IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
1. Nam-Ju Park, Dong-Yun Lee, Dong-Seok Hyun, "A Power-Control Scheme With Constant Switching Frequency in Class-D Inverter for Induction-Heating Jar Application," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1252-1260, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: In this paper, a simple power-control scheme for a constant-frequency class-D inverter with variable duty cycle at constant frequency is proposed. It is more suitable and acceptable for high-frequency induction-heating (IH) jar applications. The proposed control scheme has the advantages of not only wide power-regulation range but also ease of output-power control. In addition, it can achieve stable and efficient zero-voltage switching in the whole load range. The control principles of the proposed method are described in detail, and the validity is verified through the simulated and experimental results on the 42.8-kHz insulated gate bipolar transistor for an IH rated on 1.6 kW with constant-frequency variable power.
2. Sergio Aurtenechea Larrinaga, Miguel Angel Rodriguez Vidal, Estanis Oyarbide, Jos Ramn Torrealday Apraiz, "Predictive Control Strategy for DC/AC Converters Based on Direct Power Control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1261-1271, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: This paper proposes predictive direct power control (P-DPC), a new control approach where the well-known direct power control is combined with predictive selection of a voltage-vectors' sequence, obtaining both high transient dynamics and a constant-switching frequency. The developed P-DPC version is based on an optimal application of three voltage vectors in a symmetrical way, which is the so-called symmetrical 3 $+$ 3 vectors' sequence. The simulation and experimental results of the P-DPC are compared to standard voltage-oriented control (VOC) strategies in a grid-connected three-phase voltage-source inverter under 400-V 15-kVA operation conditions. The P-DPC improves the transient response and keeps the steady-state harmonic spectrum at the same level as the VOC strategies. Due to its high transient capability and its constant-switching behavior, the P-DPC could become an interesting alternative to standard VOC techniques for grid-connected converters.
3. Emilio Figueres, Jos Manuel Benavent, Gabriel Garcera, Marcos Pascual, "A Control Circuit With Load-Current Injection for Single-Phase Power-Factor-Correction Rectifiers," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1272-1281, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: A load-current-injection control technique for boost-derived power-factor-correction (PFC) rectifiers with average current-mode control is proposed in this paper. By adding a load-current loop to the conventional inductor current loop, the output voltage response to load steps is speeded up, almost eliminating the typical voltage overshoots of this kind of converters. Although the techniques based on the load-current injection are traditionally called “load feedforward,” this paper shows that an additional feedback loop, which modifies the linear small-signal model of the converter, is also introduced. In order to validate the concept, a converter prototype working from a universal input line has been designed and tested, showing that a very fast dynamic response of PFC rectifiers may be achieved in a cost-effective way.
4. Guo-Ping Liu, Yuanqing Xia, Jie Chen, David Rees, Wenshan Hu, "Networked Predictive Control of Systems With Random Network Delays in Both Forward and Feedback Channels," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1282-1297, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: The design problem of networked control systems (NCS) with constant and random network delay in the forward and feedback channels, respectively, is considered in this paper. A novel networked predictive control (NPC) scheme is proposed to overcome the effects of network delay and data dropout. Stability criteria of closed-loop NPC systems are presented. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the stability of closed-loop NCS with constant time delay are given. Furthermore, it is shown that a closed-loop NPC system with bounded random network delay is stable if its corresponding switched system is stable. Both simulation study and practical experiments show the effectiveness of the control scheme.
5. Radu-Emil Precup, Stefan Preitl, Pter Korondi, "Fuzzy Controllers With Maximum Sensitivity for Servosystems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1298-1310, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: In this paper, new Takagi–Sugeno proportional–integral-fuzzy controllers (PI-FCs) to control a class of servosystems are proposed. The controlled plants in these control systems (CSs) are of integral type. In the first phase, there are designed linear PI controllers tuned in terms of the extended symmetrical optimum method to ensure the imposed overshoot and settling time with respect to the set point and to three possible types of load disturbance inputs. The connections between the two design parameters of the linear controllers and the desired maximum sensitivity and complementary sensitivity considering one of the disturbance inputs are derived. Then, accepting the approximate equivalence between the fuzzy controllers and the linear ones in certain conditions and using the modal equivalence principle, an attractive design method for the PI-FCs is proposed. With this respect, the design method guarantees maximum imposed sensitivity and complementary sensitivity for the CSs and, therefore, good responses with respect to modifications of the set point and of the disturbance inputs, and robustness with respect to model uncertainties. An application in speed control of a nonlinear servosystem with variable load, accompanied by experimental results, is provided to validate the new results, the fuzzy controllers, and a design method.
6. Yang Yu, Yu Xinjie, "Cooperative Coevolutionary Genetic Algorithm for Digital IIR Filter Design," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1311-1318, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: A novel algorithm for digital infinite-impulse response (IIR) filter design is proposed in this paper. The suggested algorithm is a kind of cooperative coevolutionary genetic algorithm. It considers the magnitude response and the phase response simultaneously and also tries to find the lowest filter order. The structure and the coefficients of the digital IIR filter are coded separately, and they evolve coordinately as two different species, i.e., the control species and the coefficient species. The nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II is used for the control species to guide the algorithms toward three objectives simultaneously. The simulated annealing is used for the coefficient species to keep the diversity. These two strategies make the cooperative coevolutionary process work effectively. Comparisons with another genetic algorithm-based digital IIR filter design method by numerical experiments show that the suggested algorithm is effective and robust in digital IIR filter design.
