IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
54. 1. 1. M. P. Kazmierkowski, "Message From the
Outgoing Editor-in-Chief," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54,
no. 1, pp. 4-4, Feb. 2007. Abstract
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Abstract: Not Available
54. 1. 2. B. M. Wilamowski, "Message From the Incoming
Editor-in-Chief," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp.
5-6, Feb. 2007. Abstract
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Abstract: Not Available
54. 1. 3. M. P. Kazmierkowski, "Acknowledgment of
Reviewers," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 7-11,
Feb. 2007. Abstract
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Abstract: Lists, in alphabetical order, the
reviewers who contributed to the IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics in
2006.
SPECIAL SECTION PAPERS ON NEURAL NETWORK APPLICATIONS IN POWER ELECTRONICS AND MOTOR DRIVES
54. 1. 4. B. K. Bose, "Guest Editorial," IEEE Trans. on
Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 12-13, Feb. 2007. Abstract
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Abstract: The twenty-three papers in this special
section are devoted to neural network applications in power electronics and
motor drives. Some of the topics covered include: methodology development
application in power systems; general drive applications; induction motor
applications; synchronous motor applications; fault diagnosis of induction
machines; and hardware implementation of neural networks.
SPECIAL SECTION PAPERS
54. 1. 5. Bimal K. Bose, "Neural Network Applications
in Power Electronics and Motor Drives—An Introduction and Perspective,"
IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 14-33, Feb. 2007. Abstract
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Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques,
particularly the neural networks, are recently having significant impact on
power electronics and motor drives. Neural networks have created a new and
advancing frontier in power electronics, which is already a complex and
multidisciplinary technology that is going through dynamic evolution in the
recent years. This paper gives a comprehensive introduction and perspective of
neural network applications in the intelligent control and estimation for power
electronics and motor drives area. The principal topologies of neural networks
that are currently most relevant for applications in power electronics have
been reviewed including the detailed description of their properties. Both
feedforward and feedback or recurrent architectures have been covered in the
description. The application examples that are discussed in this paper include
nonlinear function generation, delayless filtering and waveform processing,
feedback signal processing of vector drive, space vector PWM of two-level and
multilevel inverters, adaptive flux vector estimation, and some of their
combination for vector-controlled ac drive. Additional selected applications in
the literature are included in the references. From the current trend of the
technology, it appears that neural networks will find widespread applications
in power electronics and motor drives in future
54. 1. 6. Hualiang Zhuang, Kay-Soon Low, Wei-Yun Yau,
"A Pulsed Neural Network With On-Chip Learning and Its Practical Applications,"
IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 34-42, Feb.
2007. Abstract
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Abstract: This paper proposes a new model for the
pulsed neural network. In this model, the information is coded in terms of
firing times of pulses that are generated by the neuron. The pulses transmit
through the network and excite the dynamics of the neuron. Their synchronism is
utilized to design the architecture of the neural network such that it acts as
a radial basis function (RBF) network. A new network-learning algorithm is also
developed for this pulsed RBF network. The RBF neurons are generated based on
the feature of the training data, and the synaptic delays can be adjusted to
distribute these RBF neurons in the training data space. The pulse neural
network has been implemented compactly with multiplierless approach for both
the forward computation and learning algorithm with a field programmable gate
array board. As an application demonstration, it is extended to a nonlinear
look-up table and applied to estimate the friction occurs in a precision linear
stage
54. 1. 7. Hsiung Cheng Lin, "Intelligent Neural
Network-Based Fast Power System Harmonic Detection," IEEE Trans. on Industrial
Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 43-52, Feb. 2007. Abstract
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Abstract: Nowadays, harmonic distortion in power
systems is attracting significant attention. Traditional technical tools for
harmonic distortion analysis using either fast Fourier transform or discrete
Fourier transform are, however, susceptible to the presence of noise in the
distorted signals. Harmonic detection by using Fourier transformation also
requires input data for more than one cycle of the current waveform and
requires time for the analysis in the next coming cycle. In this paper, an
alternative method using neural network algorithm has achieved satisfactory
results for fast and precise harmonic detection in noisy environments by
providing only 1/2 cycle sampled values of distorted waveforms to neural
network. Sensitivity considerations are conducted to determine the key factors
affecting the performance efficiency of the proposed model to reach the lowest
errors of testing patterns
54. 1. 8. Bhim Singh, Vishal Verma, Jitendra Solanki,
"Neural Network-Based Selective Compensation of Current Quality Problems in
Distribution System," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1,
pp. 53-60, Feb. 2007. Abstract
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Abstract: Active power filters (APFs) have been
used to compensate harmonics, reactive current, and negative sequence
fundamental frequency current drawn by nonlinear loads. The control of APF is
the core issue for their proper operation. The flexibility of selective
compensation embedded in the control scheme makes APF versatile for
compensation of reactive power, harmonic currents, and unbalance in source
currents and their combinations, depending upon the limited rating of voltage
source inverter employed as APF. The proposed scheme utilizes neural
network-based decomposition of the load current into positive and negative
sequence fundamental frequency component, reactive component and harmonic
components. The adaline-based current decomposer estimates the reference
currents through tracking of unit vectors together with tuning of the weights.
The implementation of the control scheme facilitates selective compensation
which respects the limited rating of the APF. The simulated results using
developed MATLAB model are presented and are validated by experimental results
to depict the effectiveness of the proposed control method of APF
54. 1. 9. Djaffar Ould Abdeslam, Patrice Wira, Jean
Merckle, Damien Flieller, Yves-Andr Chapuis, "A Unified Artificial Neural
Network Architecture for Active Power Filters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial
Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 61-76, Feb. 2007. Abstract
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Abstract: In this paper, an efficient and reliable
neural active power filter (APF) to estimate and compensate for harmonic
distortions from an AC line is proposed. The proposed filter is completely
based on Adaline neural networks which are organized in different independent
blocks. We introduce a neural method based on Adalines for the online
extraction of the voltage components to recover a balanced and equilibrated
voltage system, and three different methods for harmonic filtering. These three
methods efficiently separate the fundamental harmonic from the distortion
harmonics of the measured currents. According to either the Instantaneous Power
Theory or to the Fourier series analysis of the currents, each of these methods
are based on a specific decomposition. The original decomposition of the
currents or of the powers then allows defining the architecture and the inputs
of Adaline neural networks. Different learning schemes are then used to control
the inverter to inject elaborated reference currents in the power system.
Results obtained by simulation and their real-time validation in experiments
are presented to compare the compensation methods. By their learning
capabilities, artificial neural networks are able to take into account
time-varying parameters, and thus appreciably improve the performance of
traditional compensating methods. The effectiveness of the algorithms is
demonstrated in their application to harmonics compensation in power systems
54. 1. 10. Wei Qiao, Ronald G. Harley, "Indirect
Adaptive External Neuro-Control for a Series Capacitive Reactance Compensator
Based on a Voltage Source PWM Converter in Damping Power Oscillations,"
IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 77-85, Feb. 2007. Abstract
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Abstract: A series capacitive reactance
compensator (SCRC), using a voltage source converter to inject a controllable
voltage in quadrature with the line current of a power network, is capable of
rapidly providing a specified and controllable magnitude of capacitive
reactance compensation independent of the line current. Moreover, with a
suitably designed external controller, the SCRC can also be used to damp
low-frequency power oscillations in a power network. Conventionally, linear
control techniques are used to design the SCRC external controller around a
specific operating point, where the nonlinear system equations are linearized.
However, at other operating points its performance degrades. Nonlinear adaptive
neuro-controllers offer an attractive approach to overcome this degradation
problem. In this paper, an indirect adaptive external neuro-controller (INDAEC)
using two radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) is proposed to improve
the damping performance of an SCRC connected to a power network. This nonlinear
INDAEC needs no mathematical model of the SCRC or the power network. It
provides the SCRC with improved damping performance over a wide range of system
operating conditions. This is shown by results on a single machine infinite bus
power system, as well as a multimachine power system
54. 1. 11. Salman Mohagheghi, Yamille del Valle, Ganesh
Kumar Venayagamoorthy, Ronald G. Harley, "A Proportional-Integrator Type
Adaptive Critic Design-Based Neurocontroller for a Static Compensator in a
Multimachine Power System," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54,
no. 1, pp. 86-96, Feb. 2007. Abstract
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Abstract: A novel nonlinear optimal controller for
a static compensator (STATCOM) connected to a power system, using artificial
neural networks, is presented in this paper. The action dependent heuristic
dynamic programming, a member of the adaptive critic designs family is used for
the design of the STATCOM neurocontroller. This neurocontroller provides
optimal control based on reinforcement learning and approximate dynamic
programming. Using a proportional-integrator approach, the proposed
neurocontroller is capable of dealing with actual rather than deviation
signals. Simulation results are provided to show that the proposed controller
outperforms a conventional PI controller for a STATCOM in a small and large
multimachine power system during large-scale faults, as well as small
disturbances
54. 1. 12. Sudipta Chakraborty, Manoja D. Weiss, M.
