IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 

Volume 49,  Number 1, Feb. 2002           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page

Special Section on SRM and Drives

1. 1.     D.A. Torrey, "Switched reluctance generators and their control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 3-14, Feb. 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper discusses how the switched reluctance generator (SRG) converts energy as directed by a controller. Beginning with a review of the electromechanics of generation, the paper identifies the implications of the energy conversion process on how the SRG is controlled. The structure of the SRG controller for speed-control and power-control applications is discussed. Practical implementation details for commutation of the SRG are reviewed. Concepts are illustrated with a 6-kW SRG designed to serve as a starter/alternator in automotive applications

1. 2.     T.J.E. Miller, "Optimal design of switched reluctance motors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 15-27, Feb. 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The fundamental theory of the switched reluctance motor is presented with a number of new equations. It is used to show how the practical development of a design calculation should proceed, and this leads to a discussion of physical characteristics required to achieve satisfactory performance and to reduce acoustic noise. The paper makes a few generic observations on the characteristics of successful products that use switched reluctance motors. It is written at a basic engineering level and makes no attempt to apply sophisticated optimization theory

1. 3.     I. Husain, "Minimization of torque ripple in SRM drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 28-39, Feb. 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The torque pulsations in switched reluctance motors (SRMs) are relatively higher compared to sinusoidal machines due to the doubly salient structure of the motor. The magnetization pattern of the individual phases together with the T-i-&thetas; characteristics of the motor dictate the amount of torque ripple during operation. Both machine design and electronic control approaches have been used to minimize the torque ripple in SRMs. This paper presents an extensive review of the origin of torque ripple and the approaches adopted over the past decade to minimize the torque ripple. A hybrid torque-ripple-minimizing controller that incorporates the attractive features of some of the techniques developed in the past decade is presented along with simulation and experimental results

1. 4.     M. Ehsani, B. Fahimi, "Elimination of position sensors in switched reluctance motor drives: state of the art and future trends," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 40-47, Feb. 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper covers the range of topics related to sensorless control of switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives from their fundamentals to their limitations and state of the art and future trends. This should help the reader to develop a systematic understanding of the sensorless techniques that have been developed over the past two decades. The inherent vulnerability to mechanical failures, extra cost, and size associated with external position sensors such as optical encoders, resolvers, and custom-designed Hall-effect sensors has motivated many researchers to develop sensorless control techniques for SRM drives. Ideally, it is desirable to have a sensorless scheme, which uses only terminal measurements and does not require additional hardware or memory while maintaining a reliable operation over the entire speed and torque range with high resolution and accuracy. Advances in the development of low-cost digital-signal-processor-based microcontrollers have paved the way for the fulfillment of this objective. It is, furthermore, our view that the existing trends in the development of more powerful processors will ultimately replace the concept of sensorless controls with the concept of eliminating the need for position sensing, a concept that will further revolutionize the motor drive technology

1. 5.     R.B. Inderka, M. Menne, R.W.A.A. De Doncker, "Control of switched reluctance drives for electric vehicle applications," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 48-53, Feb. 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Dynamic controllers of switched reluctance drives adjust at least three variables, i.e., current amplitude, turn-on, and turn-off angles. In electric vehicle (EV) applications high efficiency of the drive over a wide speed range, wide torque bandwidth, and low torque ripple under varying DC-bus voltage conditions are important design goals. Hence, controllers of switched reluctance drives for EVs usually have a complex structure. In this paper, the demands on control accuracy of switched reluctance machine traction drives and the traction controller sampling frequency, which are necessary to take advantage of the switched reluctance machine dynamic capabilities, are discussed. To integrate the traction drive, the control commands need to be actualized with a sampling frequency of at least 100 Hz to meet the high-dynamic requirements of modern vehicle control systems, e.g., active cruise control, antislip control, and active damping of mechanical drivetrain oscillations. It is found that the switching angles have to be adjusted within one-tenth of a mechanical degree. This study shows that switched reluctance drives can fulfill all requirements needed for electric propulsion using standard microcontrollers or digital signal processors

1. 6.     J. Reinert, S. Schroder, "Power-factor correction for switched reluctance drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 54-57, Feb. 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper evaluates the need for power-factor correction (PFC) in switched reluctance drive systems supplied from single-phase mains. The aim is to achieve interference values lower than the prescribed norms at minimal system costs and volume. It is shown that for certain applications, a PFC circuit has to be implemented, but simpler technical solutions are often possible. Finally, a suggestion is presented as to how a low-cost power-factor-corrected system should be built for high-volume production
 

Drive Control


1. 7.   M. El-Habrouk, M.K. Darwish, "A new control technique for active power filters using a combined genetic algorithm/conventional analysis," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 58-66, Feb. 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : In this paper, the computational problems associated with the optimization techniques used to evaluate the switching patterns for controlling variable-characteristics active power filters are presented and critically analyzed. Genetic algorithms (GAs) are introduced in this paper to generate a fast and accurate initial starting point in the highly nonlinear optimization space of mathematical optimization techniques. GAs tend to speed up the initialization process by a factor of 13. A combined GA/conventional technique is also proposed and implemented to reduce the associated computational burden associated with the control and, consequently, increasing the speed of response of this class of active filters. Comparisons of these techniques are discussed and presented in conjunction with simulation and practical results for the filter operation

