IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
Power Electronics
1. B.W. Williams, S.J. Finney, "Passive snubber energy recovery for a GTO thyristor inverter bridge leg," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 2-8, Feb. 2000. Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper presents a turn-on and turn-off passive energy recovery snubber circuit suitable for high-voltage high-power gate-turn-off thyristor inverter bridge configurations. The circuit recovers not only inductive turn-on and capacitive turn-off snubber energies, but also energies associated with freewheel diode reverse recovery. Energy is transferred back to the DC supply via a high-frequency transformer, that is fully reset. A method for reducing the transformer secondary diode voltage stress is presented. The performance of the circuit is supported by PSpice simulation, mathematical analysis, and practical results
2. K. Sheng, S.J. Finney, B.W. Williams, "Thermal stability of IGBT high-frequency operation," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 9-16, Feb. 2000. Full Text Link
Abstract : Thermal stability of high-frequency insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) operation is studied in this paper. The nonpunch-through IGBT is found to be stable when operated within its rated temperature. Thermal runaway occurs with punch-through IGBTs at temperatures below the maximum junction temperature when operated at high frequency at well below rated current, with snubber or soft-switching circuits
3. S. Carabelli, F. Maddaleno, M. Muzzarelli, "High-efficiency linear power amplifier for active magnetic bearings ," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 17-24, Feb. 2000. Full Text Link
Abstract : A modified class-G linear amplifier has been developed to improve the overall efficiency of a transconductance amplifier loaded with the high inductance and low resistance typical of the magnetic bearing coils. A simple theoretical characterization has been used to provide some diagrams to optimize the power efficiency as a function of a nonconstant load such as that due to a rotor unbalance. Experimental results are reported that show a more than satisfactory agreement with the expected results and the developed theory
4. Ching-Tsai Pan, Jenn-Jong Shieh, "New space-vector control strategies for three-phase step-up/down AC/DC converter," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 25-35, Feb. 2000. Full Text Link
Abstract : In this paper, an equivalent DC duty cycle for the generalized zero-voltage space vectors is proposed such that control of the three-phase AC part and the DC part of the converter circuit can be integrated to achieve the ideal characteristic of single-stage step-up/down AC/DC converter. Depending upon how many modes are chosen and which class of generalized zero-voltage space vectors is selected to increase the equivalent DC duty cycle, different control strategies can be obtained. It is seen that not only the control of the six switches is simplified but also the deadtime circuit for avoiding short circuit of the same arm can be eliminated for the proposed converter. In addition, some guidelines for selecting the LC parameters are described briefly and experimental results given for verifying the validity of the proposed converter
5. Yim-Shu Lee, K.C. Wong, C.K. Ng, "Behavior modeling of magnetizing currents in switch-mode DC-DC converters," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 36-44, Feb. 2000. Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper describes a new technique to model the behavior of the magnetizing current in a transformer-coupled switch-mode DC-DC converter. The new technique uses a virtual magnetizing winding, together with a virtual magnetizing current source, to account for the effect of the magnetizing inductance on the switching operation of the transformer. By including the effect of the magnetizing current, the behavior model of a switch-mode converter can be made more complete. The model developed is particularly useful for the analysis and low-frequency behavior simulation of complex converters such as actively-clamped converters, where the magnetizing current significantly affects the characteristics of the converter
6. B.K.H. Wong, H. Shu-Hung Chung, "A systematic graphing technique for small-signal low-frequency characterization of PWM DC/DC converters," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 45-54, Feb. 2000. Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper presents a systematic graphing technique for the small-signal low-frequency characterization of pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) DC/DC power converters. The methodology starts with using a discrete-time state-space description to formulate a small-signal sensitivity graph for each circuit topology. Each graph correlates state-variable sensitivities with the topology duration, input source and state vector at the beginning of the topology. The overall converter sensitivities in one switching cycle are obtained by cascading the respective graphs in accordance with the sequence of the topologies. As the proposed method integrates with original algorithms for obtaining the time-domain responses and the steady-state operating point of converters, it is unnecessary to have a priori understanding of the converter operation and is possible to obtain actual circuit waveforms within one switching cycle. The proposed method is exemplified by analyzing a PWM boost converter operating in continuous conduction mode and discontinuous conduction mode under open-loop and closed-loop control, respectively. Theoretical predictions are verified with experimental measurements