Godoy Simoes, "Distributed Intelligent Energy Management System for a
Single-Phase High-Frequency AC Microgrid," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics,
vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 97-109, Feb. 2007. Abstract
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Abstract: In this paper, a single-phase
high-frequency AC (HFAC) microgrid is shown as a novel solution towards
integrating renewable energy sources in a distributed generation system. Better
utilization of the Microgrid is achieved by solving power flow and power
quality issues using p-q theory-based active filtering called universal active
power line conditioner and unified power quality conditioner, respectively. A
distributed intelligent energy management system (DIEMS) is implemented to
optimize operating costs. As the optimization greatly depends on the power
generation and the power output from renewable sources strongly depends on the
weather, the forecast of power generation is required for DIEMS. A Fuzzy ARTMAP
neural network is used to predict hourly day-type outputs based on which
generation can be forecasted. Depending on the forecast, an optimization scheme
is developed utilizing linear programming along with heuristics. The results
obtained show the successful implementation of HFAC Microgrid with adequate
power flow and power quality control, as well as the optimization of operation
cost by the DIEMS with Fuzzy ARTMAP-based day-type forecasting. The improvement
in the battery life is also achieved due to optimization of storage charge
states using the proposed DIEMS
54. 1. 13. J. F. Martins, P. J. Santos, A. J. Pires,
Luiz Eduardo Borges da Silva, R. Vilela Mendes, "Entropy-Based Choice of a
Neural Network Drive Model," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54,
no. 1, pp. 110-116, Feb. 2007. Abstract
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Abstract: The design of a neural network requires,
among other things, a proper choice of input variables, avoiding over fitting
and an unnecessarily complex input vector. This may be achieved by trying to
reduce the arbitrariness in the choice of the input layer. This paper discusses
the relation between the memory range of a particular controlled dynamical
system (induction drive) and the dimension of the neural network input vector.
Mathematical techniques of process-reconstruction of the underlying process,
using coding and block entropies to characterize the measure and memory range
were applied. These modeling techniques provide a precise knowledge of the
drive dynamics, a fundamental requirement in modern control approaches
54. 1. 14. Wen Li, Yoichi Hori, "Vibration Suppression
Using Single Neuron-Based PI Fuzzy Controller and Fractional-Order Disturbance
Observer," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp.
117-126, Feb. 2007. Abstract
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Abstract: An approach is proposed for vibration
suppression in a two-inertia system using an integration of a fractional-order
disturbance observer and a single neuron-based PI fuzzy controller. The former
is used to obtain disturbance estimate and generate compensation signal, and
the latter is utilized to realize outer loop control. Fractional-order
disturbance observer has a wider range to select a suitable tradeoff between
robustness and vibration suppression, because introduction of fractional
calculus makes universe of relative degree of Q-filter is expanded from integer
domain to real-number domain. For the single neuron-based PI fuzzy controller,
a single neuron makes up a PI controller and such a controller is embedded in
each cell of the fuzzy control table. Thus, the fuzzy control table is changed
into a controller matrix and it constructs a nonlinear adaptive controller with
parameter self-tuning property. Experimental results illustrate that the
integration of fractional-order disturbance observer and single neuron-based PI
fuzzy controller can improve the performance of disturbance attenuation and
system robustness
54. 1. 15. Maurizio Cirrincione, Marcello Pucci,
Giansalvo Cirrincione, Grard-Andr Capolino, "Sensorless Control of Induction
Machines by a New Neural Algorithm: The TLS EXIN Neuron," IEEE Trans. on
Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 127-149, Feb. 2007. Abstract
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Abstract: This paper proposes two speed observers
for high-performance induction machine drives, both adopting an online
adaptation law based on a new total least-squares (TLS) technique: the TLS EXIN
neuron. The first is a model reference adaptive system (MRAS) observer with a
neural adaptive integrator in the reference model and a neural adaptive model
trained online by the TLS EXIN neuron. This observer, presented in a previous
article of the authors, has been improved here in two aspects: first, the
neural adaptive integrator has been modified to make its learning factor vary
according to the reference speed of the drive, second, a neural adaptive model
based on the modified Euler integration has been proposed to solve the
discretization instability problem in field-weakening. The second observer is a
new full-order adaptive one based on the state equations of the induction
machine, where the speed is estimated by means of a TLS EXIN adaptation
technique. Both these observers have been provided with an inverter
nonlinearity compensation algorithm and with techniques for the online
estimation of the stator resistance of the machine. Moreover, a thorough
theoretical stability analysis has been developed for them both, with
particular reference to the field-weakening region behavior for the TLS MRAS
observer and to the regenerating mode at low speeds for the TLS adaptive
observer. Both speed observers have been verified in numerical simulation and
experimentally on a test setup, and have also been compared experimentally with
the BPN MRAS observer, the classic adaptive observer and with an open-loop
estimator. Results show that both proposed observers outperform all other three
observers in every working condition, with the TLS adaptive observer resulting
in a better performance than the TLS MRAS observer
54. 1. 16. Maurizio Cirrincione, Marcello Pucci,
Giansalvo Cirrincione, Grard-Andr Capolino, "Sensorless Control of Induction
Motors by Reduced Order Observer With MCA EXIN + Based Adaptive Speed
Estimation," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp.
150-166, Feb. 2007. Abstract
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Abstract: This paper presents a sensorless
technique for high-performance induction machine drives based on neural
networks. It proposes a reduced order speed observer where the speed is
estimated with a new generalized least-squares technique based on the minor
component analysis (MCA) EXIN + neuron. With this regard, the main original
aspects of this work are the development of two original choices of the gain
matrix of the observer, one of which guarantees the poles of the observer to be
fixed on one point of the negative real semi-axis in spite of rotor speed, and
the adoption of a completely new speed estimation law based on the MCA EXIN +
neuron. The methodology has been verified experimentally on a rotor flux
oriented vector controlled drive and has proven to work at very low operating
speed at no-load and rated load (down to 3 rad/s corresponding to 28.6 rpm), to
have good estimation accuracy both in speed transient and in steady-state and
to work correctly at zero-speed, at no-load, and at medium loads. A comparison
with the classic full-order adaptive observer under the same working conditions
has proven that the proposed observer exhibits a better performance in terms of
lowest working speed and zero-speed operation
54. 1. 17. Baburaj Karanayil, Muhammed Fazlur Rahman,
Colin Grantham, "Online Stator and Rotor Resistance Estimation Scheme Using
Artificial Neural Networks for Vector Controlled Speed Sensorless Induction
Motor Drive," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp.
167-176, Feb. 2007. Abstract
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Abstract: This paper presents a new method of
online estimation for the stator and rotor resistances of the induction motor
for speed sensorless indirect vector controlled drives, using artificial neural
networks. The error between the rotor flux linkages based on a neural network
model and a voltage model is back propagated to adjust the weights of the
neural network model for the rotor resistance estimation. For the stator
resistance estimation, the error between the measured stator current and the
estimated stator current using neural network is back propagated to adjust the
weights of the neural network. The rotor speed is synthesized from the
induction motor state equations. The performance of the stator and rotor
resistance estimators and torque and flux responses of the drive, together with
these estimators, are investigated with the help of simulations for variations
in the stator and rotor resistances from their nominal values. Both resistances
are estimated experimentally, using the proposed neural network in a vector
controlled induction motor drive. Data on tracking performances of these
estimators are presented. With this speed sensorless approach, the rotor
resistance estimation was made insensitive to the stator resistance variations
both in simulation and experiment. The accuracy of the estimated speed achieved
experimentally, without the speed sensor clearly demonstrates the reliable and
high-performance operation of the drive
54. 1. 18. Rong-Jong Wai, Chia-Chin Chu, "Robust Petri
Fuzzy-Neural-Network Control for Linear Induction Motor Drive," IEEE Trans. on
Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 177-189, Feb. 2007. Abstract
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Abstract: This study focuses on the development of
a robust Petri-fuzzy-neural-network (PFNN) control strategy applied to a linear
induction motor (LIM) drive for periodic motion. Based on the concept of the
nonlinear state feedback theory, a feedback linearization control (FLC) system
is first adopted in order to decouple the thrust force and the flux amplitude
of the LIM. However, particular system information is required in the FLC
system so that the corresponding control performance is influenced seriously by
system uncertainties. Hence, to increase the robustness of the LIM drive for
high-performance applications, a robust PFNN control system is investigated
based on the model-free control design to retain the decoupled control
characteristic of the FLC system. The adaptive tuning algorithms for network
parameters are derived in the sense of the Lyapunov stability theorem, such
that the stability of the control system can be guaranteed under the occurrence
of system uncertainties. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is
verified by both numerical simulations and experimental results, and the
salient merits are indicated in comparison with the FLC system
54. 1. 19. M. Nasir Uddin, M. Azizur Rahman,
"High-Speed Control of IPMSM Drives Using Improved Fuzzy Logic Algorithms,"
IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 190-199, Feb. 2007. Abstract
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Abstract: This paper presents an improved fuzzy
logic controller (FLC) for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM)
for high-performance industrial drive applications. In the proposed control
scheme for high-speed operations above the rated speed, the operating limits of
IPMSM are expanded by incorporating the maximum torque per ampere operation in
constant torque region and the flux-weakening operation in constant power
region. The power ratings of the motor and the inverter are considered in
developing the control algorithm. A new and simple FLC is utilized as a speed
controller. The FLC is developed to have less computational burden, which makes
it suitable for real-time implementation, particularly at high-speed operating
conditions. The complete drive is implemented in real-time using digital signal
processor (DSP) controller board DS 1102 on a laboratory 1-hp IPM motor. The
efficiency of the proposed control scheme is evaluated through both
experimental and computer simulation results. The proposed controller is found
to be robust for high-speed applications
54. 1. 20. Tomasz Pajchrowski, Krzysztof Zawirski,
"Application of Artificial Neural Network to Robust Speed Control of Servodrive,"
IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 200-207, Feb.
