IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 

Volume 55,  Number 1, Feb. 2008           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page

Volume 55,  Number 2, April 2008           Access to the journal on IEEE XPLORE     IE Transactions Home Page

55. 2. 1.     "Table of Contents," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. C1-478, April 2008.  Abstract Link   Full Text


55. 2. 2.     "IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics publication information," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. C2-C2, April 2008.  Abstract Link   Full Text


55. 2. 3.     B. FAHIMI, I. BOLDEA, "Guest Editorial," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 479-480, April 2008.  Abstract Link   Full Text


55. 2. 4.     J. W. Finch, D. Giaouris, "Controlled AC Electrical Drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 481-491, April 2008.  Abstract Link   Full Text

Abstract: The use of ac electrical machines in controlled electrical drive applications is reviewed. The major types of electrical machines are briefly summarized to set the context and establish the physical basis for the control techniques used. Machine properties, which are the key to successful control, can be obscured by the necessary mathematics required for machine analysis and control scheme derivations. The main focus of this paper is on control techniques which are being applied to make ac drives a rapidly growing area. Development of the control is discussed, with concentration on recent trends suitable for practical applications in the industry with good dynamic behavior. A particular feature is the increasing importance of speed or position sensorless techniques.

55. 2. 5.     L. N. Tutelea, M. C. Kim, M. Topor, J. Lee, I. Boldea, "Linear Permanent Magnet Oscillatory Machine: Comprehensive Modeling for Transients With Validation by Experiments," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 492-500, April 2008.  Abstract Link   Full Text

Abstract: A linear and respective nonlinear state space model of a linear permanent magnet oscillatory machine is defined and then its parameters are computed from tests. The experiments were performed on two linear machine prototypes, one with interior permanent magnets and flux concentration and the other with surface permanent magnets. The finite element method model, validated on the existing prototype, shows further improvement possibilities of the interior permanent magnet machine. Dynamic tests and simulations with mechanical coupling of the two machines are used to validate the model in motion and on load. Good agreement between theory and tests in terms of various variables, including the linear position measured with a Laser-based transducer, has been observed.

55. 2. 6.     F. Morel, J.-M. Retif, X. Lin-Shi, C. Valentin, "Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Hybrid Torque Control," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 501-511, April 2008.  Abstract Link   Full Text

Abstract: This paper presents a control scheme suitable for systems composed of a continuous process modulated in energy by a power converter with a finite number of topologies. To track the continuous reference values, a topology of the power converter is determined from a criterion based on a process state variable model and taking into account the possible topologies of the power converter. The proposed hybrid control scheme is applied to an electrical motor drive composed of an inverter coupled to a permanent magnet synchronous machine. An evolution which insures a fixed modulation frequency is also proposed. Experimental results validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed schemes.

55. 2. 7.     K.-B. Lee, F. Blaabjerg, "Sensorless DTC-SVM for Induction Motor Driven by a Matrix Converter Using a Parameter Estimation Strategy," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 512-521, April 2008.  Abstract Link   Full Text

Abstract: This paper presents a new direct torque controlled space vector modulated method to improve the sensorless performance of matrix converter drives using a parameter estimation scheme. The flux and torque error are geometrically combined in a new flux leakage vector to make a stator command voltage vector in a deadbeat manner. A new sensorless method of estimating the rotor speed, flux, stator resistance, and rotor resistance is derived and verified with experimental results. Common terms in the error dynamics are utilized to find a simpler error model involving some auxiliary variables. Using this error model, the state estimation problem is converted into a parameter estimation problem assuming the rotor speed is constant. The proposed adaptive schemes are determined so that the whole system is stable in the sense of Lyapunov. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by experiments.

55. 2. 8.     M. Blodt, D. Bonacci, J. Regnier, M. Chabert, J. Faucher, "On-Line Monitoring of Mechanical Faults in Variable-Speed Induction Motor Drives Using the Wigner Distribution," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 522-533, April 2008.  Abstract Link   Full Text

Abstract: This paper deals with the detection of mechanical load faults in induction motors during speed transients. The detection strategy is based on stator current analysis. Mechanical load faults generally lead to load torque oscillations at specific frequencies related to the mechanical rotor speed. The torque oscillations produce a characteristic sinusoidal phase modulation of the stator current. Speed transients result in time-varying supply frequencies that prevent the use of classical, Fourier transform-based spectral estimation. This paper proposes the use of a time–frequency distribution, the Wigner Distribution, for stator current analysis. Fault indicators are extracted from the distribution for on-line condition monitoring. The proposed methods are implemented on a low-cost digital signal processor. Experimental results in a steady-state and during transients with load torque oscillations and load imbalance are presented.