7. Pritam Das, Gerry Moschopoulos, "A Comparative Study of Zero-Current-Transition PWM Converters," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1319-1328, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: Zero-current-transition pulsewidth-modulation (ZCT-PWM) boost converters are conventional boost converters that use an active auxiliary circuit to turn off the main power switch with zero-current switching; the operation and properties of these converters are the focus of this paper. In this paper, the general operating principles behind all ZCT-PWM converters are reviewed, and the operation and properties of specific converters are discussed. The strengths and weaknesses of each converter are stated, and a new and improved ZCT-PWM boost converter is proposed and discussed. Experimental results obtained from an experimental ZCT-PWM boost converter prototype implemented with several of the auxiliary circuits discussed in this paper are presented, and the results confirm the superior performance of the proposed converter.
8. Mohamed Z. Youssef, Praveen K. Jain, "Series–Parallel Resonant Converter in Self-Sustained Oscillation Mode With the High-Frequency Transformer-Leakage-Inductance Effect: Analysis, Modeling, and Design," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1329-1341, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: An accurate modeling of the series–parallel resonant converter operating in self-sustained oscillation mode including the overlap effects of the output rectifying stage due to the leakage inductance of the transformer is presented. This paper presents a systematic procedure to study the aforementioned effects on the converter dynamic and steady-state performance. Such information is critical in designing isolated high-frequency resonance-based voltage-regulator modules for powering future subvoltage very large scale integration circuits such as microprocessors. The extended describing function technique is used to extract the steady-state characteristics in order to get an optimum converter design. Averaging state-space techniques are employed to derive a small-signal model that can describe the converter dynamics accurately. Analytical and simulation results are given. Finally, a 1-kW experimental prototype is built to verify the validity of the proposed work.
9. Fuchun Sun, Li Li, Han-Xiong Li, Huaping Liu, "Neuro-Fuzzy Dynamic-Inversion-Based Adaptive Control for Robotic Manipulators—Discrete Time Case," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1342-1351, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: In this paper, we present a stable discrete-time adaptive tracking controller using a neuro-fuzzy (NF) dynamic-inversion for a robotic manipulator with its dynamics approximated by a dynamic T-S fuzzy model. The NF dynamic-inversion constructed by a dynamic NF (DNF) system is used to compensate for the robot inverse dynamics for a better tracking performance. By assigning the dynamics of the DNF system, the dynamic performance of a robot control system can be guaranteed at the initial control stage, which is very important for enhancing system stability and adaptive learning. The discrete-time adaptive control composed of the NF dynamic-inversion and NF variable structure control (NF-VSC) is developed to stabilize the closed-loop system and ensure the high-quality tracking. The NF-VSC enhances the stability of the controlled system and improves the system dynamic performance during the NF learning. The system stability and the convergence of tracking errors are guaranteed by the Lyapunov stability theory, and the learning algorithm for the DNF system is obtained thereby. An example is given to show the viability and effectiveness of the proposed control approach.
10. Teresa Orlowska-Kowalska, Krzysztof Szabat, "Neural-Network Application for Mechanical Variables Estimation of a Two-Mass Drive System," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1352-1364, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: This paper deals with the application of neural networks (NNs) to the mechanical state estimation of the drive system with elastic joint. The torsional vibrations of the two-mass system are damped using the control structure with additional feedbacks from the torsional torque and the load-side speed. These feedbacks signals are obtained using NN estimators. The learning procedure of the NNs is described, and the influence of the input vector size to the accuracy of the state-variable estimation is investigated. The neural estimators of the torsional torque and the load machine speed are tested with open-loop and closed-loop control structures. The simulation results are confirmed by laboratory experiments.
11. Weidong Xiao, William G. Dunford, Patrick R. Palmer, Antoine Capel, "Regulation of Photovoltaic Voltage," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1365-1374, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: In photovoltaic power systems, both photovoltaic modules and switching-mode converters present nonlinear and time-variant characteristics, which result in a difficult control problem. This paper presents an in-depth analysis and modeling to discover the inherent features of a photovoltaic power system. The method of successive linearization simplifies the nonlinear problem back to the linear case. This paper also presents the use of Youla parameterization to design a stable control system for regulating the photovoltaic voltage. The experimental and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented analysis, design, and implementation.