2007. Abstract
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Abstract: This paper deals with the problem of
robust speed control of electrical servodrives. A robust speed controller is
developed using an artificial neural network (ANN), which creates a nonlinear
characteristic of controller. An original method of neural controller synthesis
is presented. The synthesis procedure is performed in two stages. The first
stage consists in training the ANN and at the second stage controller settings
are adjusted. The use of the proposed controller synthesis procedure ensures
robust speed control against the variations of moment of inertia and stator
magnetic flux. Simulations and laboratory results validate the robustness of
the servodrive with permanent magnet synchronous motor
54. 1. 21. Xi-le Wei, Jiang Wang, Zhao-xuan Yang,
"Robust Smooth-Trajectory Control of Nonlinear Servo Systems Based on Neural
Networks," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp.
208-217, Feb. 2007. Abstract
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Abstract: The electromagnetic torque introduces
ripples into the electromechanical motion system due to nonlinearities, such as
uncertain changes of magnet field, load, and friction, which generate speed
oscillations and deteriorate the tracking performance of servo system.
Furthermore, the minimum time response and smooth trajectory tracking are
cruces in servo control. In this paper, an available method is proposed to
solve them by using neural networks (NNs) and a nonlinear smooth trajectory
filter (STF) for the robust smoothing feedforward control of a class of general
nonlinear systems. First, the online weight-tuning scheme based on Lyapunov
function can guarantee the boundedness of tracking error by good performance of
NNs modeling nonlinear functions. Second, a feedforward controller based on the
output of nonlinear STF is designed to guarantee minimum time response and
smooth trajectory tracking. Finally, as a example, the motion system can be
equivalent to the two-order system under the linear closed-loop current control
in view of the (d,q) mathematic model for PM synchronous motor, so that this
robust smoothing control method using neutral networks can be applied into
position servo control. Moreover, the validity and effectiveness of this
control method are verified through simulations and experiments
54. 1. 22. A. Rubaai, M.J. Castro-Sitiriche, M. Garuba,
L. Burge, "Implementation of Artificial Neural Network-Based Tracking
Controller for High-Performance Stepper Motor Drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial
Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 218-227, Feb. 2007. Abstract
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Abstract: Two distinct multilayer perception
neural networks (NNs) are implemented via laboratory experiment to
simultaneously identify and adaptively control the trajectory tracking of a
hybrid step motor assumed to operate in a high-performance drives environment.
That is, a neural network identifier (NNI) which captures the nonlinear
dynamics of the stepper motor drive system (SMDS) over any arbitrary time
interval in its range of operation, and a neural network controller (NNC) to
provide the necessary control actions as to achieve trajectory tracking of the
rotor speed. The exact form of the control law is unknown, and must be
estimated by the NNC. Consequently, the NNC is constructed as a nonlinear
unknown function depending on the current state of the drive system supplies by
the NNI and the reference trajectory we wish the outputs to follow. The two NNs
are online trained using dynamic back-propagation algorithm. The composite
structure is used as a speed controller for the SMDS. Performance of the
composite controller is evaluated through a laboratory experiment. Experimental
results show the effectiveness of this approach, and demonstrate the usefulness
of the proposed controller in high-performance drives
54. 1. 23. Teresa Orlowska-Kowalska, Krzysztof Szabat,
"Control of the Drive System With Stiff and Elastic Couplings Using Adaptive
Neuro-Fuzzy Approach," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1,
pp. 228-240, Feb. 2007. Abstract
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Abstract: In the paper a robust control system
with the fuzzy-neural network is proposed. A model reference adaptive control
system is applied to the one- and two-mass systems. Different aspects of
application of the examined control structure are discussed. The influence of
the number of neuro-fuzzy controller (NFC) rules to the drive system
performance is shown. The impact of the electromagnetic torque limit to the
adaptive structure stability is discussed. Further, the comparison of the
dynamical characteristics of the different NFC structures is done. The control
structure with constant and changeable parameters of the adaptive rule is also
examined. The torsional vibration suppression in the two-mass system is
obtained in the developed adaptive structure with only one basic feedback from
the motor speed
54. 1. 24. Hua Su, Kil To Chong, "Induction Machine
Condition Monitoring Using Neural Network Modeling," IEEE Trans. on Industrial
Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 241-249, Feb. 2007. Abstract
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Abstract: Condition monitoring is desirable for
increasing machinery availability, reducing consequential damage, and improving
operational efficiency. Model-based methods are efficient monitoring systems
for providing warning and predicting certain faults at early stages. However,
the conventional methods must work with explicit motor models, and cannot be
applied effectively for vibration signal diagnosis due to their nonadaptation
and the random nature of vibration signal. In this paper, an analytical
redundancy method using neural network modeling of the induction motor in
vibration spectra is proposed for machine fault detection and diagnosis. The
short-time Fourier transform is used to process the quasi-steady vibration
signals to continuous spectra for the neural network model training. The faults
are detected from changes in the expectation of vibration spectra modeling
error. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through
experimental results, and it is shown that a robust and automatic induction
machine condition monitoring system has been produced
54. 1. 25. Makarand S. Ballal, Zafar J. Khan, Hiralal
M. Suryawanshi, Ram L. Sonolikar, "Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System for
the Detection of Inter-Turn Insulation and Bearing Wear Faults in Induction
Motor," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 250-258,
Feb. 2007. Abstract
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Abstract: The positive features of neural networks
and fuzzy logic are combined together for the detection of stator inter-turn
insulation and bearing wear faults in single-phase induction motor. The
adaptive neural fuzzy inference systems (ANFISs) are developed for the
detection of these two faults. These faults are created experimentally on a
single-phase induction motor in the laboratory. The experimental data is
generated for the five measurable parameters, viz, motor intakes current,
speed, winding temperature, bearing temperature, and the noise of the machine.
Earlier, the ANFIS fault detectors are trained for the two input parameters,
i.e., speed and current, and the performance is tested. Later, the three
remaining parameters are added and the five input ANFIS fault detector is
trained and tested. It observed from the simulation results that the five input
parameter system predicts more accurate results
54. 1. 26. J.F. Martins, V.F. Pires, A.J. Pires,
"Unsupervised Neural-Network-Based Algorithm for an On-Line Diagnosis of
Three-Phase Induction Motor Stator Fault," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics,
vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 259-264, Feb. 2007. Abstract
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Abstract: In this paper, an automatic algorithm
based an unsupervised neural network for an on-line diagnostics of three-phase
induction motor stator fault is presented. This algorithm uses the alfa-beta
stator currents as input variables. Then, a fully automatic unsupervised method
is applied in which a Hebbian-based unsupervised neural network is used to
extract the principal components of the stator current data. These main
directions are used to decide where the fault occurs and a relationship between
the current components is calculated to verify the severity of the fault. One
of the characteristics of this method, given its unsupervised nature, is that
it does not need a prior identification of the system. The proposed methodology
has been experimentally tested on a 1kW induction motor. The obtained
experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method
54. 1. 27. Seul Jung, Sung su Kim, "Hardware
Implementation of a Real-Time Neural Network Controller With a DSP and an FPGA
for Nonlinear Systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no.
1, pp. 265-271, Feb. 2007. Abstract
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Abstract: In this paper, we implement the
intelligent neural network controller hardware with a field programmable gate
array (FPGA)-based general purpose chip and a digital signal processing (DSP)
board to solve nonlinear system control problems. The designed intelligent
control hardware can perform real-time control of the backpropagation learning
algorithm of a neural network. The basic proportional-integral-derivative (PID)
control algorithms are implemented in an FPGA chip and a neural network
controller is implemented in a DSP board. By using a high capacity of an FPGA
chip, the additional hardware such as an encoder counter and a pulsewidth
modulation (PWM) generator is implemented in a single FPGA chip. As a result,
the controller becomes cost effective. It was tested for controlling nonlinear
systems such as a robot finger and an inverted pendulum on a moving cart to
show performance of the controller
Drive Control
54. 1. 28. Murat Barut, Seta Bogosyan, Metin Gokasan,
"Speed-Sensorless Estimation for Induction Motors Using Extended Kalman
Filters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 272-280,
Feb. 2007. Abstract
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Abstract: In this paper, extended-Kalman-filter-based
estimation algorithms that could be used in combination with the speed-sensorless
field-oriented control and direct-torque control of induction motors (IMs) are
developed and implemented experimentally. The algorithms are designed aiming
minimum estimation error in both transient and steady state over a wide
velocity range, including very low and persistent zero-speed operation. A major
challenge at very low and zero speed is the lost coupling effect from the rotor
to the stator, which makes the information on rotor variables unobservable on
the stator side. As a solution to this problem, in this paper, the load torque
and the rotor angular velocity are simultaneously estimated, with the velocity
taken into consideration via the equation of motion and not as a constant
parameter, which is commonly the case in most past studies. The estimation of
load torque, on the other hand, is performed as a constant parameter to account
for Coulomb and viscous friction at steady state to improve the estimation
performance at very low and zero speed. The estimation algorithms developed
based on the rotor and stator fluxes are experimentally tested under
challenging variations and reversals of the velocity and load torque (step-type
and varying linearly with velocity) over a wide velocity range and at zero
speed. In all the scenarios, the current estimation error has remained within a
very narrow error band, also yielding acceptable velocity estimation errors,
which motivate the use of the developed estimation method in sensorless control
of IMs over a wide velocity range and persistent zero-speed operation
54. 1. 29. Rong-Jong Wai, Chia-Chin Chu, "Motion
Control of Linear Induction Motor via Petri Fuzzy Neural Network," IEEE Trans. on
Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 281-295, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
Text
Abstract: This paper focuses on the development of
a Petri-fuzzy-neural-network (PFNN) control for an indirect field-oriented
linear-induction-motor (LIM) drive. First, an indirect field-oriented mechanism
for a LIM drive is derived to preserve the decoupling control characteristic.