1. 8.     Tsang-Li Tai, Jian-Shiang Chen, "UPS inverter design using discrete-time sliding-mode control scheme ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 67-75, Feb. 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper presents a novel discrete-time sliding-mode control algorithm for an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) inverter design. The approach offers a dual-loop design, in which a current predictor utilizes the tracking error of output voltage to estimate the desired inductor current, while a current controller is adopted to regulate the inductor current and, thus, produces a control command to the pulsewidth modulation inverter. An explicit condition for stable controller design is derived. The efficacy of this scheme is validated via a successful implementation on a digital-signal-processor-based UPS inverter. The proposed scheme has shown its robustness on low output voltage distortion, excellent voltage regulation, and it is insensitive to load variation, even under nonlinear loads. Experimental studies were performed to further validate the effectiveness of this scheme

1. 9.     T. Suntio, I. Gadoura, K. Zenger, "Input filter interactions in peak-current-mode-controlled buck converter operating in CICM," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 76-86, Feb. 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Peak-current-mode (PCM) control is a widely used method to control switched-mode converters. Most often an input filter is necessary to meet electromagnetic interference requirements. The input filter can cause instability and degradation of input and output dynamics if not properly designed. The input filter design from the output dynamics viewpoint has been addressed in numerous papers, resulting in well-agreed results in the case of direct duty-ratio control. The same methods and criteria have also been applied to PCM control, but the results have turned out to be conflicting. This paper shows that the adverse effect of the input filter on the output performance of a peak-current-controlled buck converter in continuous inductor-current mode is insignificant. The input performance is, however, significantly affected, necessitating the use of proper damping. It is also shown that the instability is caused solely by the instability of the input filter under negative incremental resistance. The methods used are unified in nature, but the results obtained in this study cannot be generalized to be valid for types of converters other than a buck converter

1. 10.     M. Rodic, K. Jezernik, "Speed-sensorless sliding-mode torque control of an induction motor ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 87-95, Feb. 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Novel induction motor control optimizing both torque response and efficiency is proposed in the paper. The main contribution of the paper is a new structure of rotor flux observer aimed at the speed-sensorless operation of an induction machine servo drive at both low and high speed, where rapid speed changes can occur. The control differs from the conventional field-oriented control. Stator and rotor flux in stator fixed coordinates are controlled instead of the stator current components in rotor field coordinates i_sd and i_sq. In principle, the proposed method is based on driving the stator flux toward the reference stator flux vector defined by the input command, which are the reference torque and the reference rotor flux. The magnitude and orientation angle of the rotor flux of the induction motor are determined by the output of the closed-loop rotor flux observer based on sliding-mode control and Lyapunov theory. Simulations and experimental tests are provided to evaluate the consistency and performance of the proposed control technique

1. 11.     Hong-Zhou Tan, N. Sepehri, "Parametric fault diagnosis for electrohydraulic cylinder drive units," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 96-106, Feb. 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A novel model-based methodology for fault diagnosis (FD) of nonlinear hydraulic drive systems is presented in this paper. Due to its linear dependence upon parameters, a second-truncated Volterra nonlinear model is first used to characterize such systems. The versatile order-recursive estimation scheme is employed to determine the values of parameters in the Volterra model. The scheme also avoids separate determination of the model order; thus, the complexity of the search process is reduced. Next, it is shown that the estimated parameters, representing different states of the system, normal as well as faulty conditions, can be used to detect and isolate system faults in a geometric domain. Very promising results are exhibited via simulations as well as laboratory experiments. It is concluded that the developed parametric FD technique has potential to provide efficient condition monitoring and/or preventive maintenance in hydraulic actuator circuits

1. 12.     F. Grasser, A. D'Arrigo, S. Colombi, A.C. Rufer, "JOE: a mobile, inverted pendulum," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 107-114, Feb. 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The Industrial Electronics Laboratory at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland, has built a prototype of a revolutionary two-wheeled vehicle. Due to its configuration with two coaxial wheels, each of which is coupled to a DC motor, the vehicle is able to do stationary U-turns. A control system, made up of two decoupled state-space controllers, pilots the motors so as to keep the system in equilibrium

1. 13.     Chih-Min Lin, Chun-Fei Hsu, "Neural-network-based adaptive control for induction servomotor drive system," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 115-123, Feb. 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A neural-network-based adaptive control (NNAC) design method is proposed to control an induction servomotor. In this NNAC design, a neural network (NN) controller is investigated to mimic a feedback linearization control law; and a compensation controller is designed to compensate for the approximation error between the feedback linearization control law and the NN controller. The interconnection weights of the NN can be online tuned in the sense of the Lyapunov stability theorem; thus, the stability of the control system can be guaranteed. Additionally, in this NNAC system design, an error estimation mechanism is investigated to estimate the bound of approximation error so that the chattering phenomenon of the control effort can be reduced. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed NNAC servomotor control systems can achieve favorable tracking and robust performance with regard to parameter variations and external load disturbances