12. Chee Khiang Pang, Frank L. Lewis, Shuzhi Sam Ge, Guoxiao Guo, Ben M. Chen, Tong Heng Lee, "Singular Perturbation Control for Vibration Rejection in HDDs Using the PZT Active Suspension as Fast Subsystem Observer," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1375-1386, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: Currently, position sensors other than the read/write head are not embedded into current hard disk drives (HDDs) due to signal-to-noise ratio and nanometer resolution issues. Moreover, a noncollocated sensor fusion creates nonminimum phase zero dynamics which degrades the tracking performance. In this paper, the singular perturbation theory is applied to decompose the voice coil motor's (VCM's) and induced PZT active suspension's dynamics into fast and slow subsystems, respectively. The control system is decomposed into fast and slow time scales for controller designs, and control effectiveness is increased to tackle more degrees-of-freedom via an inner loop vibration suppression with measured high-frequency VCM's and PZT active suspension's dynamics from the piezoelectric elements in the suspension. Experimental results on a commercial HDD with a laser doppler vibrometer show the effective suppression of the VCM and PZT active suspension's flexible resonant modes, as well as an improvement of 39.9% in $3sigma$ position error signal during track following when compared to conventional notch-based servos.
13. Timothy M. O'Sullivan, Christopher M. Bingham, Nigel Schofield, "Enhanced Servo-Control Performance of Dual-Mass Systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1387-1399, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: This paper provides systematic analysis and controller design methods for high-performance two-mass servo drives with an appraisal of the effects of supplementary filtering elements associated with practical systems. Implementation issues and the resulting performance achievable from proportional–integral, proportional–integral–derivative (PID), and resonance ratio control (RRC) controllers with regard to both closed-loop robustness and control of the process variable (load velocity), in response to a step reference speed or load-side disturbance, are presented. It is shown that the high-frequency gain of the controllers is a critical design variable for determining the resulting robustness of the closed-loop system when subject to unmodeled resonant modes, high-frequency noise from the derivative of quantized sensor signals, and process perturbations, and is strongly influenced by the location and number of filters present in the various feedback loops and, importantly, the ratio of their time constants. A complete design methodology is also presented to assign the time constants of the various loop filters, and their location, using a single user-definable variable, thereby reducing the time-consuming trial-and-error approach commonly employed using conventional tuning procedures. The technique employs both time- and frequency-domain design tools to address the conflicting requirements of robustness and control performance (overshoot, bandwidth, etc.). It is also shown that, since the PID and RRC controllers are closely related, they are theoretically able to impart identical closed-loop input–output dynamics. However, by virtue of the different feedback mechanisms employed, RRC is shown to provide superior closed-loop robustness. This paper demonstrates, and practically validates, the proposed techniques by showing significant performance enhancements from a commercial off-the-shelf servo-drive test platform.
14. Xiaoping Tu, Louis-A. Dessaint, Nicolas Fallati, Bruno De Kelper, "Modeling and Real-Time Simulation of Internal Faults in Synchronous Generators With Parallel-Connected Windings," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1400-1409, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: In large synchronous generators, the stator windings are usually parallel-connected in order to increase the machine current capacity. In analysis and modeling, the parallel windings are usually lumped into one equivalent stator winding since equal currents flow in these windings. However, when an internal fault occurs in the windings, the symmetry between the parallel windings is broken and different currents will flow in the parallel windings since unsymmetrical magnetic linkage may exist between the stator windings. The aim of this paper is to present a simulation model to investigate the internal fault currents of large synchronous generators with parallel-connected windings. This model is based on a modified winding function theory that takes into account all space harmonics. Moreover, the calculation of the machine inductances is made easier by the use of the machine electrical parameters instead of the geometrical ones. The simulation results illustrate the existence of different currents in parallel windings in the case of internal faults. Results are given for an implementation of the internal fault model in a real-time simulator of large power networks.
15. Satish Rajagopalan, Jos M. Aller, Jos A. Restrepo, Thomas G. Habetler, Ronald G. Harley, "Analytic-Wavelet-Ridge-Based Detection of Dynamic Eccentricity in Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) Motors Functioning Under Dynamic Operating Conditions," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1410-1419, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: A new method using the analytic wavelet transform of the stator-current signal is proposed for detecting dynamic eccentricity in brushless direct current (BLDC) motors operating under rapidly varying speed and load conditions. As wavelets are inherently suited for nonstationary signal analysis, this method does not require the use of any windows, nor is it dependent on any assumption of local stationarity as in the case of the short-time Fourier transform. The proposed technique uses analytic wavelets, which are smooth wavelets that possess both magnitude and phase information. This makes them particularly suitable for motor-fault diagnostics. Experimental results are provided to show that the proposed method works over a wide speed range of motor operation and provides an effective and robust way of detecting rotor faults such as dynamic eccentricity in BLDC motors.
16. Jianing Zhu, Yasushi Mae, Mamoru Minami, "Finding and Quantitative Evaluation of Minute Flaws on Metal Surface Using Hairline," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1420-1429, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: A method to detect minute flaws on metal parts is proposed to remove defective parts before assembling in a factory. The input grayscale images of metal parts are directly used to recognize flaws without any image conversion to shorten recognition time. The recognition problem to find flaws and detect their position on the metal parts is converted to another problem that searches for the maximum peak and the variables producing the peak. Then, the recognition problem can be treated as an optimization problem, and this conversion allows us to utilize high genetic algorithm performances in optimization. The effectiveness and problems of the proposed method are studied on the standing points of recognition speed and quantitative recognition ability. Based on the analysis, we furthermore improved our system to increase the flaw detection rate; the lighting direction was changed to find the best lighting condition that can emphasize the contrast between the metal surface and the flaw by using the reflection character of the hairline on the metal, which is resulted by a polishing process.