Then, the concept of a Petri net (PN) is incorporated into a traditional FNN (TFNN)
to form a new type of PFNN framework for alleviating the computation burden.
Moreover, the supervised gradient descent method is used to develop the online
training algorithm for the PFNN. In order to guarantee the convergence of
tracking error, analytical methods based on a discrete-type Lyapunov function
are proposed to determine the varied learning rates of the PFNN. With the
proposed PFNN control system, the mover position of the controlled LIM drive
possesses the advantages of good transient control performance and robustness
to uncertainties for the tracking of periodic reference trajectories. In
addition, the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is verified by both
numerical simulations and experimental results. Furthermore, the superiority of
the proposed PFNN control system is indicated in comparison with the TFNN
control system
54. 1. 30. Franck Betin, Arnaud Sivert, Amine Yazidi,
Grard-Andr Capolino, "Determination of Scaling Factors for Fuzzy Logic Control
Using the Sliding-Mode Approach: Application to Control of a DC Machine Drive,"
IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 296-309, Feb.
2007. Abstract
Link Full
Text
Abstract: In this paper, a new approach to define
the optimum values of the scaling factors for a fuzzy logic controller, based
on the sliding mode theory, has been proposed. Indeed, these factors are chosen
in such a way that the trajectory in the phase plane is always attracted by the
main diagonal of the fuzzy matrix and slides on this line. This approach was
first tested in simulation to control the position of a permanent-magnet
direct-current machine drive and then implemented on a low-cost 16-bit
microcontroller. Furthermore, the scaling factors are tuned in function of the
distance between the reference and the output in such a way as to cope with the
discretization of the lookup table stored in the memory of the microcontroller.
This algorithm has been successfully applied on an advanced test bed, which
allows mechanical configuration changes
Power Electronics
54. 1. 31. Sung-Sae Lee, Seong-Wook Choi, Gun-Woo Moon,
"High-Efficiency Active-Clamp Forward Converter With Transient Current Build-Up
(TCB) ZVS Technique," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1,
pp. 310-318, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
Text
Abstract: In this paper, an active-clamp forward
converter with transient current build-up zero-voltage switching (ZVS)
technique is proposed. The proposed converter is suitable for the low-voltage
and high-current applications. The structure of the proposed converter is the
same as that of the conventional active-clamp forward converter. However, since
it controls the secondary synchronous switch to build up the primary current
during the very short period of time, the ZVS operation is easily achieved
without any additional conduction losses of magnetizing current in the
transformer and clamp circuit. Furthermore, there are no additional circuits
required for the ZVS operation of power switches. Therefore, the proposed
converter can achieve the high efficiency and low electromagnetic-interference
noise resulting from the soft switching without any additional conduction
losses and shows the high power density resulting from the high efficiency and
no additional components added. The operational principle and design example
are presented. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed converter can
achieve an excellent ZVS performance throughout all load conditions and a
significant improvement in the efficiency for the 100-W (5 V, 20 A) prototype
converter
54. 1. 32. Ke Jin, Xinbo Ruan, Fuxin Liu, "An Improved
ZVS PWM Three-Level Converter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol.
54, no. 1, pp. 319-329, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
Text
Abstract: This paper proposes an improved
zero-voltage-switching pulse-width-modulation three-level converter (ZVS PWM TL
converter), which is improved from the original ZVS PWM TL converter just by
exchanging the position of the resonant inductor and the transformer, such that
the transformer is connected with the lagging switches. The improved converter
has several advantages over the original one, e.g., the clamping diodes conduct
only once in a switching period, and the resonant inductor current is smaller
in zero state, leading to a higher efficiency and reduced duty cycle loss. A
blocking capacitor is usually introduced to the primary side to prevent the
transformer from saturating, this paper analyzes the effects of the blocking
capacitor in different positions, and a best scheme is determined. A 2.5-kW
prototype converter verifies the effectiveness of the improved converter and
the best scheme for the blocking capacitor
54. 1. 33. Kyu Min Cho, Won Seok Oh, Young Tae Kim, Hee
Jun Kim, "A New Switching Strategy for Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Power
Converters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp.
330-337, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
Text
Abstract: This paper presents a new switching
strategy for pulse width modulation (PWM) power converters. Since the proposed
strategy uses independent on/off switching action of the upper or lower arm
according to the polarity of the current, the dead time is not needed except
instant of current polarity change. Therefore, it is not necessary to
compensate the dead time effect and the possibility of arm short is strongly
eliminated. The current control of PWM power converters can easily adopt the
proposed switching strategy by using the polarity information of the reference
current instead of the real current, thus eliminating the problems that
commonly arise from real current detection. In order to confirm the usefulness
of the proposed switching strategy, experimental tests were done using a
single-phase inverter with passive loads, a three-phase inverter for induction
motor drives, a three-phase ac/dc PWM converter, a three-phase active power
filter, and a class-D amplifier, the results of which are presented in this
paper
54. 1. 34. Li Peng, Yong Kang, Xuejun Pei, Jian Chen,
"A Novel PWM Technique in Digital Control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial
Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 338-346, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
Text
Abstract: One problem with microprocessor-based
high-frequency pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) converters is the modulating
resolution limitation caused by limited-time resolution of hardware timers. In
this paper, a novel PWM technique, the double PWM (DPWM), is proposed. DPWM
combines the advantages of low-frequency modulation and high-frequency
switching in power conversion and resolves the contradiction between high
frequency and accuracy in a digital control scheme. DPWM effectively increases
the resolution in digital control, while the harmonics introduced by this
method is found to be negligible. Theoretical analysis, characteristics, and
design considerations are given, and they are verified by experiments on a
5.5-kW 20-kHz insulated-gate-bipolar-transistor boost-buck converter
54. 1. 35. Brad Bryant, Marian K. Kazimierczuk,
"Voltage-Loop Power-Stage Transfer Functions With MOSFET Delay for Boost PWM
Converter Operating in CCM," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54,
no. 1, pp. 347-353, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
Text
Abstract: Open-loop transfer functions can be used
to create closed-loop models of pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) converters. The
closed-loop small-signal model can be used to design a controller for the
switching converter with well-known linear control theory. The dynamics of the
power stage for boost PWM dc-dc converter operating in continuous-conduction
mode (CCM) are studied. The transfer functions from output current to output
voltage, from duty cycle to output voltage including MOSFET delay, and from
input voltage to output voltage are derived. The derivations are performed
using an averaged linear circuit small-signal model of the boost converter for
CCM. Experimental Bode plots and step responses were used to test the accuracy
of the derived transfer functions. The theoretical and experimental responses
were in excellent agreement, confirming the validity of the derived transfer
functions
54. 1. 36. Rong-Jong Wai, Chung-You Lin, Rou-Yong Duan,
Yung-Ruei Chang, "High-Efficiency DC-DC Converter With High Voltage Gain and
Reduced Switch Stress," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no.
1, pp. 354-364, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
Text
Abstract: In this paper, a high-efficiency dc-dc
converter with high voltage gain and reduced switch stress is proposed.
Generally speaking, the utilization of a coupled inductor is useful for raising
the step-up ratio of the conventional boost converter. However, the switch
surge voltage may be caused by the leakage inductor so that it will result in
the requirement of high-voltage-rated devices. In the proposed topology, a
three-winding coupled inductor is used for providing a high voltage gain
without extreme switch duty-cycle and enhancing the utility rate of magnetic
core. Moreover, the energy in the leakage inductor is released directly to the
output terminal for avoiding the phenomenon of circulating current and the
production of switch surge voltage. In addition, the delay time formed with the
cross of primary and secondary currents of the coupled inductor is manipulated
to alleviate the reverse-recovery current of the output diode. It can achieve
the aim of high-efficiency power conversion. Furthermore, the closed-loop
control methodology is utilized in the proposed scheme to overcome the voltage
drift problem of the power source under the variation of loads. Some
experimental results via an example of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell
power source with 250-W nominal rating are given to demonstrate the
effectiveness of the proposed power conversion strategy
54. 1. 37. Chang-Gyun Kim, Kyu-Chan Lee, Bo H. Cho,
"Analysis of Current Distribution in Driving Multiple Cold Cathode Fluorescent
Lamps (CCFL)," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp.