1. 14.     K.L. Shi, T.F. Chan, Y.K. Wong, S.L. Ho, "Speed estimation of an induction motor drive using an optimized extended Kalman filter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 124-133, Feb. 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper presents a novel method to achieve good performance of an extended Kalman filter (EKF) for speed estimation of an induction motor drive. A real-coded genetic algorithm (GA) is used to optimize the noise covariance and weight matrices of the EKF, thereby ensuring filter stability and accuracy in speed estimation. Simulation studies on a constant V/Hz controller and a field-oriented controller (FOC) under various operating conditions demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method. The experimental system consists of a prototype digital-signal-processor-based FOC induction motor drive with hardware facilities for acquiring the speed, voltage, and current signals to a PC. Experiments comprising offline GA training and verification phases are presented to validate the performance of the optimized EKF

1. 15.     Faa-Jeng Lin, Rong-Jong Wai, Wen-Der Chou, Shu-Peng Hsu, "Adaptive backstepping control using recurrent neural network for linear induction motor drive," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 134-146, Feb. 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : An adaptive backstepping control system using a recurrent neural network (RNN) is proposed to control the mover position of a linear induction motor (LIM) drive to compensate the uncertainties including the friction force in this paper. First, the dynamic model of an indirect field-oriented LIM drive is derived. Then, a backstepping approach is proposed to compensate the uncertainties including the friction force occurred in the motion control system. With the proposed backstepping control system, the mover position of the LIM drive possesses the advantages of good transient control performance and robustness to uncertainties for the tracking of periodic reference trajectories. Moreover, to further increase the robustness of the LIM drive, an RNN uncertainty observer is proposed to estimate the required lumped uncertainty in the backstepping control system. In addition, an online parameter training methodology, which is derived using the gradient-descent method, is proposed to increase the learning capability of the RNN. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is verified by both the simulated and experimental results

1. 16.     R. Leidhold, G. Garcia, M.I. Valla, "Field-oriented controlled induction generator with loss minimization," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 147-156, Feb. 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : In this paper, a strategy to control an induction generator (IG) working with variable speed and load is presented and discussed. An inverter and a field-oriented controller are used in order to excite the induction machine (IM) efficiently, minimizing copper and iron losses, and to regulate the generated voltage. The proposed IG system is a stand-alone (not grid connected) system. It is used to produce electrical DC energy, to charge a battery bank, and/or to supply DC loads with maximum efficiency. A laboratory setup, based on a conventional 4 kW squirrel-cage IM, has been implemented. Experimental results are presented in order to validate the proposed strategy
 

Power Electronics

Robotic and Vision

Emerging Technologies

1. 29.     R.R. Mudholkar, S.R. Sawant, "Fuzzy logic transformer build estimation," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 264-267, Feb. 2002.  Full Text Link

Abstract : Mechanical fitting of transformer windings tightly into the core ensures an efficient use of window space. Fuzzy logic transformer build estimation is intended to implement approximate solutions suggested in imprecise terms for the better mechanical fit of windings into the core. For imperfect fit, it readjusts the buildup parameters in iterations to optimize mechanical fit. The results have demonstrated the potentiality of usage of fuzzy logic in the mechanical-fit process of a transformer

Volume 49,  Number 2, April 2002           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page

Special Section on Matrix Converters

2. 1.     P.W. Wheeler, J. Rodriguez, J.C. Clare, L. Empringham, A. Weinstein, "Matrix converters: a technology review," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 276-288, April 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The matrix converter is an array of controlled semiconductor switches that connects directly the three-phase source to the three-phase load. This converter has several attractive features that have been investigated in the last two decades. In the last few years, an increase in research work has been observed, bringing this topology closer to the industrial application. This paper presents the state-of-the-art view in the development of this converter, starting with a brief historical review. An important part of the paper is dedicated to a discussion of the most important modulation and control strategies developed recently. Special attention is given to present modern methods developed to solve the commutation problem. Some new arrays of power bidirectional switches integrated in a single module are also presented. Finally, this paper includes some practical issues related to the practical application of this technology, like overvoltage protection, use of filters and ride-through capability

2. 2.     F. Blaabjerg, D. Casadei, C. Klumpner, M. Matteini, "Comparison of two current modulation strategies for matrix converters under unbalanced input voltage conditions," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 289-296, April 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : In this paper, the input current performance of matrix converters is analyzed, especially with reference to the operating conditions determined by unbalanced supply voltages. The space-vector modulation (SVM) technique is utilized to calculate the duty cycles of the active voltage vectors that must be applied, in each switching cycle period, in order to satisfy the input and output requirements. A detailed theoretical analysis of the input current harmonic content under unbalanced input voltage conditions is presented for two different current modulation strategies. On the basis of numerical simulations as well as measurements on a laboratory prototype setup, the strategies' performance are compared and the validity of the theoretical investigation confirmed. It is concluded that, when the input voltages are unbalanced to a significant extent, a dynamic input current modulation strategy has to be preferred, since a lower harmonic line current distortion will appear

2. 3.     J. Mahlein, M. Bruckmann, M. Braun, "Passive protection strategy for a drive system with a matrix converter and an induction machine," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 297-303, April 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : In this paper, the design and testing of a new protection strategy for a matrix power converter feeding an induction motor with a squirrel cage rotor is described. The new protection strategy with excellent overvoltage protection allows the removal of the large and expensive diode clamp