17. Alexandru Forrai, Takaharu Ueda, Takashi Yumura, "Electromagnetic Actuator Control: A Linear Parameter-Varying (LPV) Approach," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1430-1441, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: This paper deals with system identification and control of a nonlinear electromagnetic actuator, which can be used in many practical applications: electromagnetic valve actuators of combustion engines, artificial heart actuators, magnetic levitation, electromagnetic brakes, etc. The considered practical control problem requires accurate control of the moving armature between two extreme positions. The main objective is to assure small contact velocity, which is known as “soft landing” of the moving armature, and, in this way, low-noise low-component-wear operation. First, due to open-loop instability, system-identification experiments are performed around different equilibrium positions under closed-loop control, and a linear parameter-varying (LPV) model and a bound of plant uncertainty are derived. Next, an LPV controller is designed in a robust control framework (robust gain-scheduled controller). Since the system evolves along quasi-equilibrium positions, quadratic and biquadratic analyses are performed using linear matrix inequalities. Finally, the experimental results show that the controller design problem can be handled successfully, considering an LPV approach. This paper reflects a pragmatic viewpoint: The control structure is simple and easy to implement, and offers good performance and robustness; therefore, it is suitable for industrial applications.
18. Liang Gong, Cheng-Liang Liu, Xuan F. Zha, "Model-Based Real-Time Dynamic Power Factor Measurement in AC Resistance Spot Welding With an Embedded <>ANN," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1442-1448, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: Today, real-time measurement of dynamic power factor in resistance spot welding (RSW) is of increasing importance. On the basis of the welding transformer circuit model, a new method is proposed to measure the peak angle of the welding current and then calculate the dynamic power factor in each half-wave. The tailored sensing and computing system ensures that the measuring method possesses a real-time computational capacity with satisfying accuracy. Since the power factor cannot be represented via an explicit function with respect to measurable parameters, the traditional method(s) has to approximate the power factor angle with a constant phase lag angle and fails to detect its dynamic characteristics. An offline-trained embedded artificial neural network (ANN) successfully realizes the real-time implicit function calculation or estimation. A digital-signal-processor-based RSW monitoring system is developed to perform ANN computation. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method is applicable for measuring the dynamic power factor in single-phase half-wave controlled rectifier circuits.
19. Faa-Jeng Lin, Po-Kai Huang, Wen-Der Chou, "Recurrent-Fuzzy-Neural-Network-Controlled Linear Induction Motor Servo Drive Using Genetic Algorithms," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1449-1461, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: A recurrent fuzzy neural network (RFNN) controller based on real-time genetic algorithms (GAs) is developed for a linear induction motor (LIM) servo drive in this paper. First, the dynamic model of an indirect field-oriented LIM servo drive is derived. Then, an online training RFNN with a backpropagation algorithm is introduced as the tracking controller. Moreover, to guarantee the global convergence of tracking error, a real-time GA is developed to search the optimal learning rates of the RFNN online. The GA-based RFNN control system is proposed to control the mover of the LIM for periodic motion. The theoretical analyses for the proposed GA-based RFNN controller are described in detail. Finally, simulated and experimental results show that the proposed controller provides high-performance dynamic characteristics and is robust with regard to plant parameter variations and external load disturbance.
20. Mariko Mizuochi, Toshiaki Tsuji, Kouhei Ohnishi, "Multirate Sampling Method for Acceleration Control System," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1462-1471, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: This paper focuses on the realization of high-performance motion control based on acceleration control. A disturbance observer is used to construct an acceleration control system. A high sampling frequency is known to be effective for improving the performance. Characteristics of acceleration control are investigated to discuss the relationship between the performance and a sampling frequency of the system. The needs for a high sampling frequency for an output are then described. Based on these considerations, a novel multirate sampling method for the acceleration control system is proposed. An output sampling period is set shorter than an input sampling period, and control calculation is executed at each output sampling period in the method. The disturbance observer is redesigned for application to the multirate system. Stability analysis is performed to verify the validity of the proposal. Feasibility of the proposed method and its influence on the performance are also verified by experimental results.
21. Jos A. Villarejo, Javier Sebastian, Fulgencio Soto, Esther de Jodar, "Optimizing the Design of Single-Stage Power-Factor Correctors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1472-1482, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: This paper presents a new analytical method for the generalized study of a cluster of single-stage power-factor correctors $(hbox{S}^{2}hbox{PFCs})$. Due to this generalized approach, new topologies have been obtained, and the study of other known topologies has been simplified. The new analytical method simplifies the design of $hbox{S}^{2} hbox{PFCs}$ by making it possible to compare a large number of different designs from the same viewpoint in order to identify the best topology. Finally, this research has enabled us to reduce the total size of the additional inductors that are used by a factor of two to three with respect to previous implementations.