7. Yie-Tone Chen, "Small-signal analysis of a synchronous-switch post regulator with coupled inductors," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 55-66, Feb. 2000. Full Text Link
Abstract : A small-signal model of the synchronous-switch post regulator with coupled inductors is developed. Performance variations of the synchronous switch post regulator due to different coupling coefficients are investigated. Comparison of the multiple-output converter using the technique of post regulation with the multiple-output converter using the scheme of weighted-mode control is also discussed. Experiments are given to verify the validity of the proposed small-signal model
8. J.H. Chen, K.T. Chau, C.C. Chan, "Analysis of chaos in current-mode-controlled DC drive systems," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 67-76, Feb. 2000. Full Text Link
Abstract : In this paper, chaotic behavior in current-mode-controlled dc drive systems has been analyzed. The key is to derive an iterative map that describes the nonlinear system dynamics. Analytical modeling of fundamental and subharmonic oscillations as well as their stability analysis are presented. The results show that current-mode-controlled DC motor drive systems generally exhibit chaotic behavior. To avoid the occurrence of chaos, the stable ranges of various system parameters are determined. Both computer simulation and experimental measurement are given to verify the theoretical analysis
Drive Control
9. L. Harnefors, H.-P. Nee, "A general algorithm for speed and position estimation of AC motors ," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 77-83, Feb. 2000. Full Text Link
Abstract : A computationally efficient speed and position estimation algorithm, generally applicable to AC motor drives, is designed and analyzed. Applications include: (a) sensorless permanent-magnet and reluctance synchronous motor drives using the fundamental excitation as information source; (b) sensorless drives using saliency and signal injection; and (c) sensored drives using resolvers. Particular attention is given for case (a). Low parameter sensitivity in the entire speed range (except at low speeds for the reluctance motor)-implying a small position estimation error-and good dynamic properties at nominal speeds are verified
10. T. Emura, Lei Wang, "A high-resolution interpolator for incremental encoders based on the quadrature PLL method," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 84-90, Feb. 2000. Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper presents a new high-resolution interpolator for incremental encoders based on the quadrature phase-locked loop method proposed by Emura. Until now, this method has been applied to controllers of high-precision servomechanisms and has shown excellent performance. In this paper, the authors apply the method for the first time to an interpolator for incremental encoders. The experimental results show that high-speed interpolation is possible, with a maximum output frequency of 25 MHz-20 times higher than that of conventional interpolators. The interpolator proposed was also tested for noise rejection with a high-speed numerically controlled gear grinding machine, and has shown good noise rejection capability. This paper presents the design of the interpolator and the experimental results
11. Jun-Koo Kang, Seung-Ki Sul, "Vertical-vibration control of elevator using estimated car acceleration feedback compensation," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 91-99, Feb. 2000. Full Text Link
Abstract : In this paper, a vibration suppression strategy is proposed for improving the riding comfort of an elevator, using car acceleration feedback compensation. The vertical vibration of a lift car is mainly caused by the resonance of elastic ropes between the car and the sheave, and the resonant frequency of the system is dependent upon both passenger load and lift position. To suppress the vibration of a lift car, the car velocity or acceleration is needed, but only a sheave velocity is measurable in a practical situation. The proposed method applies an extended full-order observer for the simultaneous estimation of car acceleration and the identification of mechanical parameters. Acceleration feedback compensation is used for the vibration suppression control. Experimental evaluation has been performed with a 30 kVA insulated gate bipolar transistor inverter and a medium-speed elevator system in an elevator test tower. Computer simulated and experimental results prove the feasibility of the proposed vertical-vibration controller
12. S.C. Mukhopadhyay, T. Ohji, M. Iwahara, S. Yamada, "Modeling and control of a new horizontal-shaft hybrid-type magnetic bearing," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 100-108, Feb. 2000. Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper reports on the development of a new horizontal-shaft hybrid-type magnetic bearing system. The bearing system will be used for a horizontal-shaft machine. The rotor is levitated due to the repulsive force between a stator and a rotor permanent magnet (PM). A lower cost and higher radial stiffness have been achieved by using a strontium-ferrite magnet on the rotor and an Nd-Fe-B PM above and below the rotor magnet. A finite-element analysis was performed to calculate the levitation force and radial stiffness. An upper stator magnet subtending an angle of 45° provides the best compromise between a large levitation force and radial stiffness. A model for the horizontal-shaft hybrid magnetic bearing system has been developed and includes the effect of the rotor dynamics and the electromagnetic forces. An integral servocontroller was designed to stabilize the axial position. The controller has been implemented in a digital signal processor. Experimental results performed on a prototype system are in agreement with the theoretical results