2. 4.     S. Bernet, S. Ponnaluri, R. Teichmann, "Design and loss comparison of matrix converters, and voltage-source converters for modern AC drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 304-314, April 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper compares a matrix converter (MC) and a DC-voltage link converter with an active front end for a 7.5 kW, 460 V induction motor drive. Part count, semiconductor losses, input filter design, and protection aspects are discussed. It is shown that the matrix converter's semiconductor losses are smaller only at full load operation for the same silicon area in both converters. A 33% reduction of the device current rating of the MC is possible, resulting in comparable thermal device stress. The overall passive component count and rating is only slightly better for the MC

2. 5.     C. Klumpner, F. Blaabjerg, "Experimental evaluation of ride-through capabilities for a matrix converter under short power interruptions," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 315-324, April 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The matrix converters, which are direct power electronic converters, are able to provide important benefits such as bidirectional power flow, sinusoidal input currents with adjustable displacement angle, and a great potential for size reduction. Still, two major disadvantages exist: a lower than unity voltage transfer ratio and high sensitivity to power grid disturbances. Many solutions to provide continuous operation of adjustable speed drives (ASDs) during power grid disturbances have been proposed, but they are all applied to DC-link ASD. In this paper, a new solution to provide limited ride-through operation is presented with a matrix converter using a scalar controlled induction motor for a duration of hundreds of milliseconds, without any hardware modification. During the ride-through operation, the drive is not able to develop torque or to control the motor flux. By recovering the necessary power to feed the control hardware of the matrix converter, it is able to keep the ASD operating. When normal grid conditions are reestablished, the matrix converter is able to accelerate the motor from nonzero speed and flux by initializing the modulator with the estimated frequency and the initial angle of the reference output voltage vector. The maximum duration of the ride-through operation depends on the initial motor flux, speed level, rotor time constant, load torque, and inertia. This method is verified on a laboratory setup with a matrix converter

2. 6.     C. Klumpner, P. Nielsen, I. Boldea, F. Blaabjerg, "A new matrix converter motor (MCM) for industry applications," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 325-335, April 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The trend in electrical drives is to integrate the frequency converter, the electrical motor, and even the gear or the pump into a single unit, in order to reduce the costs, to increase the overall efficiency and the equipment reliability. This paper presents the first integrated regenerative frequency converter motor for industry applications, based on a matrix converter topology. The low volume, the sinusoidal input current, the bidirectional power flow, and the lack of the bulky and limited-lifetime electrolytic capacitors recommend this topology for this application. This paper shows how the matrix converter disadvantages-the lack of bidirectional power devices, the lower voltage transfer ratio, and the overvoltages caused by the input filter during power-up-that have delayed the industrial implementation have been overcome. In order to demonstrate the validity of the solution, a 4-kW matrix converter motor prototype is built using a standard frequency converter motor enclosure for testing the requirements for an industrial drive. The tests demonstrate the good performance of the drive

2. 7.     C. Klumpner, P. Nielsen, I. Boldea, F. Blaabjerg, "New solutions for a low-cost power electronic building block for matrix converters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 336-344, April 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper analyzes some aspects of integrating the matrix converter (MC) bidirectional switches into a power module. The analysis produces two optimal topologies for a power module: one for low-power and another for medium/high-power MCs. A new power module topology for a low-power three-phase-to-three- phase MC is proposed. By using bootstrap circuits to feed the gate-drivers, the proposed configuration requires only three insulated power supplies for a complete MC. This proposal constitutes a solution recommended in the low-power range, where low cost and low volume are the main objectives. Furthermore, a configuration of a power electronic building block for MCs is proposed. This includes the commutation control logic and the overcurrent protection, provides safe operation, and eliminates the specific problem of operating the bidirectional switches

2. 8.     Jie Chang, T. Sun, Anhua Wang, "Highly compact AC-AC converter achieving a high voltage transfer ratio," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 345-352, April 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper reports a new, highly integrated modular design approach for pulsewidth-modulation AC-AC converters based on a modular phase-bank structure. Novel high-power 3-in-1 integrated bi-directional power modules (IBPM) rated at 1200-V AC and 150 A and the 3-to-1 phase bank circuits have been successfully developed, fabricated and tested. This enables the modularity design of the multiphase converter systems and reduces the critical parasitic inductance. A theoretical analysis of the IBPM's silicon utilization for this new breed of direct power converters has been outlined. A lab prototype at medium power level has been successfully designed, implemented, and tested with good results. A nearly 460-VRMS out voltage at a 1:0.955 voltage transfer ratio, which, perhaps, is the highest performance reported so far in the literature, has been achieved by the novel two-side modulation control system. The converter-fed AC motor system is able to operate over the 0-240 Hz range with inherent regenerative capability and four-quadrant operation. Potential industrial applications are also briefly highlighted in this paper

2. 9.     R. Teichmann, J. Oyama, "ARCP soft-switching technique in matrix converters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 353-361, April 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : An alternative concept used to avoid the need for staggered switching in matrix converters is discussed. The features of the auxiliary resonant commutated pole (ARCP) soft switching technique are used to reduce the number of active switches and gate drives in comparison to conventional matrix converter technology, avoid commutation voltage spikes, and reduce switching losses. Three different ARCP matrix converters are reviewed and their operational boundaries are discussed. The ARCPMC technology is critically evaluated with respect to a potential industrial application