22. Mario Vasak, Mato Baotic, Ivan Petrovic, Nedjeljko Peric, "Hybrid Theory-Based Time-Optimal Control of an Electronic Throttle," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1483-1494, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: An electronic throttle is a dc-motor-driven valve that regulates air inflow into the combustion system of the engine. The throttle control system should ensure fast and accurate reference tracking of the valve plate angle while preventing excessive wear of the throttle components by constraining physical variables to their normal-operation domains. These high-quality control demands are hard to accomplish since the plant is burdened with strong nonlinear effects of friction and limp-home nonlinearity. In this paper, the controller synthesis is performed in discrete time by solving a constrained time-optimal control problem for the piecewise affine (PWA) model of the throttle. To that end, a procedure is proposed to model friction in a discrete-time PWA form that is suitable both for simulation and controller design purposes. The control action computation can, in general, be restated as a mixed-integer program. However, due to the small sampling time, solving such a program online (in a receding horizon fashion) would be very prohibitive. This issue is resolved by applying recent theoretical results that enable offline precomputation of the state-feedback optimal control law in the form of a lookup table. The technique employs invariant set computation and reachability analysis. The experimental results on a real electronic throttle are reported and compared with a tuned PID controller that comprises a feedforward compensation of the process nonlinearities. The designed time-optimal controller achieves considerably faster transient, while preserving other important performance measures, like the absence of overshoot and static accuracy within the measurement resolution.
23. Robert Grino, Rafael Cardoner, Ramon Costa-Castello, Enric Fossas, "Digital Repetitive Control of a Three-Phase Four-Wire Shunt Active Filter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1495-1503, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: Shunt active power filters have been proved as useful elements to correct distorted currents caused by nonlinear loads in power distribution systems. This paper presents an all-digital approach based on a particular repetitive control technique for their control. Specifically, a digital repetitive plug-in controller for odd-harmonic discrete-time periodic references and disturbances is used for the current control loops of the active filter. This approach does not introduce a high gain at those frequencies for which it is not needed and, thus, improves robustness of the controlled system. The active power balance of the whole system is assured by an outer control loop, which is designed from an energy-balancing perspective. The design is performed for a three-phase four-wire shunt active filter with a full-bridge boost topology. Several experimental results are also presented to show the good behavior of the closed-loop system.
24. Emil Levi, Martin Jones, Slobodan N. Vukosavic, Atif Iqbal, Hamid A. Toliyat, "Modeling, Control, and Experimental Investigation of a Five-Phase Series-Connected Two-Motor Drive With Single Inverter Supply," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1504-1516, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: This paper analyzes a recently introduced two-motor five-phase drive system with series connection of stator windings. It has been shown, using physical reasoning, that the introduction of an appropriate phase transposition in the series connection of two machines leads to a complete decoupling of the flux/torque-producing currents of one machine from the flux/torque-producing currents of the second machine. Consequently, independent vector control of the two machines becomes possible while using a single current-controlled five-phase voltage source inverter as the supply. The drive system modeling and control are first elaborated in this paper by taking both machines as induction motors. It is shown, using rigorous mathematical derivations, that the independent control of the two machines results due to the placement of machines in two different subspaces of the five-dimensional space. This is enabled by phase transposition in series connection. The models of the complete drive in the stationary common reference frame and in the rotor-flux-oriented reference frames of the two machines are developed. An associated vector control scheme for the two-motor drive is presented next. The second part of this paper describes an experimental setup used further on to evaluate the dynamic behavior of the two-motor drive. Performance is investigated by extensive experimentation for various transients (acceleration, deceleration, reversing, and disturbance rejection). Excellent decoupling of control of the two machines is achieved. Both the concept of the drive and the approach to modeling and control are thus fully verified experimentally. Finally, the advantages and shortcomings of the series-connected five-phase two-motor drive are discussed, and potential application areas are highlighted.
25. Wen-Fang Xie, "Sliding-Mode-Observer-Based Adaptive Control for Servo Actuator With Friction," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1517-1527, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: In this paper, a novel sliding-mode-observer-based adaptive controller is developed for the servo actuators with friction. The LuGre dynamic friction model is adopted for adaptive friction compensation. A sliding-mode observer is proposed to estimate the internal friction state of LuGre model. Based on the estimated friction state, adaptation laws are designed to compensate the unknown friction and load torque. The stability of the adaptive controller with sliding-mode observer is analyzed. The position tracking performance has been verified through both simulation and experimental results.
26. Kuo-Hsiang Cheng, Chun-Fei Hsu, Chih-Min Lin, Tsu-Tian Lee, Chunshien Li, "Fuzzy–Neural Sliding-Mode Control for DC–DC Converters Using Asymmetric Gaussian Membership Functions," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1528-1536, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: A fuzzy–neural sliding-mode (FNSM) control system is developed to control power electronic converters. The FNSM control system comprises a neural controller and a compensation controller. In the neural controller, an asymmetric fuzzy neural network is utilized to mimic an ideal controller. The compensation controller is designed to compensate for the approximation error between the neural controller and the ideal controller. An online training methodology is developed in the Lyapunov sense; thus, the stability of the control system can be guaranteed. Finally, to investigate the effectiveness of the FNSM control scheme, it is applied to control a pulsewidth-modulation-based forward dc–dc converter. Experimental results show that the proposed FNSM control system is found to achieve favorable regulation performances even under input-voltage and load-resistance variations.