365-373, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
Text
Abstract: Cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs)
show complex characteristics, which make it difficult to drive them in
parallel. In this paper, a backlight inverter, which can drive multiple CCFLs
using single controller and single switching network, is presented. The
analysis of the lamp current distribution is presented in detail. The
current-balancing condition, under which the lamp currents are well balanced in
the presence of the lamp voltage variation, is derived. The effect of the
resonant component variation is also investigated. The analysis results are
verified from experiments with two 720-mm/4-mm CCFLs for 32-in liquid crystal
display televisions. Experimental results with eight CCFLs are also presented
in the presence of the lamp voltage and the resonant component deviation
54. 1. 38. Nobuyoshi Mutoh, Takayoshi Inoue, "A Control
Method to Charge Series-Connected Ultraelectric Double-Layer Capacitors
Suitable for Photovoltaic Generation Systems Combining MPPT Control Method,"
IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 374-383, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
Text
Abstract: A control method is described to charge
series-connected ultraelectric double-layer capacitors (ultra-EDLCs) suitable
for photovoltaic generation systems in combination with a maximum power point
tracking (MPPT) control method. The EDLC charge control method allows the
maximum power acquired by the MPPT control to be quickly charged into
series-connected ultra-EDLCs no matter how the weather conditions may change.
In the MPPT control, the output current of the solar arrays is controlled so
that the output power converges on the maximum power in the prediction line
previously determined based on the linearity between the maximum output power
and the optimization current. The proportionality coefficient of the prediction
line is automatically corrected using the hill-climbing method when the panel
temperature of the solar arrays is changed. The EDLC charge control is
performed with the three charge modes, i.e., the constant current charge mode,
constant power charge mode, and the constant voltage charge mode while
supervising the maximum voltage and allowable temperature of each
series-connected EDLC. Effectiveness of the methods is verified by simulations
and experiments
54. 1. 39. Antonio Lazaro, Andrs Barrado, Marina Sanz,
Vicente Salas, Emilio Olias, "New Power Factor Correction AC-DC Converter With
Reduced Storage Capacitor Voltage," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics,
vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 384-397, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
Text
Abstract: Most of single-stage power factor
correction (PFC) ac-dc converters usually present a high voltage swing on the
storage capacitor. That means, high size and cost of the storage capacitor is
obtained. The Series Inductance Interval (SII) PFC converters allow reducing
cost and size of the storage capacitor since the capacitor voltage is lower
than the output voltage and, therefore, the voltage swing is significantly
reduced. In this paper, the novel single-stage SII-B-2D PFC converter is
presented. In addition, this topology provides input current harmonics under
EN61000-3-2 Class D limits and advantageous component count
54. 1. 40. Liang-Rui Chen, "A Design of an Optimal
Battery Pulse Charge System by Frequency-Varied Technique," IEEE Trans. on
Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 398-405, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
Text
Abstract: In this paper, a variable frequency
pulse charge system (VFPCS), that can detect and dynamically track the optimal
charge frequency, is proposed to improve the battery-charge response. To assess
the system performance, a prototype of the VFPCS for 600-mAh lithium-ion
battery is designed and implemented. Compared with the standard
constant-current and constant-voltage charge system, the charge speed of the
proposed VFPCS is improved above 24%, while the proposed VFPCS is improved
above 10% compared with the conventional fixed-frequency pulse charge system.
The results indicate that the VFPCS can actually provide pulse with optimal
frequency to charge the battery and the charge response is improved
54. 1. 41. Martin Aime, Guillaume Gateau, Thierry A.
Meynard, "Implementation of a Peak-Current-Control Algorithm Within a
Field-Programmable Gate Array," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol.
54, no. 1, pp. 406-418, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
Text
Abstract: Peak current control is a strategy
widely used to control power electronic systems such as forward converters or
two-level choppers. This strategy is characterized by constant switching
frequency with good dynamic performance. This paper presents the application of
this strategy to a multilevel voltage-source converter. The algorithm ensures
that the converter output current follows the target reference, but it must be
modified to include voltage-level selection within the multilevel converter.
The principle of operation is introduced, and the implementation of the
algorithm using a field-programmable gate array is demonstrated. Simulation and
experimental results are presented to verify the control technique
54. 1. 42. Xiyou Chen, Dianguo Xu, Fengchun Liu,
Jianqiu Zhang, "A Novel Inverter-Output Passive Filter for Reducing Both
Differential- and Common-Mode
Abstract: A novel inverter-output filter, which
cannot only filter the differential-mode voltage dv/dt but also suppress the
common-mode voltage dv/dt and their rms values, is proposed in this paper. The
filter is in combination with a conventional RLC filter and a common-mode
transformer. The main advantage is that the functions of filtering a
differential-mode voltage and suppressing a common-mode voltage can be
integrated into a single system. Furthermore, the structure and design of the
proposed filter are rather simple because only passive components are used.
Simulations and experiments are conducted to validate the performance of the
proposed filter. Both of their results indicate that about 80% of the rms value
of the common-mode voltage are suppressed, while the demand of
differential-mode voltage filtering is still met
54. 1. 43. Saad Mekhilef, Ahmad Maliki Omar, Nasrudin
Abd Rahim, "Modeling of Three-Phase Uniform Symmetrical Sampling Digital PWM
for Power Converter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1,
pp. 427-432, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
Text
Abstract: A mathematical approach of modeling and
analyzing three-phase pulsewidth modulation (PWM) is presented. The three-phase
flyback converter required a unique pattern of PWM to optimize the power
transfer in the magnetic circuit used in the converter. The three-phase PWM is
generated digitally based on uniform symmetrical sampling technique using
Xilinx chip. The generated PWM pattern is able to reduce the magnitude of the
low order of harmonic components present in the input ac supply. Although
software simulation could simulate the PWM pattern, it does not represent the
exact pattern as being generated digitally. The mathematical approach used is
to model the PWM pattern exactly as being created digitally. The proposed
mathematical technique could also be used to analyze any digital PWM. The
result of the mathematical analysis on the PWM pattern could be used to study
the characteristics of the pattern such as maximum and minimum value of duty
cycle, pulsewidth, turn-on time, turn-off time, and modulation index. To verify
the validity of the proposed technique, the results obtained from the
mathematical model, experimental, and simulation using PSpice were compared
54. 1. 44. Shigenori Inoue, Toshihisa Shimizu, Keiji
Wada, "Control Methods and Compensation Characteristics of a Series Active
Filter for a Neutral Conductor," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol.
54, no. 1, pp. 433-440, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
Text
Abstract: Due to the advance of information
technologies, a large number of electronic products such as personal computers
have been connected to power distribution systems in commercial buildings.
Hence, voltage distortion on utility outlets and excessive neutral current on
distribution lines have arisen and lead to a number of serious problems in the
distribution system. Two control methods and the related compensation
characteristics of a series active filter connected to the neutral conductor
are presented in this paper. The distinct functions of the proposed active
filter are the mitigation of the third-harmonic voltage and the neutral current
in a three-phase four-wire distribution system in a building. The required
power of the proposed active filter is less than 10% of that of the
harmonic-producing loads. A control method of the dc capacitor voltage on the
active filter circuit is also described. It is clarified through experiments
that one of the two functions of the active filter can be realized selectively
and the dc capacitor voltage of the active filter can be regulated to a desired
value
54. 1. 45. Franois Forest, Sbastien Faucher, Jean-Yves
Gaspard, Didier Montloup, Jean-Jacques Huselstein, Charles Joubert,
"Frequency-Synchronized Resonant Converters for the Supply of Multiwinding
Coils in Induction Cooking Appliances," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics,
vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 441-452, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
Text
Abstract: The induction heating principle has been
successfully introduced for about 20 years in domestic cooking appliances. The
technical developments now concern the improvement of the current appliances
and the introduction of new functions. So, one tendency is the design of
multiwinding induction coils that are very adaptive concerning the shape and
the power capability. This paper describes different original converter
topologies designed to supply multiwinding coils, and, in addition, multicoil
systems. The proposed topologies are based on particular use and associations
of zero-voltage switching series-resonant converters. They are all
characterized by a frequency-synchronized operating mode, in order to prevent
any acoustic harm that could result from beating frequency-interferences
54. 1. 46. eljko V. Despotovic, Zoran Stojiljkovic,
"Power Converter Control Circuits for Two-Mass Vibratory Conveying System With
Electromagnetic Drive: Simulations and Experimental Results," IEEE Trans. on
Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 453-466, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
Text
Abstract: A mathematical model of two-mass
vibratory conveying system with electromagnetic vibratory actuator (EVA) and
possible ways of their optimal control by using power converter is presented in
this paper. Vibratory conveyors are commonly used in industry to carry a wide
variety of particulate and granular materials. Application of electromagnetic
vibratory drive combined with power converters provides flexibility during
work. The use of a silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) implies a phase angle
control, which is very easy, but with many disadvantages (fixed frequency which
is imposed by ac mains supply, poor power factor, mechanical retuning, etc.).
Switching converters overcomes these disadvantages. Only then, driving for EVA
does not depend on mains frequency. As well as amplitude and duration of
excitation force tuning, it is also possible to tune its frequency.