55. 2. 9.     H. S. Lim, R. Krishnan, N. S. Lobo, "Design and Control of a Linear Propulsion System for an Elevator Using Linear Switched Reluctance Motor Drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 534-542, April 2008.  Abstract Link   Full Text

Abstract: Linear switched reluctance motors (LSRMs) for the primary propulsion of a ship elevator is proposed and investigated for the first time in this paper. To achieve the stated objective, a new type of LSRM is proposed with twin stators and a translator between them with no back iron in the translator. The proposed configuration of the LSRM is designed, simulated, analyzed, compared with traditional LSRMs, and verified by experimental measurements. The number of LSRM propulsion subsystems required is studied with a view to minimize their weights and an optimization study for that purpose is developed. Unique placement of the LSRM propulsion systems on the elevator is presented. The propulsion force is generated using one phase or multiphase excitation. To reduce propulsion force pulsations, a major requirement in elevators, controlled multiphase excitation using one of the known force distribution functions (FDF) is an acceptable solution. In this paper, it is proved that the currently available FDFs are able to reduce the force pulsations but are not able to meet the peak force command for the system. Consequently, the velocity and position control do not meet even the elementary performance requirements any more. A new FDF is proposed in this paper and presented to overcome the problem caused by a conventional FDF. The control system with the proposed FDF is derived and integrated into velocity and position controllers. Extensive dynamic simulation and experimental verification of the proposed LSRM with the novel FDF is proved to give superior performance in this paper. Such high performance capable of meeting vertical elevator applications is demonstrated.

55. 2. 10.     D. Giaouris, J. W. Finch, O. C. Ferreira, R. M. Kennel, G. M. El-Murr, "Wavelet Denoising for Electric Drives," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 543-550, April 2008.  Abstract Link   Full Text

Abstract: Signal identification is a common problem in electric drive applications. This paper proposes the use of wavelet transforms to extract and identify specific frequency components. Initially, current measurements from a constant voltage/hertz application are filtered using various wavelets and the results compared with conventional filtering methods. A pseudoadaptive denoising method is then proposed based on wavelets which adjust the level of decomposition depending on the rotor speed. Finally, wavelets are used in a high frequency injection speed estimation scheme and shown to be superior to conventional methods in such cases, where the useful information may be at higher frequency and have imprecise frequency components. Experimental and simulated results verify these statements.

55. 2. 11.     D. Zhang, H. Li, "A Stochastic-Based FPGA Controller for an Induction Motor Drive With Integrated Neural Network Algorithms," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 551-561, April 2008.  Abstract Link   Full Text

Abstract: This paper applies stochastic theory to the design and implementation of field-oriented control of an induction motor drive using a single field-programmable gate array (FPGA) device and integrated neural network (NN) algorithms. Normally, NNs are characterized as heavily parallel calculation algorithms that employ enormous computational resources and are less useful for economical digital hardware implementations. A stochastic NN structure is proposed in this paper for an FPGA implementation of a feedforward NN to estimate the feedback signals in an induction motor drive. The stochastic arithmetic simplifies the computational elements of the NN and significantly reduces the number of logic gates required for the proposed NN estimator. A new stochastic proportional-integral speed controller is also developed with antiwindup functionality. Compared with conventional digital controls for motor drives, the proposed stochastic-based algorithm enhances the arithmetic operations of the FPGA, saves digital resources, and permits the NN algorithms and classical control algorithms to be easily interfaced and implemented on a single low-complexity, inexpensive FPGA. The algorithm has been realized using a single FPGA XC3S400 from Xilinx, Inc. A hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test platform using a Real Time Digital Simulator is built in the laboratory. The HIL experimental results are provided to verify the proposed FPGA controller.