2. 10.     P. Mutschler, M. Marcks, "A direct control method for matrix converters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 362-369, April 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Until now, direct control methods have been mainly investigated and used in conjunction with voltage source converters. In this paper, the authors develop a direct current control method for matrix converters. There are two objectives for the direct current control: the desired current has to be impressed into the load, and the current, drawn from the mains, should be in phase with the voltage and should be (nearly) sinusoidal. This implies active damping of the 400 Hz resonance or the line filter. The method is implemented on a DSP and tested on a 10 kVA matrix converter

2. 11.     D. Casadei, G. Serra, A. Tani, L. Zarri, "Matrix converter modulation strategies: a new general approach based on space-vector representation of the switch state," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 370-381, April 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : In this paper, a novel representation of the switch state of a three-phase to three-phase matrix converter is presented. This approach, based on space-vector notation, simplifies the study of the modulation strategies, leading to a complete general solution of the problem and providing a very useful unitary point of view. The already established strategies can be considered as particular cases of the proposed general solution. Using this approach, it can be verified that the space-vector modulation technique, owing to the intrinsic two degrees of freedom, represents the general solution of the modulation problem of matrix converters. This technique can be considered the best solution for the possibility to achieve the highest voltage transfer ratio and to optimize the switching pattern through a suitable use of the zero configurations

2. 12.     P.W. Wheeler, J.C. Clare, L. Empringharn, M. Bland, M. Apap, "Gate drive level intelligence and current sensing for matrix converter current commutation," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 382-389, April 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper is concerned with the process of current commutation in matrix converters. The mechanisms involved in the commutation process are described and practical waveforms are presented. A novel commutation strategy is described that uses gate drive level intelligence in the form of a field-programmable gate array. Current direction is determined using device voltages and, therefore, the measurement problems associated with all other commutation methods are overcome. Practical results from an 18-kW matrix converter induction motor drive are presented

2. 13.     E.P. Wiechmann, R.P. Burgos, J. Rodriguez, "Continuously motor-synchronized ride-through capability for matrix-converter adjustable-speed drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 390-400, April 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The ride-through capability of adjustable-speed drives has become an important issue due to its direct impact on production and revenue losses. Moreover, different industrial surveys have shown that voltage sags are the main cause of converter tripping. Disturbances such as swells, distortion, and impulses were found far less common and did not cause any tripping nor production losses. Matrix-converter (MC) drives are also prone to voltage sags, furthermore the lack of the DC-link capacitor renders them somehow more vulnerable. This paper presents a ride-through strategy for MC adjustable-speed drives. The strategy is based on the reduced speed/load approach for conventional drives and is capable of enforcing constant volts/hertz operation regardless of the supply voltage conditions by first regulating the modulation index of the matrix converter, which counteracts the supply voltage drop, and second by reducing the speed reference if required. This reduction seeks to maintain the maximum torque capability of the drive and not to reduce the motor load as in conventional drives. Hence, the proposed strategy is suitable for both variable and constant torque loads. Moreover, the converter never loses synchronization with the motor, so it is capable of immediate acceleration to its former speed after the disturbance disappears. The proposed strategy was experimentally verified under typical industry disturbances using a TMS320C32 DSP based system. Particularly, three-phase and single-phase sags varying from 10% to 60% were tested. Results obtained showed the effectiveness of the proposed strategy for MC adjustable-speed drives

2. 14.     O. Simon, J. Mahlein, M.N. Muenzer, M. Bruckmarm, "Modern solutions for industrial matrix-converter applications," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 401-406, April 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Thus far, matrix converter topology has not reached industrial use. Reasons for this have been complex control schemes, inefficient solutions for overvoltage protection, questionable robustness of the bi-directional switch commutation at disturbed supply voltages, and missing power semiconductor modules. Recent research results concerning these problems have led to innovative solutions and, from a technical point of view, industrial use seems to be reasonable now

2. 15.     J. Mahlein, J. Igney, J. Weigold, M. Braun, O. Simon, "Matrix converter commutation strategies with and without explicit input voltage sign measurement," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 407-414, April 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper gives an overview to voltage-controlled matrix converter commutation. Conventional converter systems with explicit sign measurement circuits that were necessary for the commutation in the past are discussed. New operation methods eliminating these extra measuring circuits are presented. The paper explains the new methods. Advantages and disadvantages of different approaches are discussed. The robustness of the new methods against disturbance is proved and measurements on a 5.5-kW matrix converter system are shown
 

Drive Control

Power Electronics

Signal Processing



2. 24.     R. Canals, A. Roussel, J.-L. Famechon, S. Treuillet, "A biprocessor-oriented vision-based target tracking system," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 500-506, April 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The design and realization of a vision-based target tracking system is proposed. The objective is to derive the orientation of a pan-tilt camera fitting a drone in order to track a target and to maintain its position in the middle of the image. Image data and drone attitude are the only information available for the camera control to be achieved correctly. This embedded system requires low-cost hardware for surveillance or attack drone applications: a digital signal processor for the image processing, and a microcontroller for the camera control. To ensure real-time video operation, an algorithmic solution integrating a successive-step and multi-block search method is implemented, thus allowing complex target displacements. The microcontroller uses this information to manage the camera orientation. Experiments have been conducted in real, conditions and acceptable target tracking results have been obtained on the prototype hardware