Consequently, complicated mechanical tuning is eliminated and seeking resonant
frequency is provided. Previously mentioned facts motivated phase angle control
and switch mode control behavior research for electromagnetic vibratory drives.
Simulation and experimental results and their comparisons are exposed in this
paper. The simulation model and results are given in the program package PSPICE.
Experimental results are recorded on implemented control systems for SCR and
transistor power converters. Partial results concerning the resonant frequency
seeking process with transistor converter are also exposed
54. 1. 47. Jong-Jae Lee, Bong-Hwan Kwon, "DC–DC
Converter Using a Multiple-Coupled Inductor for Low Output Voltages," Trans.
on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 467-478, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
Text
Abstract: A new multiple-coupled inductor (MCI) is
proposed for good cross regulation among low output voltages, high power
density, and reduced converter volume. Moreover, a current doubler rectifier
and a self-driven synchronous rectifier are presented to achieve high
efficiency. The structure of the MCI is composed of four windings on a common
core, and has the properties of a current doubler and good cross regulation. A
dc-dc half-bridge converter using the proposed MCI is analyzed and designed for
40-W low output voltages (3.3, 4.5 V). This converter is very suitable for high
current and low voltage applications. It is shown via experimental results that
efficiency of over 90% and cross regulation of about 5% are achieved
54. 1. 48. Pan Qijun, Ma Weiming, Liu Dezhi, Zhao
Zhihua, Meng Jin, "A New Critical Formula and Mathematical Model of Double-Tap
Interphase Reactor in a Six-Phase Tap-Changer Diode Rectifier," IEEE Trans. on
Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 479-485, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
Text
Abstract: This paper presents a new practical
formula to calculate the critical value of interphase reactor (IPR) in a
six-phase diode rectifier with tap-changer. In addition, a mathematical model
of the double-tap IPR has been established by equivalent circuit method.
Simulation and experimental results verify the validity of the formula and
mathematical model. On the basis of the above achievements, a simple and
effective approach is provided to design the IPR and to analyze the performance
of the whole system
54. 1. 49. Abdul Rahiman Beig, G. Narayanan, V. T.
Ranganathan, "Modified SVPWM Algorithm for Three Level VSI With Synchronized
and Symmetrical Waveforms," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54,
no. 1, pp. 486-494, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
Text
Abstract: The objective of the present work is to
improve the output waveform of three level inverters used in high-power
applications, where the switching frequency is very low. This is achieved by
maintaining the synchronization, half-wave symmetry, quarter-wave symmetry, and
three-phase symmetry in the pulsewidth modulation (PWM) waveforms. The
principles of achieving synchronization and symmetries in terms of space
vectors for three level inverters are presented. A novel synchronized space
vector pulsewidth modulation (SVPWM) algorithms is proposed and verified
experimentally. The experimental waveforms of the inverter output voltage and
motor no load current for different operating conditions of the drive are
presented. The performance measure in terms of the weighted total harmonic
distortion (THD) of the line voltage is computed for the linear modulation
region of the drive for the proposed algorithm and compared with that of
synchronized SVPWM and synchronized sine-triangle pulsewidth modulation (SPWM)
technique. The comparative results show that consideration of synchronization
and symmetry results in improved THD. Another significant feature of the
proposed algorithm is that the symmetry and synchronization leads to
self-balancing of the direct current (dc) bus capacitor voltages over every one
third cycle of the fundamental
54. 1. 50. Jos Rodriguez, Jorge
Pontt, Csar A. Silva, Pablo Correa, Pablo Lezana, Patricio Cortes, Ulrich
Ammann, "Predictive Current Control of a Voltage Source Inverter," IEEE Trans. on
Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 495-503, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
Text
Abstract: This paper presents a predictive current
control method and its application to a voltage source inverter. The method
uses a discrete-time model of the system to predict the future value of the
load current for all possible voltage vectors generated by the inverter. The
voltage vector which minimizes a quality function is selected. The quality
function used in this work evaluates the current error at the next sampling
time. The performance of the proposed predictive control method is compared
with hysteresis and pulsewidth modulation control. The results show that the
predictive method controls very effectively the load current and performs very
well compared with the classical solutions
54. 1. 51. G. Escobar, A. A. Valdez, J. Leyva-Ramos, P.
Mattavelli, "Repetitive-Based Controller for a UPS Inverter to Compensate
Unbalance and Harmonic Distortion," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics,
vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 504-510, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
Text
Abstract: This paper discusses a repetitive-based
controller for an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) inverter. It is shown that
a bank of resonant filters, used as a refinement term for harmonic compensation
in earlier works, is equivalent to a repetitive scheme with a particular
structure. The latter is implemented using a simple feedback array with a delay
line, thus making the implementation relatively easy. More precisely, the
repetitive scheme takes a negative feedback structure plus a feedforward path
whenever the odd harmonics are considered for compensation only. The repetitive
scheme, equivalent to the bank of resonant filters, acts as a refinement term
to reject the harmonic distortion caused by the unbalanced and distorted load
current, and thus, allowing the UPS inverter to deliver an almost pure
sinusoidal balanced voltage. Experimental results in a 1.5 KVA three-phase
inverter are included to show the performance of the proposed controller
Robotics and Vision
54. 1. 52. Lrinc Marton, Bla Lantos, "Modeling,
Identification, and Compensation of Stick-Slip Friction," IEEE Trans. on
Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 511-521, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
Text
Abstract: The paper presents a novel approach for
stick-slip friction modeling. The adaptive friction compensator, which uses
this modified model guarantees the convergence of the tracking error to a small
residual set and at the same time the algorithm can easily be implemented on
standard industrial controller architectures. The model clearly distinguishes
the low and the high-velocity regimes. Accordingly, at low velocities the
adaptive laws in the friction compensator tune only the parameters which
characterizes the low-speed friction behavior (Striebeck friction) and at the
high-speed regime the adaptive laws modify only the parameters which
characterize the high-speed friction behavior (Coulomb and viscous friction
terms). An off-line identification method for the friction model parameters is
also presented. Experimental results are provided to show the performances of
the proposed friction modeling and compensation method
54. 1. 53. Mohammad S. Alam, Abdullah Bal, "Improved
Multiple Target Tracking via Global Motion Compensation and Optoelectronic
Correlation," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp.
522-529, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
Text
Abstract: Camera motion estimation in image
sequences generally focuses on the recovery of the frames when the camera is
mounted on a moving platform. Global motion in video sequences is more complex
and involves camera operation, camera motion, and other nontarget motions.
Global motion compensation is usually handled by compensating the dominant
motion using estimation and segmentation techniques. To enhance tracker
performance and accuracy, frame recovery operation plays a crucial role by
estimating undesired motion. In this paper, a normalized correlation-based
regional template-matching (TM) algorithm has been developed to accurately
recover frames before the application of the tracking algorithm. Then, a robust
multiple-target-tracking system has been developed using a combination of
fringe-adjusted joint transform correlator and TM techniques. Joint transform
correlation detects a target optoelectronically, while TM technique is
performed digitally. To increase the tracking system speed and decrease the
effects of clutter, a subframe segmentation and local deviation-based
image-preprocessing algorithm has been proposed. The improved performance of
multiple-target-tracking system is tested using real-life forward-looking
infrared (IR) imagery video sequences obtained from IR sensors mounted on an
airborne platform
54. 1. 54. Seiichiro Katsura, Yuichi Matsumoto, Kouhei
Ohnishi, "Modeling of Force Sensing and Validation of Disturbance Observer for
Force Control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp.
530-538, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
Text
Abstract: Controlling robots in contact with the
environment is an important problem in industry applications. Generally, a
force sensor is used for sensing the external force. It is well known that
information of a force sensor has much noise. Furthermore, unstable state is
also caused by the narrow bandwidth of force information by a force sensor.
This paper shows that stable contact with the environment is difficult when a
force sensor is used because of its soft mechanical structure and narrow
bandwidth of force sensing. In order to solve the instability of force control,
the disturbance observer is implemented instead of the force sensor. The
disturbance observer can observe the external force without force sensors. When
the disturbance observer is implemented in a robot, a force control system does
not include a soft mechanism between a robot and the environment. Since a robot
can detect the environmental information directly, a wide bandwidth of force
sensing is attained. In this way, this paper solves the problems of force
control by considering the force sensing method without changing the control
architecture, and the ability of force control is improved. Experimental
results show viability of the proposed method
54. 1. 55. Seiichiro Katsura, Kouhei Ohnishi, "Force
Servoing by Flexible Manipulator Based on Resonance Ratio Control," Trans.
on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 539-547, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
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Abstract: This paper presents a force servoing
method to suppress torsional vibration of two-mass resonant system. The
resonance ratio control is one of the effective control methods of two-mass
resonant system. In this method, the ratio between the resonant frequency of
motor and arm is determined arbitrary according to the feedback of estimated
reaction torque. The reaction torque is estimated by using a position sensitive
detector (PSD). Since the estimation method does not need the parameter
identification, the torsion information is obtained with accuracy. To attain
the affinity and adaptability to environment, motion systems should control the
reaction torque from the environment. In the force servoing system, the force
command is given as a disturbance of the arm portion. The arm disturbance is
observed by the arm disturbance observer without force sensors. The proposed
force servoing system is based on both the conventional PD control and the
resonance ratio control, and the determination method of pole placement is
discussed. The proposed force servoing system can realize both the suppression
of the inner torsional reaction torque and the adaptation to unknown outer
force inputs. The numerical and experimental results show the viability of the
proposed method
54. 1. 56. Hongtao Du, Hairong Qi, Xiaoling Wang,
"Comparative Study of VLSI Solutions to Independent Component Analysis,"
IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 548-558, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
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Abstract: The advent of independent component
analysis (ICA) has brought a paradigm shift to signal and image processing. ICA
that extracts independent source signals by searching for a linear or nonlinear
transformation and minimizing the statistical dependence between components has
the promise of effective unsupervised signal separation capability. Due to the
computation complexity of ICA and commonly high-volume data sets used in signal
and image processing, the ICA process, however, is very time-consuming. Very
large scale integration (VLSI) solutions with optimal parallelism provide
potentially faster and even real-time implementations for ICA algorithms. In
this paper, the authors study these solutions and discuss their limits.