55. 2. 12.     P. G. Kini, R. C. Bansal, R. S. Aithal, "Performance Analysis of Centrifugal Pumps Subjected to Voltage Variation and Unbalance," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 562-569, April 2008.  Abstract Link   Full Text

Abstract: Frequent variation of single-phase loads on power system networks results in voltage fluctuations and imbalance at consumer terminals. The application of such fluctuating voltages to operate centrifugal loads causes large variations in system performance. As a consequence, the incorporation of large safety factors have resulted in efficiency of pumping operations being less than 50% in most cases. However, small improvements in pump efficiency can lead to a significant reduction in energy consumption, and at the same time energy usage can be optimized. The operating point of a pump is obtained when the system curve intersects the pump curve. Variation in applied voltages leads to variation in the operating point, leading to inefficiency of system operation. This paper presents the impact of voltage variation and imbalance on the working performance of an induction motor-driven centrifugal pump system with an experimental study. Both overvoltage and undervoltage conditions along with phase imbalance were considered for analysis.

55. 2. 13.     A. Piippo, M. Hinkkanen, J. Luomi, "Analysis of an Adaptive Observer for Sensorless Control of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 570-576, April 2008.  Abstract Link   Full Text

Abstract: This paper deals with a speed and position estimation method for the sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motors. The method is based on a speed-adaptive observer. The dynamics of the system are analyzed by linearizing both the motor model and the observer, and the observer gain is selected to give improved damping and noise suppression. At low speeds, the observer is augmented with a signal injection technique, providing stable operation down to zero speed. The experimental results, obtained using a 2.2-kW interior magnet motor, are in agreement with the results of the analysis.

55. 2. 14.     C. Zwyssig, S. D. Round, J. W. Kolar, "An Ultrahigh-Speed, Low Power Electrical Drive System," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 577-585, April 2008.  Abstract Link   Full Text

Abstract: New emerging applications in the areas of portable power generation, small turbocompressors and spindles require the development of ultrahigh-speed, low power electrical drives. A 500 000 r/min, 100 W electrical drive system is presented. Because of the ultrahigh-speed requirements, standard machine design and power electronic topology choices no longer apply and the complete drive system has to be considered. A permanent magnet machine with a slotless litz-wire winding is used, which results in a low motor inductance and a high fundamental machine frequency. Three different combinations of power electronic topologies and commutation strategies have been experimentally investigated. A voltage source inverter with block commutation and an additional dc–dc converter is selected as the most optimal choice for the power electronics interface as it results in the lowest volume of the entire drive system due to lower switching losses, no heat sink cooling required, a small number of semiconductor devices, and relatively simple control implementation in a low cost digital signal processor.

55. 2. 15.     F. Zidani, D. Diallo, M. E. H. Benbouzid, R. Nait-Said, "A Fuzzy-Based Approach for the Diagnosis of Fault Modes in a Voltage-Fed PWM Inverter Induction Motor Drive," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 586-593, April 2008.  Abstract Link   Full Text

Abstract: This paper investigates the use of fuzzy logic for fault detection and diagnosis in a pulsewidth modulation voltage source inverter (PWM-VSI) induction motor drive. The proposed fuzzy technique requires the measurement of the output inverter currents to detect intermittent loss of firing pulses in the inverter power switches. For diagnosis purposes, a localization domain made with seven patterns is built with the stator Concordia current vector. One is dedicated to the healthy domain and the six others to each inverter power switch. The fuzzy bases of the proposed technique are extracted from the current analysis of the fault modes in the PWM-VSI. Experimental results on a 1.5-kW induction motor drive are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy approach.

55. 2. 16.     S. Maiti, C. Chakraborty, Y. Hori, M. C. Ta, "Model Reference Adaptive Controller-Based Rotor Resistance and Speed Estimation Techniques for Vector Controlled Induction Motor Drive Utilizing Reactive Power," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 594-601, April 2008.  Abstract Link   Full Text

Abstract: In this paper, a detailed study on the Model Reference Adaptive Controller (MRAC) utilizing the reactive power is presented for the online estimation of rotor resistance to maintain proper flux orientation in an Indirect Vector Controlled Induction Motor Drive. Selection of reactive power as the functional candidate in the MRAC automatically makes the system immune to the variation of stator resistance. Moreover, the unique formation of the MRAC with the instantaneous and steady-state reactive power completely eliminates the requirement of any flux estimation in the process of computation. Thus, the method is less sensitive to integrator-related problems like drift and saturation (requiring no integration). This also makes the estimation at or near zero speed quite accurate. Adding flux estimators to the MRAC, a speed sensorless scheme is developed. Simulation and experimental results have been presented to confirm the effectiveness of the technique.