27. Seiichiro Katsura, Kiyoshi Ohishi, "Modal System Design of Multirobot Systems by Interaction Mode Control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1537-1546, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: Motion control technology in an open environment will be more important. Future motion systems should interact with other systems or environments. To adapt to complicated environments and do tasks, a realization of multi-degree-of-freedom motion is necessary for human cooperating motion. This paper proposes a unified control approach for multirobot systems by interaction mode control. The proposed interaction mode control considers only interactions between systems. The interactions are abstracted by using mode quarry matrices. Since the transformed modes are independent of each other, it is possible to design a controller in decoupled modal space. This paper also proposes a novel control index named “hybrid ratio.” Hybrid ratio is defined as the influence of external acceleration input on the acceleration response of a system. Since it is possible to realize the assigned hybrid ratio in each mode according to the task, the motion command with hybrid ratio is represented as task code. Thus, the interaction mode control is able to be treated as task kinematics. The proposed interaction mode control is applied for grasping motion by multirobot systems. The numerical and experimental results show the viability of the proposed method.
28. Sidney R. Bowes, Derrick Holliday, "Optimal Regular-Sampled PWM Inverter Control Techniques," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1547-1559, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: A survey of eight different advanced Regular-Sampled pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) strategies is presented and compared for three-phase inverters. The PWM strategies represent modifications of the basic Regular-Sampled technique and are designed to closely reproduce the “exact” switching angles and performance of the well-known Harmonic Elimination, Harmonic Minimization, Space Vector Modulation, High-Frequency, and Hysteresis Band PWM strategies. Each strategy is compared, and the advantages and disadvantages of each are emphasized in terms of complexity and implementation. Experimental and computer-aided design simulation results are presented to show the differences between the various strategies and to confirm the validity and accuracy of each of the techniques.
29. Rosario Casanueva, Francisco J. Azcondo, Christian Branas, "Output Current Sensitivity Analysis of the $LC_{p}C_{s}$ Resonant Inverter: Current-Source Design Criteria," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1560-1568, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: The sensitivity analysis of the output current of the parallel–series resonant inverter is presented with the objective of including the analysis of component tolerances in the design criteria of current-source resonant inverters. The effects of the tolerance of circuit elements in the parallel–series $(LC_{p}C_{s})$ resonant inverter are studied to optimize the design parameters that ensure the circuit performance with minimum deviation of the operating point, i.e., minimum control action or even no feedback, and also good repeatability. The analysis shows that the capacitor ratio affects the sensitivity values. Conclusions are confirmed with experimental results and a statistical study by the Monte Carlo method.
30. Antonio Cataliotti, Fabio Genduso, Angelo Raciti, Giuseppe Ricco Galluzzo, "Generalized PWM–VSI Control Algorithm Based on a Universal Duty-Cycle Expression: Theoretical Analysis, Simulation Results, and Experimental Validations," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1569-1580, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: This paper presents a new approach in realizing various carrier-based pulsewidth-modulation techniques by a generalized control algorithm, which is referred to as the universal control algorithm and is obtained via unequal sharing of null states. The flexibility of such an approach allows one to easily and quickly control two-level inverters. Furthermore, this approach may be also extended with few changes to the control of multilevel inverters. The algorithm that is presented here for two-level voltage-source inverters (VSIs) also obtains efficient detection and management of both the linear and overmodulation ranges. In the overmodulation range, which is treated by using the $alpha$–$beta$ components of the reference-voltage space vector, the algorithm shows the advantage of lower calculation time, thus allowing one, if required, to increase the switching frequency. Several simulation runs have been performed, aiming to test the proposed procedure for both two-level and multilevel VSIs. Finally, the new algorithm was experimentally validated in the case of two-level inverters by using it in a VSI workbench that can carry out several experimental tests.
31. Fengling Han, Xinghuo Yu, Majid Al-Dabbagh, Yi Wang, "Locating Phase-to-Ground Short-Circuit Faults on Radial Distribution Lines," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1581-1590, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: This paper proposes a new single phase-to-ground short-circuit fault location algorithm for overhead three-phase radial distribution lines with single-ended measurements using the sinusoidal steady-state analysis method. By using this approach, two sinusoidal signals with different frequencies are first injected to the faulted line. By measuring the voltages and currents at the sending end and solving some nonlinear distributed-parameter equations, the distances and resistances of all possible fault candidates can be determined. A feature extraction method is derived to distinguish the actual fault from other pseudofault candidates. A fault locator based on the proposed approach is designed and implemented for a real-world problem. Physical model experiments and the field tests on radial distribution lines are presented to validate the proposed fault location approach.