2. 25.     M. Kamiya, H. Ikeda, S. Shinohara, "Wavelength-division-multiplexed analog transmission through plastic optical fiber for use in factory communications," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 507-510, April 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A simple inexpensive analog transmission system is realized using a dual-channel-color LED assembly, a plastic optical fiber, a dual-channel-color sensor assembly, and a crosstalk elimination circuit. The transmission system, covering DC to 10 kHz, has a distortion factor of less than 2% and a crosstalk of less than -40 dB, and is suitable for use in factory communications

Volume 49,  Number 3, Jun. 2002           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page

Drive Control

3. 1.     M.C. Saaj, B. Bandyopadhyay, H. Unbehauen, "A new algorithm for discrete-time sliding-mode control using fast output sampling feedback," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 518-523, Jun. 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper presents a new approach for sliding-mode control (SMC) of discrete-time systems using the reaching law approach together with the fast output sampling (FOS) feedback technique. This method does not need the system states for feedback as it makes use of only the output samples for designing the controller. Thus, this methodology is more practical and easy to implement. A numerical example demonstrates the design technique. Simulation results show that the proposed FOS SMC technique produces the same results as obtained by state feedback SMC technique

3. 2.     Kyeong-Hwa Kim, Myung-Joong Youn, "A nonlinear speed control for a PM synchronous motor using a simple disturbance estimation technique," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 524-535, Jun. 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A nonlinear speed control for a permanent-magnet (PM) synchronous motor using a simple disturbance estimation technique is presented. By using a feedback linearization scheme, the nonlinear motor model can be linearized in the Brunovski canonical form, and the speed controller can be easily designed based on the linearized model. This technique, however, gives an undesirable output performance under the mismatch of the system parameters and load conditions. An adaptive linearization technique and a sliding-mode control technique have been reported. Although good performance can be obtained, the controller designs are quite complex. To overcome this drawback, the controller parameters are estimated by using a disturbance observer theory where the disturbance torque and flux linkage are estimated. Since only the two reduced-order observers are used for the parameter estimation, the observer designs are considerably simple and the computational load of the controller for parameter estimation is negligibly small. The nonlinear disturbances caused by the incomplete linearization can be effectively compensated by using this control scheme. Thus, a desired dynamic performance and a zero steady-state error can be obtained. The proposed control scheme is implemented on a PM synchronous motor using a digital signal processor (TMS320C31) and the effectiveness is verified through the comparative simulations and experiments

3. 3.     A.J. Chipperfield, B. Bica, P.J. Fleming, "Fuzzy scheduling control of a gas turbine aero-engine: a multiobjective approach," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 536-548, Jun. 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper investigates the use of a nonconventional approach to control a gas turbine aero-engine. The rationale behind this study is the need to develop advanced tools and techniques that can assist in improving the performance of the system and simultaneously enhance the flexibility of the control strategy. Modern techniques are required for many complex systems where increasingly strict performance and regulatory requirements must be achieved. This is particularly true of aerospace systems where consideration of safety, reliability, maintainability, and environmental impact are all necessary as part of the control requirements. This paper investigates a combination of two such potential techniques: fuzzy logic and evolutionary algorithms. Emerging from new requirements for gas turbine aero-engine control, a flexible gain scheduler is developed and analyzed. A hierarchical multiobjective genetic algorithm is employed to search and optimize the potential solutions for a wide envelope controller covering idle, cruise, and full-power conditions. The overall strategy is demonstrated to be a straightforward and feasible method of refining the control system performance and increasing its flexibility

3. 4.     Sangcheol Lee, Kwanghee Nam, "An overvoltage suppression scheme for AC motor drives using a half DC-link voltage level at each PWM transition," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 549-557, Jun. 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Passive filters are conventionally used to suppress overvoltage in the motor terminal, either by reducing the voltage rise rate at the inverter output, or by decreasing the motor terminal impedance. We propose an overvoltage suppression scheme that renders the use of passive filters unnecessary. This approach differs from general filter methods, in that it is independent,of dυ/dt and does not try to reduce dυ/dt. Our scheme utilizes the middle voltage level V_DC /2 at each pulsewidth modulation voltage transition, where V_DC represents the DC-link voltage. The duration of the middle voltage level is controlled in such a way that reflected voltages are cancelled out at the motor terminal. Optimal cancellation is achieved when the duration of V_DC/2 is equal to twice the transport delay of the cable. Further, if reflection coefficients at the motor terminal and the inverter output are equal to ±1, no overvoltage takes place. The proposed scheme requires the use of six auxiliary insulated gate bipolar transistor switches. Simulation as well as experimental results are presented here