13. Sung Jun Park, Han Woong Park, Man Hyung Lee, F. Harashima, "A new approach for minimum-torque-ripple maximum-efficiency control of BLDC motor," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 109-114, Feb. 2000. Full Text Link
Abstract : Torque-ripple control of the brushless DC motor has been the main issue of the servo drive systems in which the speed fluctuation, vibration, and acoustic noise should be minimized. Most methods for suppressing the torque ripples require Fourier series analysis and either iterative or least-mean-square minimization. In this paper, a novel approach to achieve ripple-free torque control with maximum efficiency based on the d-q-0 reference frame is presented. The proposed method optimizes the reference phase current waveforms which include the case of three-phase unbalanced conditions. As a result, the proposed approach provides a simple way to obtain optimal motor excitation currents. The validity and practical applications of the proposed control scheme are verified through the simulations and experimental results
14. C. Mademlis, J. Xypteras, N. Margaris, "Loss minimization in surface permanent-magnet synchronous motor drives," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 115-122, Feb. 2000. Full Text Link
Abstract : The loss minimization in surface permanent-magnet synchronous motor drives is investigated. Based on theoretical analysis, a loss model controller is introduced to specify the optimal air-gap flux that minimizes losses. Theoretical results are verified experimentally. The proposed loss model controller is simple and does not adversely affect the cost and complexity of the drive. Implementation of the loss model controller does not require knowledge of the loss model. The suggested loss minimization method can be applied both in V/f- or current-controlled schemes
15. G.D. Marques, P. Verdelho, "A simple slip-power recovery system with a DC voltage intermediate circuit and reduced harmonics on the mains," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 123-132, Feb. 2000. Full Text Link
Abstract : A different circuit configuration for the slip-power recovery system is presented in this paper. A boost chopper is used to connect the diode rectifier to the DC-link voltage, which is composed of a capacitor and a voltage-source inverter (VSI). The diode rectifier gives rise to mains current harmonies of variable frequency, which can present subharmonics, harmonics, and interharmonics that can lead to flicker in the mains. Two simple solutions to this drawback are studied. In the first solution, additional inductances were connected on the AC side of the rotor circuits to increase the overlap angle. In the second solution, the stator current harmonics are compensated by a VSI that can work simultaneously as an inverter and as an active power filter. This system represents a very interesting and useful application for active power filters. The merits of the configuration presented are cost, control simplicity, the possibility of reactive power control over a wide range, and quasi-optimum exploitation of the electrical machine. The characteristics of the proposed system and its control are presented in this paper. It is concluded that, although the system proposed is much simpler than others, it has interesting performance
Robotics and Vision
16. Jae Wook Jeon, Young Youl Ha, "A generalized approach for the acceleration and deceleration of industrial robots and CNC machine tools," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 133-139, Feb. 2000. Full Text Link
Abstract : Many techniques for the acceleration and deceleration of industrial robots and computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools have been proposed in order to make industrial robots and CNC machine tools perform given tasks efficiently. Although the techniques selecting polynomial functions can generate various acceleration and deceleration characteristics, the major problem is the computational load. The digital convolution techniques are more efficient than the techniques selecting polynomial functions. However, neither velocity profiles of which the deceleration characteristics is independent from the acceleration characteristics nor those of which the acceleration interval is different from the deceleration interval can be generated by the digital convolution techniques. This paper proposes a generalized approach for generating velocity profiles that cannot be generated by the digital convolution techniques. According to the desired characteristics of acceleration and deceleration, each set of coefficients is calculated and is stored. Given a moving distance, and acceleration and deceleration intervals, a velocity profile having the desired characteristics of acceleration and deceleration can be efficiently generated by using these coefficients. Several velocity profiles generated by the proposed technique are applied to one single-axis control system
17. A. Piazzi, A. Visioli, "Global minimum-jerk trajectory planning of robot manipulators," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 140-149, Feb. 2000. Full Text Link