Critical challenges are identified, and issues associated with the VLSI
implementation of ICA algorithms are designed. Design recommendations that have
potentials in performing complicated ICA algorithms on large throughput are
provided
54. 1. 57. Rahul Dubey, Pramod Agarwal, M. K. Vasantha,
"Programmable Logic Devices for Motion Control—A Review," IEEE Trans. on
Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 559-566, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
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Abstract: Programmable logic devices (PLDs) are
increasing their presence in power electronics and motion control applications.
With rising gate densities of PLDs, larger functionality is being incorporated.
This paper looks at certain areas of motion control that are making use of PLD
for faster control and in taking the processing load off the system
microprocessor
54. 1. 58. Gerardo Escobar, P. R. Martinez, J. Leyva-Ramos,
"Analog Circuits to Implement Repetitive Controllers With Feedforward for
Harmonic Compensation," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no.
1, pp. 567-573, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
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Abstract: A feedforward modification for both
positive- and negative-feedback schemes of repetitive control is described. It
was shown that repetitive controllers can be a useful tool for tracking of
periodic reference signals and compensation of periodic disturbances, in other
words, for harmonic compensation. It was shown that the feedforward
modification considerably improves the frequency response and performance,
providing higher gains with enhanced selectivity. Simple analog circuits are
presented to implement both positive- and negative-feedback repetitive schemes.
A description of the circuits and their corresponding experimental frequency
responses are also given
Emerging Technology
54. 1. 59. Chih-Lyang Hwang, Li-Jui Chang, Yuan-Sheng
Yu, "Network-Based Fuzzy Decentralized Sliding-Mode Control for Car-Like Mobile
Robots," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 574-585,
Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
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Abstract: In this paper, the trajectory tracking
of a car-like mobile robot (CLMR) using network-based fuzzy decentralized
sliding-mode control (NBFDSMC) is developed. The scaling factors and the
coefficients of the sliding surface for the control of the steering angle and
forward-backward velocity of a CLMR are adopted by that for the control of two
motors. Due to the delay transmission of a signal through an Internet and
wireless module, a revision of fuzzy decentralized sliding-mode control (FDSMC)
with suitable sampling time (i.e., NBFDSMC) is accomplished by the
quality-of-service (QoS). The proposed control can track a reference trajectory
without the requirement of a mathematical model. Only the information of the
upper bound of system knowledge (including the dynamics of the CLMR, the delay
feature of Internet network, and wireless module) is required to select the
suitable scaling factors and coefficients of sliding surface such that an
excellent performance is obtained. In addition, the stability of the
closed-loop system in the presence of time-varying delay is addressed. Finally,
a sequence of experiments including the control of unloaded CLMR and the
trajectory tracking of CLMR is carried out to consolidate the usefulness of the
proposed control system
54. 1. 60. Rong-Jong Wai, "Fuzzy Sliding-Mode Control
Using Adaptive Tuning Technique," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol.
54, no. 1, pp. 586-594, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
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Abstract: This study mainly deals with the key
problem of chattering phenomena on the conventional sliding-mode control (SMC)
and investigates an adaptive fuzzy sliding-mode control (AFSMC) system for an
indirect field-oriented induction motor (IM) drive to track periodic commands.
First, an indirect field-orientation method for an IM drive is introduced
briefly. Moreover, a fuzzy logic inference mechanism is utilized for
implementing a fuzzy hitting control law to remove completely the chattering
phenomena on the conventional SMC. In addition, to confront the uncertainties
existed in practical applications, an adaptive algorithm, which is derived in
the sense of Lyapunov stability theorem, is utilized to adjust the fuzzy
parameter for further assuring robust and optimal control performance. The
indirect field-oriented IM drive with the AFSMC scheme possesses the salient
advantages of simple control framework, free from chattering, stable tracking
control performance, and robust to uncertainties. Furthermore, numerical
simulation and experimental results due to periodic sinusoidal commands are
provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, and its
advantages are indicated in comparison with the conventional SMC system and the
SMC system with a boundary layer
54. 1. 61. Mestan Tekin, Daniel Hissel, Marie-Ccile
Pera, Jean Marie Kauffmann, "Energy-Management Strategy for Embedded Fuel-Cell
Systems Using Fuzzy Logic," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54,
no. 1, pp. 595-603, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
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Abstract: This paper presents a fuzzy-logic
approach to the energy management of an embedded fuel-cell system. The main
objective is to study one of the most technological bolts to be overcome for
embedded fuel-cell systems: Their energy optimization. To reach this aim,
experimentally validated models of a low-power 5-kW proton-exchange-membrane
fuel cell and its most power-hungry ancillary (the fuel-cell air-supply system)
are described. All simulation results have been performed using Matlab/Simulink
environment. Two fuzzy controllers will be proposed for both the internal
air-supply control loop and for the whole-embedded energy-management strategy
54. 1. 62. Kyung-Jin Choi, Young-Hyun Lee, Jong-Woo
Moon, Chong-Kug Park, Fumio Harashima, "Development of an Automatic Stencil
Inspection System Using Modified Hough Transform and Fuzzy Logic," IEEE Trans. on
Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 604-611, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
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Abstract: In this paper, the authors present a
system to inspect metal stencil that is used to print solder paste on pads of
surface-mounted device on printed circuit board. The developed inspection
system is composed of a moderately precise X-Y robot and a vision system. To
correct a position error caused by the X-Y robot, the authors define position
error vector and apply modified Hough transform to determine the dominant
position error vector. Using this extracted dominant position error vector, the
reference image is modified. This transformed reference image is compared with
the camera image. Fuzzy logic is utilized to judge the correctness of the holes
on the stencil. The input variables are the ratio of the overlapped area of two
holes and the distance between the centroid of them. The output variable is the
grade of the identity of the hole. These methods are verified by a simulation
and applied to the inspection system
54. 1. 63. H. K. Lam, Frank H. F. Leung, "Design and
Training for Combinational Neural-Logic Systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial
Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 612-619, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
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Abstract: This paper presents the combinational
neural-logic system. The basic components, i.e., the neural-logic-and, -or, and
-not gates, will be proposed. As different applications have different
characteristics, a traditional neural network with a common structure might not
handle every application well if some network connections are redundant and
cause internal disturbances, which may downgrade the training and network
performance. In this paper, the proposed neural-logic gates are the basic
building blocks for the applications. Based on the knowledge of the application
and the neural-logic design methodology, a combinational neural-logic system
can be designed systematically to incorporate the characteristics of the
application into the structure of the combinational neural-logic system. It
will enhance the training and network performance. The parameters of the
combinational neural-logic system will be trained by the genetic algorithm. To
illustrate the merits of the proposed approach, the combinational neural-logic
system will be realized practically to recognize Cantonese speech commands for
an electronic book
54. 1. 64. Chengyi Guo, Qing Song, Wenjian Cai, "A
Neural Network Assisted Cascade Control System for Air Handling Unit,"
IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 620-628, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
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Abstract: In the centralized heating, ventilating
and air-conditioning (HVAC) system, air handling units (AHUs) are traditionally
controlled by single-loop proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers.
The control structure is simple, but the performance is usually not
satisfactory. In this paper, we propose a cascade control strategy for
temperature control of AHU. Instead of a fixed PID controller in the classical
cascade control scheme, a neural network (NN) controller is used in the outer
control loop. This approach not only overcomes the tedious tuning procedure for
the inner and outer loop PID parameters of a classical cascade control system,
but also makes the whole control system be adaptive and robust. The multilayer
NN is trained online by a special training algorithm-simultaneous perturbation
stochastic approximation (SPSA)-based training algorithm. With the SPSA-based
training algorithm, the weight convergence of the NN and stability of the
control system is guaranteed. The novel cascade control system has been
implemented on an experimental HVAC system. Testing results demonstrate the
effectiveness of the proposed algorithm over the classical cascade control
system
54. 1. 65. Khalid Abidi, Asif Sabanovic, "Sliding-Mode
Control for High-Precision Motion of a Piezostage," IEEE Trans. on Industrial
Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 629-637, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
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Abstract: In this paper, control of piezostage
using sliding-mode control (SMC) method is presented. Due to the fast dynamics
of the piezostage and since high accuracy is required the special attention is
paid to avoid chattering. The presence of hysteresis characteristics represents
main nonlinearity in the system. Structure of proposed SMC controller is proven
to offer chattering-free motion and rejection of the disturbances represented
by hysteresis and the time variation of the piezostack parameters. In order to
enhance the accuracy of the closed loop system, a combination of disturbance
rejection method and the SMC controller is explored and its effectiveness is
experimentally demonstrated. The disturbance observer is constructed using a
second-order lumped parameter model of the piezostage and is based on SMC
framework. Closed-loop experiments are presented using a
proportional-integral-derivative controller and sliding-mode controller with
disturbance compensation for the purpose of comparison
54. 1. 66. Susumu Hara, "A Smooth Switching From
Power-Assist Control to Automatic Transfer Control and Its Application to a
Transfer Machine," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp.