3. 5.     Kuo-Kai Shyu, Chiu-Keng Lai, Yao-Wen Tsai, Ding-I Yang, "A newly robust controller design for the position control of permanent-magnet synchronous motor," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 558-565, Jun. 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A robust controller which is designed by employing variable-structure control and linear-quadratic method is presented for a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) position control system. It is to achieve accurate control performance in the presence of plant parameter variation and load disturbance. In addition, it possesses the design flexibility of the conventional state feedback control. It is applied to the position control of a PMSM. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed approach gives a better position response and is robust to parameter variations and load disturbance

3. 6.     Qing-Guo Wang, Yong Zhang, Xiao-Gang Huang, "Virtual feedforward control for asymptotic rejection of periodic disturbance," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 566-573, Jun. 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : In this paper, a novel, simple yet effective control scheme, called virtual feedforward control (VFC), is proposed for asymptotic disturbance rejection. The VFC control is an add-on function on top of normal feedback control, and it is activated when a periodic disturbance is found to be present in the system, based on output measurements and detection of output periodic behavior. It is shown that the proposed control can reject the periodic disturbances asymptotically under the perfect plant modeling. Furthermore, the closed-loop stability is not affected by the proposed control and, thus, there is no design tradeoff between disturbance rejection and stability. The robustness of the proposed control to model mismatch is analyzed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is sustained by simulation and comparison

3. 7.     A.M. Khambadkone, J. Holtz, "Compensated synchronous PI current controller in overmodulation range and six-step operation of space-vector-modulation-based vector-controlled drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 574-580, Jun. 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Overmodulation enhances the power utilization of the installed capacity of a voltage-source inverter. A space-vector strategy is used for constant-switching-frequency inverters. In order to achieve the overmodulation, a modified reference signal with nonuniform angular velocity is generated using a preprocessor. Such a reference wave produces low-frequency harmonics in currents. The presence of current harmonics restricts the bandwidth of the synchronous proportional plus integral current controller in the overmodulation range. A compensating current control is presented to allow for high-bandwidth current control in synchronous coordinates during overmodulation and six-step. The proposed scheme allows for an easy upgrade of a conventional vector control scheme to include overmodulation and, thus, reduce the design-to-market time

3. 8.     G. Garcera, A. Abellan, E. Figueres, "Sensitivity study of the control loops of DC-DC converters by means of robust parametric control theory," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 581-586, Jun. 2002.  Full Text Link

Abstract : Robust parametric control theory is a powerful tool for the research of linear control systems robustness against simultaneous changes in the parameters that define the plant and controller transfer functions. The purpose of this paper is to show how those techniques can be applied to the sensitivity study of DC-DC power converters control loops with respect to simultaneous variations of all the parameters defining the power stage: line voltage, load, and passive elements of the power stage


3. 9.     Chang-Ming Liaw, Wen-Chin Yu, Thin-Huo Chen, "Random vibration test control of inverter-fed electrodynamic shaker ," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 587-594, Jun. 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : The random vibration control of an inverter-fed electrodynamic shaker is presented in this paper. First, the dynamic model of the shaker is found and a current-controlled pulsewidth modulation inverter is designed and implemented. The feedback controller is augmented with a command feedforward controller and a disturbance feedforward controller to let the armature exciting current have low harmonic content and possess excellent waveform tracking performance. Then, an acceleration controller and its random vibration command are arranged. In the proposed acceleration control scheme, a command feedforward controller and a robust disturbance feedforward controller are also employed to let the shaker have close random acceleration command waveform tracking control performance, and the performance be insensitive to the system parameter variations. It follows that the acceleration control with desired frequency response in a vibration test could be achieved through properly setting the command signal. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is verified by simulation and measured results

3. 10.     Tsu-Hua Ai, Jiann-Fuh Chen, Tsorng-Juu Liang, "A random switching method for HPWM full-bridge inverter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 595-597, Jun. 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : To overcome the problem of unequal switching loss in power switches, in conventional hybrid pulse width modulation (HPWM) full-bridge inverters, a random switching method for HPWM full-bridge inverters is proposed. The proposed method equalizes switching losses of the four switches, while also providing good output performance

3. 11.     A. Fernandez, J. Sebastian, P.J. Villegas, M.M. Hernando, L. Alvarez Barcia, "Low-power flyback converter with synchronous rectification for a system with AC power distribution," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 598-606, Jun. 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : IEC 1000-3-2 regulations impose a reduced harmonic content on any converter with an input power higher than 75 W. However, if the power architecture of the system is based on small on-board converters, and the total power is higher than 75 W, IEC regulations must be fulfilled although each individual converter need not comply with the regulations. In this paper, one of the different possible solutions is presented. Each on-board converter has an active input current shaper (AICS) in order to reduce the input current harmonic content of each converter and, hence, to comply with IEC 1000-3-2 regulations. Moreover, two different types of AICSs were compared: the conventional one and a new type of AICS based on a full-wave rectifier

3. 12.     T.M. Wolbank, R. Wohrnschimmel, H. Hauser, "Transient simulation of lamination material properties in electrical machines," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 607-612, Jun. 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : All zero-speed-sensorless control schemes of electrical drives use a high-frequency excitation of the machine to determine local differences of the leakage inductances and to estimate the flux or the rotor position. One of these methods detects the local differences by evaluating the change of the stator current space phasor due to stator voltage test phasors. To get a deeper insight into the transient electric behavior of the machine, it is necessary to take into account also dynamic processes in the lamination material. To achieve this, a model has been developed to simulate the magnetization process in an induction motor fed by a voltage-source inverter. The proposed model calculates the current change due to voltage pulses taking into account the hysteresis as well as eddy currents. In order to limit the computation time, the model has to be kept simple. Measurements on an inverter-fed induction machine as well as on a stator lamination are presented. to verify the applicability of the model