55. 2. 17.     L. Parsa, L. Hao, "Interior Permanent Magnet Motors With Reduced Torque Pulsation," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 602-609, April 2008.  Abstract Link   Full Text

Abstract: In this paper, three-phase interior permanent magnet brushless dc motors are analyzed. The effect of magnetization direction, number of stator slots, winding distribution, skew angle, current waveform, and advance angle on torque pulsation is examined. Finite element method is used to calculate the torque, reluctance torque, back iron flux density, tooth flux density, detent torque, and back electromotive force of the motors. Switching instants are calculated such that the reluctance torque can be utilized and maximum torque with reduced pulsation is achieved. Experimental results to support the simulation findings are included in this paper.

55. 2. 18.     B. Akin, U. Orguner, H. A. Toliyat, M. Rayner, "Low Order PWM Inverter Harmonics Contributions to the Inverter-Fed Induction Machine Fault Diagnosis," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 610-619, April 2008.  Abstract Link   Full Text

Abstract: In this paper, the effects of inverter harmonics on motor current fault signatures are studied in detail. It is theoretically and experimentally shown that the fault signatures caused by the inverter harmonics are similar and comparable to those generated by the fundamental harmonic on the line current. Theoretically-derived extended relations including bearing fault, eccentricity, and broken rotor bar relations are found to match experimental results. Furthermore, it is observed and reported that the asymmetries on the rotor caused by broken rotor bars increase the amplitude of even harmonics. To confirm these claims, bearing, eccentricity, and broken rotor bar faults are tested and the line current spectrum of each faulty motor is compared with the healthy one. The proposed additional fault data are expected to contribute positively to the inverter-fed motor fault decisionmaking algorithms.

55. 2. 19.     M. Barut, S. Bogosyan, M. Gokasan, "Experimental Evaluation of Braided EKF for Sensorless Control of Induction Motors," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 620-632, April 2008.  Abstract Link   Full Text

Abstract: Temperature- and frequency-dependent variations of the rotor $(R_{rm r}^{ prime})$ and stator $(R_{rm s})$ resistances pose a challenge in the accurate estimation of flux and velocity in the sensorless control of induction motors (IMs) over a wide speed range. Solutions have been sought to the problem by signal injection and/or by the use of different algorithms for the different parameters and states of the same motor. In this paper, a novel Extended-Kalman-Filter (EKF)-based estimation technique is developed for the solution of the problem based on the consecutive operation of two EKF algorithms at every time step. The proposed “braided” EKF technique is experimentally tested under challenging parameter and load variations in a wide speed range, including low speed. The results demonstrate a significantly increased accuracy in the estimation of $R_{rm s}$ and $R_{rm r}^{prime}$, as well as load torque, flux, and velocity in transient and steady state, when compared with single EKFs or other approaches taken to estimate these parameters and states in the sensorless control of IMs. The improved results also motivate the utilization of the new estimation approach in combination with a variety of control methods which depend on accurate knowledge of a high number of parameters and states.

55. 2. 20.     J. CusidĂ“Cusido, L. Romeral, J. A. Ortega, J. A. Rosero, A. GarcĂŤaGarcia Espinosa, "Fault Detection in Induction Machines Using Power Spectral Density in Wavelet Decomposition," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 633-643, April 2008.  Abstract Link   Full Text

Abstract: Motor-current-signature analysis has been successfully used in induction machines for fault diagnosis. The method, however, does not always achieve good results when the speed or the load torque is not constant, because this causes variations on the motor-slip and fast Fourier transform problems appear due to a nonstationary signal. This paper proposes a new method for motor fault detection, which analyzes the spectrogram based on a short-time Fourier transform and a further combination of wavelet and power-spectral-density (PSD) techniques, which consume a smaller amount of processing power. The proposed algorithms have been applied to detect broken rotor bars as well as shorted turns. Besides, a merit factor based on PSD is introduced as a novel approach for condition monitoring, and a further implementation of the algorithm is proposed. Theoretical development and experimental results are provided to support the research.