638-650, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
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Abstract: Power-assist system technology and its
application to manufacturing systems have attracted special interest recently.
For example, automobile assembly processes utilizing power-assist systems
exist. Many power-assist systems for industrial uses possess simple
power-assisting functions only. The transfer of controlled objects is generally
processed by another system. This paper proposes a transfer control method for
a cart with motor by means of a smooth switching from the impedance control
realizing the power-assist to the servo control for automatic transfer. To
obtain the smooth switching, this paper utilizes a nonstationary impedance
control method whose impedance parameters are time varying. A linear quadratic
integral control method based on time-varying feedback gains is also
introduced. By considering the setting of the time-varying parameters, the
control characteristic is smoothly varied without control input saturation.
This method increases the efficiency of control processes and realizes
comfortable work for operators. The effectiveness of the method is verified by
experiments and simulations
54. 1. 67. Wenbiao Han, Mohsen A. Jafari, "Coordination
Control of Positioning and Deposition in Layered Manufacturing," IEEE Trans. on
Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 651-659, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
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Abstract: In fused-deposition (FD)-based layered
manufacturing processes, the fabrication of functional part requires very high
layer quality, which demands not only positioning precision but also deposition
accuracy. Current FD techniques cannot realize an accurate deposition due to
the lack of interaction between the positioning process and the deposition
process. To achieve a high degree of deposition accuracy, a coordination
controller is proposed, which tracks the variation of the X-Y table speed in
real time and regulates the material flow rate accordingly. The simulation
results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach
54. 1. 68. Adam Mirecki, Xavier Roboam, Frdric
Richardeau, "Architecture Complexity and Energy Efficiency of Small Wind
Turbines," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp.
660-670, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
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Abstract: The power characteristics of wind
turbines are nonlinear. It is particularly true for vertical-axis turbines
whose provided power is very sensitive to the load. Thus, controlling the
operating point is essential to optimize the energetic behavior. Several
control strategies (maximum power point tracking) can be used for the energy
conversion. If the wind-turbine characteristic Cp(lambda) is
supposed to be a priori known, it can be used for optimal control of the
torque, speed, or system output power. On the contrary, if this characteristic
is unknown, an operational seeking algorithm such as fuzzy logic has to be
implemented. Several structures with different associated complexity degrees
can be used, in particular, the structure of the ac-dc conversion, which can be
either a pulsewidth-modulation voltage-source rectifier or a simple diode
bridge. A comparative study of the corresponding control strategies and
architectures is proposed in this paper regarding the tradeoffs between
structure complexity and energy efficiency. The analysis is based on
simulations and experiments
54. 1. 69. Andon Venelinov Topalov, Giuseppe Leonardo
Cascella, Vincenzo Giordano, Francesco Cupertino, Okyay Kaynak, "Sliding Mode
Neuro-Adaptive Control of Electric Drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial
Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 671-679, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
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Abstract: An innovative
variable-structure-systems-based approach for online training of neural network
(NN) controllers as applied to the speed control of electric drives is
presented. The proposed learning algorithm establishes an inner sliding motion
in terms of the controller parameters, leading the command error towards zero.
The outer sliding motion concerns the controlled electric drive, the state
tracking error vector of which is simultaneously forced towards the origin of
the phase space. The equivalence between the two sliding motions is
demonstrated. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed control
scheme and its practical feasibility in industrial settings, experimental tests
have been carried out with electric motor drives. Crucial problems such as
adaptability, computational costs, and robustness are discussed. Experimental
results illustrate that the proposed NN-based speed controller possesses a
remarkable learning capability to control electric drives, virtually without
requiring a priori knowledge of the plant dynamics and laborious startup
procedures
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
54. 1. 70. Sergio Saponara, Luca Fanucci, Pierangelo
Terreni, "Architectural-Level Power Optimization of Microcontroller Cores in
Embedded Systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp.
680-683, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
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Abstract: Power saving is becoming one of the
major design drivers in electronic systems embedding microcontroller cores.
Known microcontrollers typically save power at the expense of reduced
computational capability. With reference to an 8051 core, this paper presents a
novel clustered clock gating to increase power efficiency at architectural
level without performance loss and preserving the reusability of the macrocell.
Different from known clustered-gating strategies where the number of clusters
is fixed a priori, the optimal cluster organization is derived, considering
both the macrocell complexity and switching activity. When implementing the
8051 core in CMOS technology, the proposed approach leads to a 37% power
saving, which is higher than the 29% permitted by automatic-clock-gating
insertion in commercial computer-aided design tools or the 10% of
state-of-the-art clustered-gating strategies. To assess its full functionality,
the power-optimized cell has been proved in silicon that is embedded in an
automotive system for sensors interface/control
54. 1. 71. Adrian Ioinovici, Henry S. H. Chung, Marek
S. Makowski, Chi K. Tse, "Comments on “Unified Analysis of Switched-Capacitor
Resonant Converters”," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1,
pp. 684-685, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
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Abstract: The realization of line and load
regulation in switched-capacitor (SC)-based converters is discussed. A
duty-cycle control is based on partial charging of the capacitors in the
circuit. The influence on the efficiency is pointed out. The use of inductors
in SC-based converters is discussed
54. 1. 72. Victor Perelmuter, "Comments on “Elimination
of the Stator Resistance and Voltage Sensor Requirement Problems for DFO
Control of an Induction Machine”," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics,
vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 685-686, Feb. 2007. Abstract
Link Full
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Abstract: It is shown that in the paper by Rehman
(2005) the proposed method for a stator flux estimation does not have an
advantage over a current model
SPECIAL SECTION ON HUMATRONICS
54. 2. 1. "Table of Contents," IEEE Trans. on Industrial
Electronics, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. C1-691, April 2007. Abstract
Link Full
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Abstract: Not Available
54. 2. 2. "IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
publication information," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no.
2, pp. C2-C2, April 2007. Abstract
Link Full
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Abstract: Not Available
SPECIAL SECTION PAPERS
54. 2. 3. H. Prendinger, M. Ishizuka, "Symmetric
Multimodality Revisited: Unveiling Users' Physiological Activity," IEEE Trans. on
Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 692-698, April 2007. Abstract
Link Full
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Abstract: In this paper, we describe our own
stance on a research area called "Humatronics", which aims at establishing a
(more) symmetric interaction relationship between humans and computer systems.
In particular, we will advocate a novel approach to understanding humans that
is based on largely involuntary and unconscious physiological information and
gaze behavior rather than purposeful and conscious actions or behaviors.
"Understanding humans" here refers to users' states related to emotion and
affect, attention and interest, and possibly even to their intentions. A key
feature of our approach is that it provides insight into a person's
cognitive-motivational state without relying on cognitive judgements, such as
answers to dedicated queries. Lifelike interface agents are endowed with
synthetic bodies and faces and can be considered as prime candidates for
outbalancing the asymmetric relationship in current human-computer interaction.
As example applications, we will report on two recent studies that utilized
lifelike agents as presenters or interaction partners of users. The resulting
interactions can be conceived as implementing initial steps toward symmetric
multimodality in user interfaces
54. 2. 4. T. Takeda, Y. Hirata, K. Kosuge, "Dance Step
Estimation Method Based on HMM for Dance Partner Robot," IEEE Trans. on
Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 699-706, April 2007. Abstract
Link Full
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Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is to
realize an effective human-robot coordination with physical interaction. A
dance partner robot has been proposed as a platform for it. To realize the
effective human-robot coordination, recognizing human intention would be one of
the key issues. This paper focuses on an estimation method for dance steps,
which estimates a next dance step intended by a human. In estimating the dance
step, time series data of force/moment applied by the human to the robot are
used. The time series data of force/moment measured in dancing include
uncertainty such as time lag and variations for repeated trials because the
human could not always exactly apply the same force/moment to the robot. In
order to treat the time series data including such uncertainty, hidden Markov
models are utilized for designing the dance step estimation method. With the
proposed method, the robot successfully estimates a next dance step based on
human intention
54. 2. 5. Sanbao Zheng, D. Czarkowski, "Modeling and
Digital Control of a Phase-Controlled Series–Parallel Resonant Converter,"
IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 707-715, April
2007. Abstract
Link Full
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Abstract: A nonlinear model for a phase-controlled
series-parallel resonant converter is developed using the extended describing
function method and d-q decomposition. The model is linearized and reduced
using the bala