," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 990-998, Oct. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : This paper presents a control scheme for an induction motor drive which consists of a compensator, neural network identification (NNI), and neural network load torque estimator (NNLTE) based on the conventional proportional-integral controller. The NNI is a two-layer neural network which uses a projection algorithm to estimate the parameters of the induction motor and to regulate the gain of the compensator such that the response of the induction motor follows that of the nominal plant. The NNLTE is a two-layer neural network which uses the steepest descent algorithm to estimate the load disturbance and forward feed, resulting in equivalent control such that the speed response of the induction motor is robust against the load disturbance. Computer simulations and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed control scheme can obtain a robust speed control
15. Faa-Jeng Lin, Rong-Jong Wai, Rou-Yong Duan, "Fuzzy neural networks for identification and control of ultrasonic motor drive with LLCC resonant technique," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 999-1011, Oct. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : This paper demonstrates the applications of fuzzy neural networks (FNNs) in the identification and control of the ultrasonic motor (USM). First, the USM is derived by a newly designed high-frequency two-phase voltage-source inverter using LLCC resonant technique. Then, two FNNs with varied learning rates are proposed to control the rotor position of the USM. The USM drive system is identified by a fuzzy neural network identifier (FNNI) to provide the sensitivity information of the drive system to a fuzzy neural network controller (FNNC). A backpropagation algorithm is used to train both the FNNI and FNNC on-line. Moreover, to guarantee the convergence of identification and tracking errors, analytical methods based on a discrete-type Lyapunov function are proposed to determine the varied learning rates of the FNNs. In addition, the effectiveness of the FNN-controlled USM drive system is demonstrated by experimental results. Accurate tracking response can be obtained due to the powerful on-line learning capability of the FNNs. Furthermore, the influence of parameter variations and external disturbances on the USM drive system can be reduced effectively
16. K. Erbatur, M.O. Kaynak, A. Sabanovic, "A study on robustness property of sliding-mode controllers: a novel design and experimental investigations," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 1012-1018, Oct. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : The robustness property of sliding-mode controllers (SMCs) makes them attractive for industrial control applications. However, this property is valid only under ideal sliding-mode conditions. Additionally, practical SMCs are likely to exhibit high-frequency oscillations in the plant output, called chattering, and to excite unmodeled dynamics. A novel, chattering-free sliding-mode control algorithm design, based on Lyapunov stability criteria, is considered in this paper. The control algorithm developed is experimentally implemented on a direct-drive manipulator for various payload configurations. It is seen that the controller carries a certain amount of robustness property, the trajectory-following performance being only slightly affected by the changes in the payload. A comparison of the experimental results with those obtained by a well-tuned proportional-derivative control is also given
17. R.A. Al-Ashoor, K. Khorasani, "A decentralized indirect adaptive control for a class of two-time-scale nonlinear systems with application to flexible-joint manipulators," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 1019-1029, Oct. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : In this paper, the problem of an indirect adaptive decentralized control for a class of two-time scale interconnected systems is considered. The concept of an integral manifold is first utilized to construct the dynamics of corrected slow subsystems. Fast subsystems are also constructed to represent the dynamics of the fast modes. A composite control scheme based on full state feedback is then developed to guarantee stability and robustness of the closed-loop system. The controller is designed by taking into account the effects of unmodeled dynamics, identification errors, and parameter variations. Stability analysis of the resulting closed-loop full-order system subject to the composite controller is presented. To demonstrate the application of the proposed algorithm, an example of a two-link flexible-joint manipulator is considered. Simulation results are provided to validate the applicability of the proposed control scheme
18. U. Has, D. Wassilew, "Temperature control for food in pots on cooking hobs," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 1030-1034, Oct. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : A control system for the temperature of food in a cooking pot is introduced. The cooking pot is heated on a consumer cooking hob. The temperature of the pot side is used as input for the controller. It is measured by an infrared detector. The infrared detector is a thermopile. The sensor signal is evaluated by a rule-based control algorithm. The system is simple, reliable, and very user friendly. An exact temperature settlement in a consumer hob is available for the first time. The system is used for automatic cooking
19. Jee-Woo Lim, Bong-Hwan Kwon, "A power-factor controller for single-phase PWM rectifiers," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 1035-1037, Oct. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : A novel power-factor controller for single-phase pulsewidth modulated rectifiers is proposed. The unity power-factor controller for a sinusoidal input current is derived using the feedback linearization concept. Two active switches and two diodes are utilized for AC-to-DC power conversion. Experimental results obtained on a 4 kW prototype are discussed
20. S. Fararooy, "Accurate and fast speed measurement using ramp-waveform sampling technique," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 1037-1040, Oct. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : A novel “ramp-waveform sampling technique” for accurate and fast speed measurement is presented. Square pulses from an encoder are turned into ramps using analog electronics. They are then sampled, and linear regression is used on ramp-waveform sample points to extrapolate backward and determine the starting point of each pulse very accurately
21. J.L. Silvino, B.C. Rabelo, "An improved estimation of the induction machine leakage inductances ," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 1040-1042, Oct. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : An alternative method for the determination of the induction machine leakage inductances is proposed. The stator transient inductance is the only parameter needed, besides the nameplate data. Results show the accuracy of the technique
22. Yih-Neng Lin, Chern-Lin Chen, "Adaptive pseudoreduced-order flux observer for speed sensorless field-oriented control of IM," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 1042-1045, Oct. 1999. Full Text Link Abstract : An adaptive pseudoreduced-order flux observer for speed sensorless field-oriented control is presented. In comparison with the adaptive full-order flux observer, the proposed method consumes less computational time and illustrates better speed performance. Simulations and experiments on a 3-hp induction motor verify the validity of the proposed method
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