32. Gustavo Willmann, Daniel Ferreira Coutinho, Lus Fernando Alves Pereira, Fausto Bastos Libano, "Multiple-Loop H-Infinity Control Design for Uninterruptible Power Supplies," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1591-1602, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: This paper presents an innovative tuning strategy for the design of multiple-loop lag–lead compensators for uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs) based on the H-infinity robust control theory. Taking into account an average model of a UPS, the parameters of a double-loop controller are synthesized such that the upper bound on the two-norm of the input-to-output operator is minimized while guaranteeing local stability of the closed-loop system for all admissible load variations. The stabilization conditions are cast in terms of linear matrix inequalities that are solved via standard software packages. To improve regulation dynamics, a newer technique to compute the root-mean-square value of the output voltage is also proposed. Practical results considering a commercial UPS system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach as a tool for tuning multiloop controllers.
33. Wenshan Hu, Guoping Liu, David Rees, "Event-Driven Networked Predictive Control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1603-1613, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: In networked control systems, random transmission delay significantly degrades the control performance and can cause system instability. To address this problem, the method of networked predictive control (NPC) has been proposed, which takes advantage of the feature of the network that a packet of data can be transferred simultaneously. At the controller side, future control sequences for every possible time delay are generated, which are then packed into a single packet and transmitted to the plant side. The plant side receives the packet and chooses the proper control signal based on the time delay measurement. However, this scheme needs an accurate plant mathematical model and the measurement of time delay. In this paper, a new event-driven NPC method is considered where the control signal is selected according to the plant output rather than the time delay measurement. The new method does not need any time delay measurement and can significantly improve the system performance in the presence of model uncertainty. The stability of the system when the method is used is analyzed. To illustrate the improved performance using the proposed method, the results from both simulations and real Internet-based networked experiments for a servo system are presented.
34. Annette Muetze, Andreas Binder, "Practical Rules for Assessment of Inverter-Induced Bearing Currents in Inverter-Fed AC Motors up to 500 kW," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1614-1622, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: The influence of different parameters of a variable-speed drive system on the phenomena of inverter-induced bearing currents has been studied under exactly the same conditions on inverter-operated alternating current motors from 1 to 500 kW. Detailed modeling may not always be applicable with practical applications in the field, where many parameters might be unknown. Therefore, the most important correlations are summarized in the form of a flowchart that is based on the physical cause-and-effect chains. This flowchart can serve as a tool for engineers to estimate the endangerment of a drive system due to inverter-induced bearing currents and select an appropriate mitigation technique if necessary, where detailed knowledge of the different design parameters is not available.
35. Jun-Young Lee, "An Improved Magnetic-Coupled AC-PDP Sustain Driver With Dual Recovery Paths," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1623-1631, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: A cost-effective magnetic-coupled ac plasma-display-panel sustain driver with low switching loss is proposed. The transformer yields current-stress reduction of energy-recovery switches, which affects circuit cost and reliability, and its turns ratio can be used to adjust the sustain-pulse slopes affecting gas-discharge uniformity. Dividing the recovery paths, the switching loss of the recovery switches is reduced by preventing abrupt change of the switch output capacitance charge current. In addition, the proposed circuit has a simpler structure because it does not use the recovery-path diodes, which should afford a large recovery current. By reducing the current stress and device count of the energy-recovery circuit, the proposed driver may help bring the circuit cost down and improve circuit reliability.
36. Eijiro Ohashi, Takahiro Aiko, Toshiaki Tsuji, Hiroaki Nishi, Kouhei Ohnishi, "Collision Avoidance Method of Humanoid Robot With Arm Force," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1632-1641, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: This paper describes a collision avoidance method for a biped robot with an upper body. We propose a method wherein the robot stops in front of an obstacle by generating arm force. When the robot detects the obstacle by the arm tip, it should stop short of the obstacle to avoid crash. Hence, we propose trajectory planning in consideration of the pushing force of the arm. The arm force is controlled to be generated as a function of the distance from the robot body to the obstacle. The closer the robot approaches the obstacle, the larger the arm force becomes. As a result, the robot can stop by utilizing the arm force. In case the obstacle is unmovable, the robot can stop by exerting arm force. If it is movable, the robot can continue walking by pushing it. In this paper, the linear inverted pendulum mode (LIPM) and the idea of orbital energy are introduced, and then, we extend LIPM and orbital energy in consideration of the dynamics of the arm force. The extended orbital energy is utilized to discriminate whether the robot can stop or not and to modify the trajectory of the robot to avoid collision.
37. Bor-Ren Lin, Chao-Hsien Tseng, "Analysis of Parallel-Connected Asymmetrical Soft-Switching Converter," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1642-1653, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: A new half-bridge converter with two current-doubler rectifiers is proposed. Two transformers are used in the proposed converter. The primary windings of two transformers are connected in series to reduce the voltage stress across the magnetizing inductor, since each magnetizing inductor voltage is equal to one half of the input voltage. Two current-doubler rectifiers at the secondary sides are connected in parallel to reduce the current stress of secondary winding since the secondary winding current is less than one half of the load current. The asymmetrical pulsewidth-modulation technique is used in the proposed converter to regulate the direct current output voltage. The transformer leakage inductance and the output capacitance of switching switches are resonant during the transition interval between two switches in order to achieve zero voltage switching. The operation principle and design considerations of the proposed converter are provided. Experimental results for a 100-W (5 V/20 A) prototype are presented to verify the theoretical analysis and circuit performance.