Abstract : A new approach based on interval analysis is developed to find the global minimum-jerk (MJ) trajectory of a robot manipulator within a joint space scheme using cubic splines. MJ trajectories are desirable for their similarity to human joint movements and for their amenability to path tracking and to limit robot vibrations. This makes them attractive choices for robotic applications, in spite of the fact that the manipulator dynamics are not taken into account. Cubic splines are used in a framework that assures overall continuity of velocities and accelerations in the robot movement. The resulting MJ trajectory planning is shown to be a global constrained minimax optimization problem. This is solved by a newly devised algorithm based on interval analysis and proof of convergence with certainty to an arbitrarily good global solution is provided. The proposed planning method is applied to an example regarding a six-joint manipulator and comparisons with an alternative MJ planner are exposed
18. W.L. Xu, J.D. Han, S.K. Tso, Y.C. Wang, "Contact transition control via joint acceleration feedback," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 150-158, Feb. 2000. Full Text Link
Abstract : Stable and controllable transition from free motion to constrained motion is of central importance for robots in contact with the environment in many applications. In this paper, a joint acceleration feedback control scheme of high bandwidth is employed to damp oscillations during the contact transition when the approaching speed does not vanish. In this control scheme, a classical integral force controller is refined by means of joint acceleration and velocity feedback. This is intended to achieve a stable contact transition without need of adjusting the controller parameters adaptive to the unknown or changing environments. Extensive experiments are conducted on the third joint of a three-link direct-drive robot to verify the proposed scheme for the environments of various stiffnesses, including elastic (sponge), less-elastic (cardboard), and hard (steel plate) surfaces. Results are also compared with those by the transition control without the acceleration feedback. The proposed scheme is shown to be promising in terms of robustness, stability and adaptability
19. R. Zunino, S. Rovetta, "Vector quantization for license-plate location and image coding," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 159-167, Feb. 2000. Full Text Link
Abstract : License-plate location in sensor images plays an important role in vehicle identification for automated transport systems (ATS). This paper presents a novel method based on vector quantization (VQ) to process vehicle images. The proposed method makes it possible to perform superior picture compression for archival purposes and to support effective location at the same time. As compared with classical approaches, VQ encoding can give some hints about the contents of image regions; such additional information can be exploited to boost location performance. The VQ system can be trained by way of examples; this gives the advantages of adaptiveness and on-field tuning. The approach has been tested in a real industrial application and included satisfactorily in a complete ATS for vehicle identification
Signal Processing
20. A.R. Pauchard, D. Manic, A. Flanagan, P.A. Besse, R.S. Popovic, "A method for spark rejection in ultraviolet flame detectors," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 168-174, Feb. 2000. Full Text Link
Abstract : A novel method is presented to render ultraviolet (UV) flame detectors insensitive to ignition spark radiation. The method involves isolating the signal due to the sparks from the UV sensor output and subtracting a DC signal proportional to it from the output of the flame detector sensor system. A practical demonstration of the method is given using a commercially available UV flame detector with the addition of an analog circuit to perform the necessary signal processing. A selectivity improvement to spark radiation of greater than 130 has been obtained. The method is robust in that it is independent of the distance between the light source and the flame detector and has been designed to work with different spark generators found on the market. The analog circuit is simple, requiring few components, thus ensuring rugged, fail-safe operation and low cost
21. Weng Khuen Ho, Tong Heng Lee, Wen Xu, J.R. Zhou, Ee Beng Tay, "The direct Nyquist array design of PID controllers," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 175-185, Feb. 2000. Full Text Link
Abstract : The gain and phase margins design for single-input single-output proportional-integral-derivative controllers is extended to the multivariable system's Nyquist array. The design method allows the user to specify the robustness and performance of the system through gain and phase margin specifications. The unformatted design procedure given in this paper is well suited for implementing self-tuning PID control for multivariable processes. A laboratory implementation is given in the paper to demonstrate the design method
22. I. Nancovska, A. Jeglic, D. Fefer, L. Todorovski, "Deterministic predictive models for DC voltage reference source control," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 186-192, Feb. 2000. Full Text Link