55. 2. 21.     W. Chen, X. Ruan, "Zero-Voltage-Switching PWM Hybrid Full-Bridge Three-Level Converter With Secondary-Voltage Clamping Scheme," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 644-654, April 2008.  Abstract Link   Full Text

Abstract: A hybrid full-bridge (H-FB) three-level (TL) converter can realize zero-voltage-switching for switches with the use of resonant inductance (including the leakage inductance of the transformer) and intrinsic capacitors of the switches. As it can operate in three-level and two-level (2L) modes, the secondary rectified voltage is always close to the output voltage over the input-voltage range; thus, the output filter requirement is significantly less. Meanwhile, the voltage stress of the rectifier diodes can also be reduced. Therefore, the H-FB TL converter is very attractive for wide input-voltage-range applications. However, there is a serious voltage oscillation across the rectifier diodes caused by reverse recovery like the Buck-derived converters. In this paper, two clamping diodes are introduced to the H-FB TL converter to eliminate the voltage oscillation across the rectifier diodes. The arrangement of the positions of the resonant inductance and the transformer is discussed. The operation principle of the proposed converter is analyzed in details. A 1.2-kW prototype was built and tested in the laboratory to verify the operation of the proposed converter.

55. 2. 22.     B.-S. Chen, Y.-Y. Hsu, "A Minimal Harmonic Controller for a STATCOM," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 655-664, April 2008.  Abstract Link   Full Text

Abstract: In this paper, a novel controller with fixed modulation index (MI) and variable dc capacitor voltage reference to minimize voltage and current harmonics is presented for a distribution static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). The STATCOM with the proposed controller consists of a three-phase voltage-sourced inverter and a dc capacitor and is used to provide reactive power compensation and regulate ac system bus voltage with minimum harmonics. A systematic design procedure based on pole-zero cancellation, root locus method, and pole assignment method has been developed to determine proper parameters for the current regulator, the dc voltage controller, and the ac voltage controller of the STATCOM. With the proposed STATCOM controller, harmonic distortions in the inverter output current and voltage can be reduced since the MI is held constant at unity in steady state. In addition, a fast adjustment in the STATCOM output reactive power is achieved to regulate the ac bus voltage through the adjustment of the dc voltage reference during the transient period. Simulation and experimental results for the steady-state operating condition and transient operating conditions for the system subjected to a reactive current reference step change, a three-phase line to neutral fault, and a step load change are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.

55. 2. 23.     M. K. H. Cheung, M. H. L. Chow, C. K. Tse, "Practical Design and Evaluation of a 1 kW PFC Power Supply Based on Reduced Redundant Power Processing Principle," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 665-673, April 2008.  Abstract Link   Full Text

Abstract: Using the reduced redundant power processing $({rm R}^{2}{rm P}^{2})$ principle, a single-phase power-factor correction (PFC) power supply can achieve a higher overall efficiency as a result of the use of a noncascading structure that involves less repeated processing of the input power. This paper investigates a single-phase noncascading PFC power supply based on the ${rm R}^{2}{rm P}^{2}$ principle. The circuit employs a current-fed full-bridge converter as the PFC preregulator, and a buck–boost converter as the voltage regulator. This paper addresses the design of this noncascading PFC power supply and in particular the relationships between the gained efficiency, the transient response and the size of the energy storage. Experimental results obtained from a 1 kW laboratory prototype are presented.

55. 2. 24.     H.-J. Chiu, T.-H. Song, S.-J. Cheng, C.-H. Li, Y.-K. Lo, "Design and Implementation of a Single-Stage High-Frequency HID Lamp Electronic Ballast," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 674-683, April 2008.  Abstract Link   Full Text

Abstract: We present a single-stage electronic ballast with a high power factor feature for driving high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps. A new frequency-modulation technique is proposed to eliminate the acoustic resonance problem in HID lamps under high-frequency operation. The proposed method has the merits of simple circuit and low cost; thus, it is suitable for use in commercial applications. The conducted emission caused by the high-frequency electronic ballast can be also effectively reduced. The operating principles and design considerations of the proposed electronic ballast are analyzed and discussed in detail. A 35-W laboratory prototype is designed and implemented. Simulation and experimental waveforms are given to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. The results are satisfactory.

55. 2. 25.     G. Gong, H. Ertl, J. W. Kolar, "Novel Tracking Power Supply for Linear Power Amplifiers," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, p