38. Zoltn Petres, Pter Baranyi, Pter Korondi, Hideki Hashimoto, "Trajectory Tracking by TP Model Transformation: Case Study of a Benchmark Problem," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1654-1663, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to study the recently proposed tensor-product-distributed-compensation (TPDC)-based control design framework in the case of tracking control design of a benchmark problem. The TPDC is a combination of the tensor product model transformation and the parallel distributed compensation framework. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of the TPDC design. We study how it can be uniformly and readily executed without analytical derivations. We show that the TPDC is straightforward and numerically tractable, and is capable of guarantying various different control performances via linear matrix inequality (LMI) conditions. All these features are studied via the state feedback trajectory control design of the translational oscillations with an eccentric rotational proof mass actuator system. The trajectory tracking capability for various tracking commands is optimized here by decay rate LMI conditions. Constraints on the output and control of the closed-loop system are also considered by LMI conditions. We present numerical simulations of the resulting closed-loop system to validate the control design.
39. Mohamed Rashed, Peter F. A. MacConnell, A. Fraser Stronach, Paul Acarnley, "Sensorless Indirect-Rotor-Field-Orientation Speed Control of a Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor With Stator-Resistance Estimation," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1664-1675, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: Efficient and precise sensorless speed control of a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) requires accurate knowledge of rotor flux, position, and speed. In the literature, many sensorless schemes have been presented, in which the accurate estimation of rotor flux magnitude, position, and speed is guaranteed by detecting the back electromotive force (EMF). However, these schemes show great sensitivity to stator resistance mismatch and system noise, particularly, during low-speed operation. In this paper, an indirect-rotor-field-oriented-control scheme for sensorless speed control of a PMSM is proposed. The rotor-flux position is estimated by direct integration of the estimated rotor speed to reduce the effect of the system noise. The stator resistance and the rotor-flux speed and magnitude are estimated adaptively using stable model reference adaptive system estimators. Simple stability analysis and design of the estimators are performed using linear-control theory applied to an error model of the PMSM in a synchronous rotating reference frame. The convergence of rotor position- and speed-estimation errors to zero is guaranteed. Experimental results show excellent performance.
40. Yildiray Yildiz, Asif Sabanovic, Khalid Abidi, "Sliding-Mode Neuro-Controller for Uncertain Systems," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1676-1685, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: In this paper, a method that allows for the merger of the good features of sliding-mode control and neural network (NN) design is presented. Design is performed by applying an NN to minimize the cost function that is selected to depend on the distance from the sliding-mode manifold, thus providing that the NN controller enforces sliding-mode motion in a closed-loop system. It has been proven that the selected cost function has no local minima in controller parameter space, so under certain conditions, selection of the NN weights guarantees that the global minimum is reached, and then the sliding-mode conditions are satisfied; thus, closed-loop motion is robust against parameter changes and disturbances. For controller design, the system states and the nominal value of the control input matrix are used. The design for both multiple-input–multiple-output and single-input–single-output systems is discussed. Due to the structure of the (M)ADALINE network used in control calculation, the proposed algorithm can also be interpreted as a sliding-mode-based control parameter adaptation scheme. The controller performance is verified by experimental results.
41. Ming-Yang Cheng, Cheng-Chien Lee, "Motion Controller Design for Contour-Following Tasks Based on Real-Time Contour Error Estimation," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1686-1695, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: Reduction of contour error is an important issue in contour-following applications. One of the common approaches to this problem is to design a controller based on contour error information. However, for the free-form contour-following tasks, there is a lack of effective algorithms for calculating contour errors in real time. To deal with this problem, this paper proposes a real-time contour error estimation algorithm. In addition, a motion control scheme that combines a position loop controller (which utilizes a velocity command feedforward) with a tangential–contouring controller (TCC) is employed to improve the contour-following accuracy. When implementing the TCC, a coordinate transformation matrix is needed. Unfortunately, it is difficult to calculate the coordinate transformation matrix when performing the free-form contour-following task. To overcome this difficulty and facilitate the use of contour controllers, a systematic approach is employed to derive the coordinate transformation matrix for the free-form contour-following tasks. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed contour error estimation algorithm and the motion control scheme.
42. Weidong Xiao, Nathan Ozog, William G. Dunford, "Topology Study of Photovoltaic Interface for Maximum Power Point Tracking," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1696-1704, June 2007. Full Text Link
Abstract: This paper looks at the performance of photovoltaic modules in nonideal conditions and proposes topologies to minimize the degradation of performance caused by these conditions. It is found that the peak power point of a module is significantly decreased due to only the slightest shading of the module, and that this effect is propagated through other nonshaded modules connected in series with the shaded one. Based on this result, two topologies for parallel module connections have been outlined. In addition, dc/dc converter technologies, which are necessary to the design, are compared by way of their dynamic models, frequency characteristics, and component cost. Out of this comparison, a recommendation has been made.