Abstract : In this paper, we use predictive models for voltage correction in a high-precision DC voltage reference source (DCVRS) based on Zener diodes. Voltage reference elements, which compose the DCVRS, are improved by implementing a control loop with built-in predictors. Thus, the sensitivity of the system is reduced and, thereby, the stability of the DCVRS is improved. The predictive abilities of two different paradigms, neural-network-based predictors and difference equation predictors obtained by equation discovery system LAGRAMGE, are compared
23. Wen Fang Xie, A.B. Rad, "Fuzzy adaptive internal model control," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 193-202, Feb. 2000. Full Text Link
Abstract : In this paper, a fuzzy adaptive internal model controller (FAIMC) for open-loop stable plants is presented. The control scheme consists of two parts: a fuzzy dynamic model and a model-based fuzzy controller. A fuzzy dynamic model, which serves as the internal model of the FAIMC is identified online by using the input and output measurement of the plant. Based on the identified fuzzy model, the fuzzy controller is designed to minimize an H2 performance objective. This FAIMC scheme has been successfully applied to control the flow rate in a laboratory-scale process control unit from Bytronic. The experimental results demonstrate that this class of control scheme is appropriate for control of time-varying stable plants with time delay. The control system is also shown to possess satisfactory robust performance
24. K.M. Tsang, W.L. Lo, A.B. Rad, "Autotuning of phase-lead controller for integrating systems," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 203-210, Feb. 2000. Full Text Link
Abstract : In this paper, a new method for autotuning of a phase-lead controller for nonselfregulating or integrating systems is proposed. By connecting the system with a suitable high-order derivative filter and a relay with hysteresis, the frequency data of the system can be obtained and phase-lead controllers can be designed based on some phase margin specifications. Simulations and experimental studies are included in the paper to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm
Emerging Technologies
25. S. Obayashi, T. Tsukahara, T. Nakamura, "Multiobjective genetic algorithm applied to aerodynamic design of cascade airfoils," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 211-216, Feb. 2000. Full Text Link
Abstract : A multiobjective genetic algorithm (GA) based on Fonseca-Fleming's Pareto-based ranking and fitness-sharing techniques has been applied to aerodynamic shape optimization of cascade airfoil design. Airfoil performance is evaluated by a Navier-Stokes code. Evaluation of GA population is parallelized on the Numerical Wind Tunnel, a parallel vector machine. The present multiobjective design seeks high pressure rise, high flow turning angle, and low total pressure loss at a low Mach number. Pareto solutions that perform better than existing control diffusion airfoils were obtained
Letters to the Editor
26. W.G. da Silva, P.P. Acarnley, J.W. Finch, "Application of genetic algorithms to the online tuning of electric drive speed controllers," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 217-219, Feb. 2000. Full Text Link
Abstract : Tuning of electric drive speed controllers is complicated by nonlinearities. Usual practice obtains controller settings with conventional linear analysis methods and then tunes the settings using trial-and-error methods during commissioning. An alternative approach, using genetic algorithms for the online tuning, is proved experimentally to optimize the drive's response efficiently. These settings are critically dependent on operating point
27. P.B. Boyagoda, M. Nakaoka, "An advanced tracking controller with neural networks for servo systems," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 219-222, Feb. 2000. Full Text Link
Abstract : A novel controller for generic servo systems using a neural network input-output measurement classifier and a staggered proportional plus integral plus derivative-like gain control scheme is proposed. The controller incorporates a knowledge-based control strategy and does not require a priori knowledge of the plant. The system controller is robust to both structured and unstructured uncertainties
28. S. Ben-Yaakov, S. Glozman, R. Rabinovici, "Envelope simulation by SPICE-compatible models of electric circuits driven by modulated signals," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 222-225, Feb. 2000. Full Text Link
Abstract : SPICE-compatible equivalent circuits were developed to facilitate the analysis and envelope simulation of electric circuits driven by modulated signals. The circuits are based on a novel complex phasor domain transformation. The proposed method facilitates fast simulation of any general linear circuit driven by a modulated signal, such as amplitude, frequency, or phase modulation
29. Sin-Yeung Cho, T.W.S. Chow, "Shape and surface measurement technology by an improved shape-from-shading neural algorithm," Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 225-230, Feb. 2000. Full Text Link
Abstract : A new approach for measuring the shape and surface of an object observed from a single camera is proposed. The proposed approach is based on using the neural networks as a parametric representation of the three-dimensional object and the shape-from-shading problem is formulated as the minimization of an intensity error function with respect to the network weights. Experimental results demonstrate that the authors' proposed methodology exhibits high efficiency and accuracy for measuring and inspecting a product's surface in the manufacturing industry