3. 13.     C.K. Lee, S.Y. Ron Hui, Henry Shu-Hung Chung, "A 31-level cascade inverter for power applications," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 613-617, Jun. 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : Power inverter modules fed with separate DC voltage sources of voltage ratio 1:2:4:8 are connected to form a cascade multilevel inverter. This new proposal combines the advantages of the static phase-shifter and chain-cell converter concept. Using the same number of power devices as a standard nine-level inverter, the proposed converter operates as a high-power digital-to-analog converter with 31-level resolution. Electrolytic capacitors used in the proposed inverter for providing the DC voltage sources will never be connected in opposite polarity in all cases, thus ensuring high reliability. The proposal has the potential for uninterruptible power supply and flexible AC transmission applications

3. 14.     K.K. Tse, Henry Shu-Hung Chung, S.Y. Ron Hui, H.C. So, "A comparative study of carrier-frequency modulation techniques for conducted EMI suppression in PWM converters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 618-627, Jun. 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A rigorous mathematical analysis and a comparative study of carrier-frequency modulation (CFM) techniques for the conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) suppression in pulsewidth-modulated converters is presented. CFM techniques dither the switching period with a small amplitude variation around the nominal value, so that the harmonic power is redistributed over the spectrum of concern. Two types of dithering signals, including the periodic and random signals, are investigated in this paper. The operational characteristics as well as the input and output power spectra of the converters with the two modulating signals are compared. In particular, their characteristics in the low- and high-frequency harmonic power redistribution will be depicted. It is shown that random CFM (RCFM) gives a more effective way to disperse the harmonics around the switching frequency than the periodic CFM (PCFM) with the same frequency deviation. However, RCFM introduces higher low-frequency harmonics than the PCFM at the converter output. Furthermore, effects of the resolution filter bandwidth in the electromagnetic compatibility analyzer on conducted EMI measurement is discussed. The validity of the analyses is confirmed experimentally by using a dc/dc buck converter operating in continuous conduction mode

3. 15.     J.M. Quero, J.M. Carrasco, L.G. Franquelo, "Implementation of a neural controller for the series resonant converter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 628-639, Jun. 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A neural controller implementing an energy feedback control law is proposed as an alternative to classic control of resonant converters. The properties of the energy feedback control, and particularly the optimal trajectory control law, are analyzed. As a result, the state space is considered to be divided into two subspaces, that correspond to different states of the switches in the converter. An analog neural network learns to classify these two classes by means of a learning algorithm. A simple electronic implementation of this controller is proposed and applied to a series resonant converter (SRC). Results based on prototype measurements show a good improvement in the SRC response versus classical control methods based on the linearization of the state variable equations around a working point and confirm the validity of the neural approach

3. 16.     Jiabin Wang, Weiya Wang, G.W. Jewell, D. Howe, "A low-power, linear, permanent-magnet generator/energy storage system," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 640-648, Jun. 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : This paper describes the design, analysis and characterization of a linear permanent magnet generator and capacitive energy storage system for generating electrical power from a single stroke of a salient-pole armature. It is suitable for applications that require relatively low levels of electrical power, such as remote electronic locks. An electromagnetic analysis of the generator is described, and a design optimization methodology for the system is presented. Finally, the performance of a prototype is validated against measurements

3. 17.     Jeong-il Kang, Chung-Wook Roh, Gun-Woo Moon, Myung-Joong Youn, "Phase-shifted parallel-input/series-output dual converter for high-power step-up applications," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 649-652, Jun. 2002.  Full Text Link
Abstract : A new phase-shifted parallel-input/series-output dual converter is proposed. It features a low-output voltage ripple, a low rms current in the output capacitor, and a greatly reduced constant switch turn-off stress, whereby the efficiency is significantly improved. This converter is considered to be well suited to high-power step-up applications

3. 18.     Seok Ho Jeon, Kwang Kyo Oh, Jin Young Choi, "Flux observer with online tuning of stator and rotor resistances for induction motors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 653-664, Jun. 2002.  Full Text Link
Emerging Technology

Signal Processing


3. 23.     O. Vainio, S.J. Ovaska, "Harmonics-resistant adaptive algorithm for line-frequency signal processing," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 702-706, Jun. 2002.  Full Text Link
24.     Y. Fujimoto, T. Yakoh, K. Ohnishi, "Dynamic model of decentralized systems with informational connection," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 707-715, Jun. 2002.  Full Text Link

Letter to the Editor


3. 25.     K. Sundareswaran, M. Chandra, "Evolutionary approach for line current harmonic reduction in AC/DC converters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 716-719, Jun. 2002.  Full Text Link

Volume 49,  Number 4, Aug. 2002           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page

Drive Control
 

Power Electronics

Emerging Technology

Volume 49,  Number 5, Oct. 2002           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page